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Ferreira MG, Duarte CG, Oliveira MS, Castro KLP, Teixeira MS, Reis LPG, Zambrano JA, Kalapothakis E, Michel AFRM, Soto-Blanco B, Chávez-Olórtegui C, Melo MM. Toxicity of crude and detoxified Tityus serrulatus venom in anti-venom-producing sheep. J Vet Sci 2017; 17:467-477. [PMID: 27297422 PMCID: PMC5204024 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2016.17.4.467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific anti-venom used to treat scorpion envenomation is usually obtained from horses after hyperimmunization with crude scorpion venom. However, immunized animals often become ill because of the toxic effects of the immunogens used. This study was conducted to evaluate the toxic and immunogenic activities of crude and detoxified Tityus serrulatus (Ts) venom in sheep during the production of anti-scorpionic anti-venom. Sheep were categorized into three groups: G1, control, immunized with buffer only; G2, immunized with crude Ts venom; and G3, immunized with glutaraldehyde-detoxified Ts venom. All animals were subjected to clinical exams and supplementary tests. G2 sheep showed mild clinical changes, but the other groups tolerated the immunization program well. Specific antibodies generated in animals immunized with either Ts crude venom or glutaraldehyde-detoxified Ts venom recognized the crude Ts venom in both assays. To evaluate the lethality neutralization potential of the produced sera, individual serum samples were pre-incubated with Ts crude venom, then subcutaneously injected into mice. Efficient immune protection of 56.3% and 43.8% against Ts crude venom was observed in G2 and G3, respectively. Overall, the results of this study support the use of sheep and glutaraldehyde-detoxified Ts venom for alternative production of specific anti-venom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina G Ferreira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG 31275-013, Brazil
| | - Clara G Duarte
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Maira S Oliveira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG 31275-013, Brazil
| | - Karen L P Castro
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Maílson S Teixeira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG 31275-013, Brazil
| | - Lílian P G Reis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG 31275-013, Brazil
| | - José A Zambrano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG 31275-013, Brazil
| | - Evanguedes Kalapothakis
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia R M Michel
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, BA 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Benito Soto-Blanco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG 31275-013, Brazil
| | - Carlos Chávez-Olórtegui
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Marília M Melo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG 31275-013, Brazil
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Ribeiro E, Melo M. Proteínas do soro sanguíneo de cães inoculados com veneno de Tityus serrulatus. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352012000100031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - M.M. Melo
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
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Guimarães P, Pinto M, Melo M. Perfis clínico e hematológico de camundongos submetidos ao envenenamento escorpiônico experimental por Tityus fasciolatus. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352011000600015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Estudou-se o quadro clínico do veneno decorrente do envenenamento por Tityus fasciolatus e sua ação refletida nos componentes hematológicos no modelo murino. Para o estudo do perfil hematológico, foram utilizados 54 camundongos Swiss CF1, machos, com 30g, distribuídos em três grupos (G) (n=18) inoculados via subcutânea com: 50µL de PBS (G1); 24µg de veneno de T. fasciolatus (G2) e 8µg de veneno de T. serrulatus (G3). Cada grupo foi subdividido em três subgrupos (n=6) de acordo com o momento da coleta de sangue que foi estipulada em uma, oito e 24h após a inoculação do veneno, e foram realizados o hemograma e a dosagem de proteínas totais e fracionadas. O veneno de T. fasciolatus na dose de 24µg causou piloereção, comportamento nociceptivo, secreção nasal e oral acentuada, dispneia, prurido na face e reflexos exacerbados. No exame hematológico, foram observadas policitemia relativa e leucocitose com linfocitose.
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Pinto M, Melo M, Costa M, Labarrere C. Hematological and biochemical profiles of rats submitted to experimental poisoning with Tityus serrulatus venom. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352010000200015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The hematological and biochemical profiles of newly weaned rats submitted to experimental poisoning with T. serrulatus venom were evaluated. Fifteen recently weaned male Wistar rats (mean weight 130g) were distributed into three equal groups (n = 5). Animals in the control group (group A) received a subcutaneous injection of 400μL of ultra-pure water, while those in the experimental groups received, by identical route, 400μL of a solution containing 100μg (group B) or 450μg (group C) of scorpion venom dissolved in ultra-pure water. Red blood cells indexes, and differential leukocyte and total platelet counts were determined, together with levels of serum glucose, urea, creatinine, lactic dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, amylase, insulin, and cortisol. No significant differences between the control and experimental groups regarding red blood cells indexes were found. In contrast, significant increases (P<0.05) in neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes were observed in animals from groups B and C compared with the control group, while the number of platelets decreased. Serum glucose concentration remained unchanged in all groups, but important alterations were observed in the values of urea and creatinine. The results show that scorpion venom was detrimental to renal function as demonstrated by the altered urea and creatinine levels. Pancreatic function was also impaired, as revealed by the increase in amylase activity and the reduction in insulin levels.
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