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Sarich JM, Stanford K, Schwartzkopf-Genswein KS, McAllister TA, Blakley BR, Penner GB, Ribeiro GO. Effect of increasing concentration of ergot alkaloids in the diet of feedlot cattle: performance, welfare, and health parameters. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad287. [PMID: 37638650 PMCID: PMC10506379 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the effects of feeding increasing dietary concentrations of ergot alkaloids from cereal grains (EA; 0, 0.75, 1.5, 3.0 mg/kg of dietary DM) to feedlot cattle over backgrounding (BG) and finishing (FS) phases on health, welfare, and growth performance. Two hundred and forty commercial steers (280 ± 32 kg BW) were stratified by weight and randomly allocated to 16 pens (15 steers/pen), 4 of which were equipped with the GrowSafe system (1 pen/treatment) to measure individual feed intake. Each pen was randomly assigned to a treatment (n = 4/treatment). Treatments included 1) control (CTRL), no added EA; 2) CTRL + 0.75 mg/kg EA (EA075); 3) CTRL + 1.5 mg/kg EA (EA150); and 4) CTRL + 3.0 mg/kg EA (EA300). Steers were fed barley-based BG diets containing 40% concentrate: 60% silage (DM basis) for 84 d. Steers were then transitioned over 28 d to an FS diet (90% concentrate: 10% silage DM basis) and fed for 119 d before slaughter. The diet fed to EA300 steers was replaced with the CTRL diet after 190 d on feed (DOF), due to EA-induced hyperthermia starting at 165 DOF. In the BG phase, average meal length (P = 0.01) and size (P = 0.02), daily feeding duration (P = 0.03), final body weight (BW; P = 0.03), and total BW gain (P = 0.02) linearly decreased with increasing EA levels, while gain to feed (G:F) responded quadratically (P = 0.04), with EA150 having the poorest value. Increasing concentrations of EA in the diet linearly increased rectal temperature (P < 0.01) throughout the trial. Over the full FS phase, a quadratic response was observed for ADG (P = 0.05), final BW (P = 0.05), total BW gain (P = 0.02), and carcass weight (P = 0.05) with steers fed EA150 having the lowest performance, as EA300 steers were transferred to CTRL diet after 190 DOF. Dressing percentage (P = 0.02) also responded quadratically, with the lowest values observed for EA300. Thus, EA reduced ADG during BG and FS phases, although more prominently in FS, likely due to increased ambient temperatures and high-energy diet in FS triggering hyperthermia. When EA300 steers were transferred to the CTRL diet, compensatory gain promoted higher hot carcass weight (HCW) when compared with steers fed EA150. In conclusion, feeding feedlot steers diets with > 0.75 mg/kg EA caused reductions in performance and welfare concerns, although this breakpoint may be affected by duration of feeding, environmental temperatures, and EA profiles in the feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna M Sarich
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5A8
| | - Kim Stanford
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Arts and Science, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1K 3M4
| | | | - Tim A McAllister
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1J 4B1
| | - Barry R Blakley
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5B4
| | - Gregory B Penner
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5A8
| | - Gabriel O Ribeiro
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5A8
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Peretti S, Rosa VD, Zotti MLAN, Prestes AM, Ferraz PFP, da Silva AS, Zotti CA. Thermoregulation and Performance of Dairy Cows Subjected to Different Evaporative Cooling Regimens, with or without Pepper Extract Supplementation. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12223180. [PMID: 36428407 PMCID: PMC9686574 DOI: 10.3390/ani12223180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate whether there is an interaction between pepper extract (PE) supplementation and evaporative cooling regimens on the performance, thermal comfort, and metabolism of lactating cows. The experiment was designed as a double 4 × 4 Latin square using eight multiparous Holstein cows (days in milk 147 ± 43.8 days). Treatments were a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement; two evaporative cooling regimens [sprinkler cycles of 30 s on and 4.5 min off (R5) and 30 s on and 9.5 min off (R10)] were combined with no inclusion of pepper extract (CT) or 800 mg/cow daily of PE. The inclusion of PE allowed a greater reduction in the surface temperature of the coat, and the cows remained for longer periods in the feeding area. There was an interaction between the use of PE and the climate regimen for surface temperature, which was lower for PER5. Cows experiencing greater intermittency in the spraying cycles (R10) spent 35% more time at the feeding area. A significant interaction was observed for milk production, with greater production for CTR5 compared to the other treatments. The feed efficiency for R5 was higher than that for R10. The R5 treatment combined with PE reduced water intake. There was no significant difference in serum parameters other than gamma-glutamyl transferase, with an interaction between treatments and greater activity for PER10, and total protein and albumin, which had cooling effects that were higher for R10. The two factors tested interfered in different and dissociated ways. The evaporative cooling strategies were effective, and the R5 treatment resulted in higher feed efficiency and milk production. The inclusion of PE enhanced heat reduction in cows when they were subjected to a cooling regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidinei Peretti
- Graduate Program in Animal Health and Production, University of the West of Santa Catarina (UNOESC), Rua Dirceu Giordani, n.696, Jardim Taruma, Santa Catarina, Xanxerê 89820-000, Brazil
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (C.A.Z.)
| | - Viviane Dalla Rosa
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Santa Catarina (UDESC), St. Beloni Trombeta Zanin, 680E, Santa Catarina, Chapecó 89815-630, Brazil
| | - Maria Luísa Appendino Nunes Zotti
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Santa Catarina (UDESC), St. Beloni Trombeta Zanin, 680E, Santa Catarina, Chapecó 89815-630, Brazil
| | - Alan Miranda Prestes
- Graduate Program in Animal Health and Production, University of the West of Santa Catarina (UNOESC), Rua Dirceu Giordani, n.696, Jardim Taruma, Santa Catarina, Xanxerê 89820-000, Brazil
| | | | - Aleksandro Schafer da Silva
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Santa Catarina (UDESC), St. Beloni Trombeta Zanin, 680E, Santa Catarina, Chapecó 89815-630, Brazil
| | - Claiton André Zotti
- Graduate Program in Animal Health and Production, University of the West of Santa Catarina (UNOESC), Rua Dirceu Giordani, n.696, Jardim Taruma, Santa Catarina, Xanxerê 89820-000, Brazil
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (C.A.Z.)
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Factors influencing embryo quantity and quality in donor cows from Latvian Blue, Latvian Brown, and Danish Red breeds at risk in Latvia. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kuczyńska B, Puppel K, Gołębiewski M, Wisniewski K, Przysucha T. Metabolic profile according to the parity and stage of lactation of high-performance Holstein-Friesian cows. Anim Biosci 2020; 34:575-583. [PMID: 32819070 PMCID: PMC7961295 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.20.0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of the study was to determine the effect of parity and the stage of lactation on the metabolic profile of cows based on the basic chemical milk components and the blood parameters. Methods The study material consisted of high-yielding Holstein-Friesian cows. In total, 473 cows were examined. According to the parity, cows were divided into four groups: primiparous (P), and multiparous in the second (M2), in the third (M3), and in subsequent lactations (M4). The feeding of cows was based on total mixed ration (TMR) ad libitum. Milk and blood samples were collected individually from each cow three times per standard lactation period. Results Greater exacerbation of changes in the dynamics of the blood plasma parameters examined was proved for multiparous cows. The highest value of β-hydroxybutyrate acid (0.946 mmol/L) was found for multiparous cows from group M3 at the beginning of lactation. However, it was still in the normal range. The results showed aspartate aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activities in dairy cows during lactation had significant variations taking in to account stage of lactation. The highest activity of GGT was found in the group of the oldest cows and measured from 26.36 U/L at the beginning of lactation to 48.75 U/L at the end of the lactation period. Conclusion The time-related changes in the concentrations of the biochemical parameters described differ markedly among lactating cows, though the housing conditions on the research dairy farm are highly standardised. This indicates that the ability to cope with metabolic stress is mainly affected by the individual predispositions of cows and feed nutrient supply in different stage of lactation. Especially, the feed nutrient supply (in net energy for lactation), which was the best in TMR 1 in comparison TMR 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Kuczyńska
- Department of Animal Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, PL-02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamila Puppel
- Department of Animal Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, PL-02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Gołębiewski
- Department of Animal Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, PL-02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Konrad Wisniewski
- Department of Animal Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, PL-02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Przysucha
- Department of Animal Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, PL-02-786 Warsaw, Poland
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Santos JFD, Rego ROD, Afonso JAB, Soares PC, Mendonça CLD. Biomarcadores sanguíneos e no líquido peritoneal de bovinos acometidos com enfermidades intestinais e reticulites traumáticas. CIÊNCIA ANIMAL BRASILEIRA 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1809-6891v21e-50941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar simultaneamente biomarcadores no sangue e no líquido peritoneal (LP) de bovinos com enfermidades intestinais (GI n=14) e reticulites traumáticas (GII n=13). O exame clínico e a coleta de sangue e de LP foram realizadas e, posteriormente, análise física e citológica do LP, bem como as determinações bioquímicas no sangue e no LP. Empregou-se a análise de variância ao nível de 5% de probabilidade comparando os grupos e comparando o sangue e o LP. Em ambos os grupos foram evidenciados sinais de apatia, desidratação e hipomotilidade reticuloruminal, porém os animais do GI apresentaram alterações clínicas mais expressivas. À análise citológica do LP No sangue as concentrações de PT, globulina, colesterol e GGT foram superiores no GII (P<0,05), e a relação A/G foi maior no GI (P<0,05). No LP a albumina e a CK foram superiores no GI (P<0,05). Na comparação entre o sangue e LP, destacou-se o aumento significativo do lactato L no LP de ambos os grupos (P<0,05), caracterizando a gravidade das alterações presentes na cavidade abdominal. Recomendase a avaliação simultânea no sangue e no LP do lactato L como informação de auxílio diagnóstico e prognóstico das enfermidades digestivas dos bovinos.
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Amaral FP, Grazziotin RCB, Machado MC, Hasse L, Frata M, Blanco CS, Gonçalves FM, Ribeiro-Filho HMN, Bermudes RF, Del Pino FAB, Corrêa MN, Brauner CC. Limits of grape byproduct inclusion in diets for lambs: Zinc supplementation to prevent copper poisoning. Res Vet Sci 2019; 124:334-337. [PMID: 31048181 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aims of the current study were to assess the inclusion levels of grape byproduct replacing jiggs hay in lambs diets and to evaluate signs of copper poisoning. Thirty-four Texel and Corriedale crossbred female lambs were used in a randomized block experimental design. The treatments comprised four levels of grape byproduct (0; 100; 200 and 300 g/kg DM) in replacement of jiggs hay. The diets were adjusted to the same ZnCu ratio (6:1) of the basal diet. Grape byproduct consumption at up to 30%, led to similar weight gain in the different treatments (P = .92), which was suitable for growing lambs. Grape byproduct in the diet had linear effect on GGT (P < .001) and AST (P < .0001) enzymes as well as on total bilirubin (P = .05). In addition, the highest grape byproduct addition showed the highest consumption of hay (P < .01). Hay replacement by grape byproduct at up to 300 g/kg in the DM was satisfactory to weight gain and did not negatively affect feed intake and weight gain of growing lambs. Maintaining zinc:copper ratio in sheep diets is not effective in preventing liver damage caused by increased dietary copper concentrations over a period of 70 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- F P Amaral
- NUPEEC - Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário, CEP: 96160-000 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - R C B Grazziotin
- NUPEEC - Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário, CEP: 96160-000 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - M C Machado
- NUPEEC - Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário, CEP: 96160-000 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - L Hasse
- NUPEEC - Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário, CEP: 96160-000 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - M Frata
- NUPEEC - Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário, CEP: 96160-000 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - C S Blanco
- Guatambu Estância do Vinho - BR 293, km 265, Campanha Gaúcha, CEP 96450-000 Dom Pedrito, RS, Brazil
| | - F M Gonçalves
- Núcleo de Gestão Ambiental na Produção Animal (Núcleo GAPA), Centro de Integração do MERCOSUL, R. Andrade Neves, 1529, CEP 96020-080 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - H M N Ribeiro-Filho
- UDESC - Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Av. Luiz de Camões, 2090, Bairro Conta Dinheiro, CEP: 88520-000 Lajes, SC, Brazil
| | - R F Bermudes
- NUPEEC - Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário, CEP: 96160-000 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - F A B Del Pino
- NUPEEC - Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário, CEP: 96160-000 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - M N Corrêa
- NUPEEC - Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário, CEP: 96160-000 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - C C Brauner
- NUPEEC - Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário, CEP: 96160-000 Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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