Câncer de estômago: fatores de risco

Serum microRNA-381: A Potential Marker for Early Diagnosis of Gastric Cancer

PURPOSE

The purpose of this study was to explore the potential early diagnostic value of serum microRNA-381(miRNA-381) in patients with gastric cancer (GC).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC) and early gastric cancer (EGC), as well as healthy individuals, were enrolled in this study. Expression of miRNA-381 in serum was detected using real-time quantitative PCR. Electrochemiluminescence analysis was used to investigate the expression of classic tumor markers, including carbohydrate antigen (CA) 199, CA724, and carcinoembryonic antigen. Finally, receiver operating characteristic curve and Kaplan-Meier analysis were used to determine the value of miRNA-381 in clinical diagnosis of GC.

RESULTS

miRNA-381 was differentially expressed among the study groups. AUC analysis showed that the sensitivity and specificity of serum miRNA-381 in the diagnosis of GC were superior to those of other tumor markers. Furthermore, low levels of miRNA-381 expression were positively correlated with lymph node metastasis and AGC. Finally, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that down-regulation of miRNA-381 was associated with lymph node metastasis and the development of GC.

CONCLUSION

miRNA381, which was down-regulated in GC, might be a novel early diagnosis marker for patients with GC.

Environment and cancer in Brazil: an overview from a public health perspective

This paper presents the current pattern of cancer incidence in Brazil by analyzing the country's cancer epidemiological profile. The authors highlight the observed overlapping distribution of cancer incidence in Brazil in tumor sites normally associated with higher socioeconomic status (cancers of the breast, prostate, and colon/rectum, among others) and poverty (cervix, stomach, oral cavity, and penis). In addition to analyzing the demographic and social characteristics associated with current epidemiological distribution of cancer in Brazil, the authors present several of the most important environmental risk factors (smoking and exposure to radiation, pesticides, and other chemicals) and discuss their respective exposure levels in the Brazilian context. The article concludes with an evaluation of the principal challenges facing environmental cancer control programs in Brazil, particularly focusing on smoking and exposure to chemicals.

Câncer gástrico: fatores de risco em clientes atendidos nos serviços de atenção terciária em um município do interior paulista

Realizamos o presente estudo com clientes com diagnóstico de câncer gástrico e submetidos a cirurgia, com o objetivo de identificar a exposição aos fatores de risco para a doença. Foram sujeitos do estudo 24 clientes que concordaram em participar através da assinatura do termo de consentimento livre, respondendo a um instrumento semi-estruturado, elaborado segundo a perspectiva do Campo de Saúde. A análise dos dados possibilitou identificar que 50,1% apontaram como fatores responsáveis dieta inadequada, tabagismo, etilismo e problemas psicológicos. Dentre o consumo de alimentos considerados de risco, encontramos tendência de maior consumo de enlatados, embutidos, defumados, churrasco e frituras, além de indicação de dietas com alto teor de sódio. Fumantes foram encontrados 66,7% ou que já fumaram e 70,8% indicaram consumo de bebida alcoólica, preferencialmente cerveja e destilados. Esses dados indicam a necessidade de implementação de programas educativos que visem o esclarecimento sobre os fatores de risco com vistas à promoção da saúde.