Impacto da Estratégia Saúde da Família com equipe de saúde bucal sobre a utilização de serviços odontológicos

Association of Oral Health Teams implantation with collective actions and extractions in Paraná State, Brazil

This article aims to monitor the indicators of outpatient production of Dentistry and to evaluate the association of collective action and extraction indicators with the number of Oral Health Teams (OHT) between 2006 and 2015 in Paraná. In this longitudinal ecological study, consolidated secondary data were analyzed (collective actions of supervised brushing-SB, topical application of fluoride-TAF, fluoride mouthwash-FM, oral examination for epidemiological purposes-OE and extractions of permanent teeth-EX) from the Ambulatory Information System (SIA-SUS) and OHT numbers from the National Registry System of Health Establishments. Descriptive analyzes and Pearson's correlation were performed, with significance level of p<0.05. It was verified the increase of the OHT implantation over time and a strong positive correlation with collective procedures of SB (r=0.78; p=0.007) and FM (r=0.76; p=0.011) and moderate negative correlation with EX (r=-0.53). It was concluded that the evaluated indicators showed that the implementation of Oral Health Teams may have contributed to changes to the healthcare model, with an increase in preventive collective procedures and reduction of tooth loss in Paraná.

Trabalho e poder na Secretaria Municipal de Saúde: implantação da Política de Saúde Bucal em um município - 2007/2008

RESUMO O artigo analisa a organização do trabalho em uma Secretaria Municipal de Saúde (SMS) e a distribuição do poder setorial, com suas implicações para a implantação da Política de Saúde Bucal, utilizando, para tanto, a tipologia do poder setorial proposta por Mario Testa (1992). Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas e observações realizadas nos momentos de avaliação da implantação do Plano Municipal de Saúde. Os resultados do estudo evidenciaram que a organização do trabalho na SMS favoreceu a concentração de poder técnico e administrativo na Coordenação de Saúde Bucal, constituindo-se empecilho para a implantação da Política Nacional de Saúde Bucal no município de Salvador.

[Dialogues on the work process in oral health in Brazil: an analysis based on the PMAQ-AB survey]

The study aimed to: (1) describe the work process in Brazil's oral health teams, based on the essential attributes of primary health care, according to geographic region, type of team, and the municipality's socioeconomic characteristics and (2) verify whether the data in the work process of the oral health teams in the Brazilian National Program to Improve Access and Quality in primary health (PMAQ-AB) were capable of measuring such attributes. This was a nationwide ecological study with data from cycle I of PMAQ-AB. The study included descriptive, exploratory factor, and confirmatory factor analyses (α = 5%). Constructs were analyzed in light of the essential attributes of primary health care (first contact, coordination of care, comprehensiveness, and continuity). The first three constructs and a fourth factor were formed, called dental prosthesis actions. However, the continuity attribute was not formed. The models' goodness-of-fit measures were satisfactory. Factor loads were greater than 0.5, except for the two variables in factor 3. The actions most frequently performed by the oral health teams (> 60%) were in first contact, and the least frequent were those in comprehensiveness, highlighting referrals to specialties (7.6%). There were differences in the work process in oral health teams between regions of the country, type of team, and certification strata (p < 0.05). In conclusion, data on the work process in oral health teams from cycle primary health care in the services' work routine. Further research is recommended on continuity of care. In addition, the oral health teams participating in cycle I of PMAQ-AB should make further progress in actions related to comprehensiveness and coordination of care.

Factors associated with public dental service use by adults in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, 2016

The aim of this study was to investigate the factors associated with public dental care use by adults in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a representative sample of adults aged 35 to 44 years using data from the 2015 Epidemiological Survey of the Oral Health Status of the Population of the State of São Paulo (SBSP-2015). Multivariate logistic regression was performed using variables based on a model proposed by Andersen for predicting access to public dental services. Results: 3,421 (59.9%) adults visited private services and 2,288 (40.1%) visited public services. Prevalence of the use of public dental services was greatest among women (41.8%) and adults with a lower education level (50.2%). Being non-white (OR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.16, 1.50), lower household income (OR = 2.37, 95% CI: 2.11, 2.65), having had toothache (OR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.39, 1.83), and need for endodontic treatment (OR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.85) were associated with public dental service use. Predisposing, enabling, and need factors were associated with public dental care use.

Oral health policy in Brazil between 2003 and 2014: scenarios, proposals, actions, and outcomes

This study examined the implementation of Brazil's National Oral Health Policy by the three governments during the period 2003 to 2014. It provides a general overview of oral health care scenarios and examines institutional proposals and actions developed by the executive branch based on the components of the health care system. A documental analysis was conducted using documents produced by key government agencies. The findings show that there was an increase in the provision and coverage of public dental services between 2003 and 2006 and that rates were maintained to a certain degree in subsequent periods (2007 to 2010 and 2011 to 2014). There was an expansion in government funding, human resources and infrastructure. The amount of funds transferred to state and local governments increased from 83.4 million in 2003 to 916 million in 2014, equivalent to a 10.9 fold increase. However, the use of public dental services remained stable, with only a slight increase from 29.7% in 2003 to 30.7% in 2008, while private service utilization increased from 64.4% in 2003 to 74.3% in 2013. The care model component was given lowest priority by the three governments. This shortcoming influences policy effectiveness and requires the adoption of future measures by healthcare managers and officials to correct the situation.

Oral Health in the Family Health Strategy: analysis of articles published in the period 2004-2014

Abstract This study aimed to conduct an integrative review of scientific literature on the topic of Oral Health in the Family Health Strategy in the period 2004-2014. Articles published in national and international journals (n = 141) were consulted and selected from the electronic Library the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) and from electronic databases PubMed, Lilacs, BBO and Cochrane. The implementation process of oral health teams in the Family Health Strategy was the most frequent thematic variable (18%) of the 15 variables identified. The Northeast was the Brazilian macro-region where the largest number of published articles originated (n = 61). The studies were predominantly quantitative, and the highest number of publications occurred in 2010 (n = 26). We concluded that there is an increasing interest in investigating the context of oral health implementation in the Family Health Strategy, with particular emphasis on theme categories related to the micro-process work and the redefinition of professional identities arising from multidisciplinary work in primary care.

Implementation of dental specialty centers: a descriptive analysis of the current status in the Brazilian territory

This study aimed to assess the current implementation status of Dental Specialty Centers (Centros de Especialidades Odontológicas - CEO) in Brazil. The sample included CEOs implemented up to November 2015 in the 27 Brazilian federative units. Data were obtained directly from the database of the Informatics Department of the Brazilian Unified Health System, according to the National Registry of Health Facilities (NRHF) of Dental Specialty Centers of all Brazilian regions. Primary care data were also collected from the cities with implemented CEOs, including coverage status of the Family Health Strategy (FHS) and number of Oral Health Teams (OHT) I and II, at 2 collection periods (January 2006 and November 2015). There were 1019 CEOs implemented in Brazil, which were unequally distributed among the Brazilian states, with prevalence of implementation of CEOs type II (n=503, 49.4%). The statistical analysis showed significant difference between the three types of CEO (I, II, and III) and the variables of coverage rate (FHS) and number of teams (OHT I, OHT II) at both data collection periods. Although presenting an evolutionary aspect in the implementation of CEOs, the implementation of medium-complexity care in Brazil is disorganized.

Factors associated with last dental visit or not to visit the dentist by Brazilian adolescents: A population-based study

Objectives

We investigated the factors associated with no dental visit within the last two years by adolescents in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, by using data from the Oral Health Conditions of São Paulo state population Project (SBSP-2015) conducted in 2015.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional epidemiological study with a representative sample of adolescents aged 15 to higher years residing in São Paulo State. The examiners were calibrated and dental visits were measured categorically as 1- Less than 1 year, 2- One to two years, 3 - Three years or more, 4- I have never visited the dentist. Based on the literature we dichotomized the outcome in two groups: response 1 plus 2 against response 3 plus 4. Then, Multilevel Poisson Regression (MPR) was used to estimate the prevalence ratios of last dental visit three years or had never been to a dentist by adolescents compared with those who had visited the dentist within the past two years, with contextual variables as the distal level; sociodemographic variables, mesial; and individual variables, proximal level.

Results

A high percentage of adolescents (84.9%) reported visiting the dentist in the last 2 years. Whereas, 626 (11.6%) had not visited the dentist for over 3 years and 188 (3.4%) had never been. A significantly higher proportion of females than males reported visiting the dentist in the past 2 years (p = 0.003). The oral and dental condition was reported as satisfactory by 4,350 respondents (80.6%), and when they accessed the health service, 2,286 (42.3%) went to the public service. Lower mean family income (1.62PR;95%CI;1.36–1.94); ≥ 1,000 inhabitant/Dental Surgeons (1.25PR;95%IC;1.03–1.56);male (1.26PR;95%CI; 1.11–1.43) non-Caucasian ethnicity (Mulatto:1.30PR;95%CI;1.13–1.50 and Black:1.58PR;95%CI;1.29–1.93); dissatisfaction with the oral health condition (1.20PR;95%CI;1.01–1.45),last visit to the public service versus private service (2.26PR; 95%CI;1.91–2.65) and presenting with periodontal disease in the form of dental calculus as the worst situation (1.38PR; 95%CI; 1.16–1.53) were associated with last visit to the dentist.

Conclusions

A high proportion of adolescents had visited the dentist in the last two years. No dental visit within the last two years by adolescents were associated with contextual, health care system, sociodemographic, personal and oral health status, demonstrating that this is a complex phenomenon. Actions to promote regular dental visits by adolescents in Brazil should take these factors into consideration.

Oral Health in the Children's Preventive Health Care Initiative: indicators and goals in a Primary Health Care Service

The objective of this study is to assess fulfillment of the oral health goals of the Children's Preventive Health Care Initiative in 12 Health Units (HU) of a Primary Health Care Service, in Porto Alegre, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, through a cross-sectional analytical study on the annual dental visit coverage in early childhood. The study was comprised of 660 children born in 2010. In relation to the coverage of dental visits for each year of life of children, the health units did not achieve the set targets (100%). However, a considerable number of children (35%) had their first dental visit during the first year of life. In relation to the total number of visits, 22% of the children had never gone to the dentist and only 8% did the recommended four visits. There was a positive correlation between the ratio of the total population and children from ages 0 to 4 years in the area enrolled in the initiative, on the one hand, and the number of dental professionals and coverage in the first year of life in each health unit, on the other. Although few children had adequate follow-up visits in relation to the set targets, the percentage of coverage was higher than that found in the literature.

Associação entre a cobertura de equipes de saúde bucal na saúde da família e o aumento na produção ambulatorial dos municípios brasileiros, 1999 e 2011

Resumo Analisar a associação entre a cobertura populacional de equipes de saúde bucal da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) e a diferença nas taxas de uso de serviços odontológicos públicos nos municípios brasileiros em 1999 e 2011. A amostra contou com 5.507 municípios nos 2 anos. Foram utilizados dados de sistemas de informação oficiais e se procedeu à regressão logística para modelar o incremento nas taxas de procedimentos. Observou-se que 85% dos municípios possuíam equipes de saúde bucal da ESF em 2011 e houve aumentos nas taxas de recursos físicos, humanos e financeiros. A produção odontológica aumentou 49,5% no período. Os municípios que incorporaram mais que 3 equipes de saúde bucal/10 mil habitantes tiveram mais chances de aumentar as taxas de procedimentos coletivos (OR = 1,61; IC95%: 1,23-2,11), preventivos (OR = 2,05; IC95%: 1,56-2,69), restaurações (OR = 2,07; IC95%: 1,58-2,71) e extrações (OR = 1,53; IC95%: 1,19-1,97), após controle por fatores sociodemográficos e relacionados à variação de recursos físicos, humanos e financeiros. A incorporação de equipes de saúde bucal à ESF parece mais efetiva para o aumento de indicadores de uso de serviços odontológicos.

[Building a "Smiling Brazil"? Implementation of the Brazilian National Oral Health Policy in a health region in the State of São Paulo]

This paper is a case study on the implementation of the Brazilian National Oral Health Policy (PNSB), known as "Smiling Brazil", in the cities of the Regional Health Department of Araraquara (DRS III) in São Paulo State. A structured questionnaire was given to the municipal oral health coordinators, an interview with oral health care professionals and managers was conducted, and the official data provided by the Brazilian Ministry of Health were coded to assess the policy's scope: (i) expansion and qualification of actions; (ii) work conditions; (iii) care; (iv) access; and (v) planning and management. The quantitative and qualitative analyses were linked by methods triangulation. In terms of PNSB implementation, the majority of the cities (52.6%) were classified as "good", with 42.1% classified as "bad". Approximately 10 years after launching the PNSB, despite strides in oral health care and access to different levels of care, the cities still experience difficulties in implementing the policy's principles.

[Local government and public dental health services: an analysis of inequality in use]

The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with the use of primary and specialized public dental health services and private services. A population-based household survey was conducted in two cities of Bahia State, Brazil. Key informants provided data on socioeconomic variables and use of dental health services. Organization of the local public dental health service was ranked as worse versus better. Univariate and multivariate polytomous logistic regression was performed. Of the total of 1,290 individuals, 38.76% used private services, 33.80% used public primary care, and 17.29% used both primary care and the Center for Dental Specialties. Less use of both primary care and specialized public services was associated with lower education (OR = 1.47; 95%CI: 1.03-2.10) and worse organization of services (OR = 1.74; 95%CI: 1.22-2.48), when compared to the exclusive use of primary care. The study showed inequality in the use of dental services, even when comparing more homogeneous groups, namely users of public services.

Produções científicas sobre as avaliações no âmbito da Atenção Primária à Saúde no Brasil: uma revisão sistemática

Objetivo: neste momento em que se discute a reorganização dos serviços de saúde do Brasil, o tema da avaliação da atenção primária, em seus termos mais amplos, ganha relevância. Para contribuir para a área, este trabalho descreve uma revisão sistemática que objetivou caracterizar e analisar os processos avaliativos da atenção primária no Brasil. Métodos: a busca de artigos foi feita nas bases de dados PubMed, Lilacs e Scielo, a partir dos descritores “Primary Health Care AND Health Evaluation AND Brazil” restringido o período aos últimos cinco anos (2009 a 2013). Resultados: com a configuração de pesquisa, foram incluídos 42 artigos cujo cenário era a atenção primária no Brasil e que, em suas análises, faziam referência à avaliação dos serviços e programas. Observou-se uma diversidade de metodologias e objetivos dessas avaliações, destacando-se a avaliação dos serviços fornecidos pela Estratégia Saúde da Família (38,1%), a avaliação de serviços (61,9%), o foco no usuário (9,5%) e as pesquisas quantitativas (76%). Os estudos foram realizados predominantemente nas regiões Nordeste (n=15) e Sudeste (n = 13). Conclusão: em função dos achados, pode-se afirmar que as avaliações na atenção primária no Brasil ainda são restritas e localizadas, merecendo ser ampliadas e efetivamente aplicadas, para, assim, aperfeiçoar-se continuamente este processo.

Oral health care after the National Policy on Oral Health - "Smiling Brazil": a case study

In 2004, the National Oral Health Policy (PNSB) - Smiling Brazil was launched. Its guidelines seek to qualify Primary Health Care, ensure comprehensive actions, work on the basis of health surveillance, plan actions in accordance with the epidemiology and information available on the territory, financing and scheduling the research agenda so that the work can be based on scientific evidence. The purpose of this case study was to investigate the perspectives of health care professionals and managers on oral health care after launching the PNSB. For the gathering of information, an oral interview was conducted with health care professionals and managers and direct observation of oral health services. The interpretation of meaning method was used for analysis of the interviews. Approximately 10 years after launching the PNSB, even though the care and the oral health actions have been amplified and qualified, the cities still find it difficult to implement their basic premises.

[The use of dental services among preschool children: a population-based study]

The prevalence and factors associated with the use of dental services in a representative, probabilistic, complex sample with two-stage clusters of preschoolers aged 18 to 36 months was estimated. Structured questionnaires were answered by parents/guardians and the preschoolers were assessed by trained and qualified dental surgeons. In the analysis the corrections for the design effect were considered and the magnitudes of the associations based on logistic regression (OR/IC 95%) were estimated. 809 preschool children were evaluated, 15.5% of which had used dental services. Being older (3.27/1.71-6.24), having higher per capita income (2.65/1.50-4.65), having their own house (1.83/104 -3.23), having access to preventive oral health information (5.44/3.00-9.86), flossing (2.75/1.50-5.02) established higher odds of the use of these service. Not having the experience of caries (0.22/0.13- 0.38) and not having basic lesions in soft tissues (0.10/0.01-0.77) reduced these odds. The prevalence of the use of dental services was low, indicating the need for greater provision of such services and the broadening of preventive actions and health promotion and the greater the odds of use among those with better socio-economic conditions suggests inequality.

Fatores associados ao uso dos serviços de saúde bucal: estudo de base populacional em municípios do Maranhão, Brasil

Objetivou-se avaliar a utilização dos serviços de saúde bucal (SSB) e fatores associados nos municípios com mais de 100 mil habitantes do Maranhão. A amostra de base populacional incluiu 1214 crianças e 1059 adultos. Estimaram-se razões de prevalência (RP) por regressão de Poisson hierarquizada, segundo modelo teórico de Andersen. Mais de 91% das crianças e 71,9% dos adultos não utilizaram os SSB nos seis meses anteriores à entrevista. Dos que utilizaram 48,5% foram atendidos no SUS. Procedimentos preventivos foram mais frequentes que os curativos. Em crianças e adultos fatores predisponentes, facilitadores e de necessidade explicaram o uso de SSB. Em crianças, idade > 2 anos (RP = 5,29), maior escolaridade do chefe da família (RP = 2,37), > 6 consultas pré-natais (RP = 1,69) e necessidade de tratamento dentário (RP = 9,54) associaram-se ao maior uso dos SSB. Nos adultos, maior uso associou-se à maior escolaridade (RP = 2,26), classe econômica A/B (RP = 1,38), autopercepção da saúde boa/muito boa (RP = 1,72) e necessidade de tratamento (RP = 18,25). A utilização dos SSB não é universal, nem equânime e há deficiência na atenção integral, pois serviços de maior complexidade são utilizados por poucos. Menor número de consultas pré-natais parece ser preditor da não utilização dos SSB por crianças.

[Impact of the Family Health Strategy: an analysis in cities in Northeast Brazil with more than 100,000 inhabitants]

This study aimed to analyze the impact of the Family Health Strategy (FHS) on oral health in Northeast Brazil, in 12 municipalities with more than 100 thousand inhabitants. The reference was 20 census tracts, 10 of which in areas with oral health covered by the FHS for at least a year, matched with 10 census tracts without oral health coverage. The total sample included 59,221 individuals. Three possible effects were considered: negative, positive, and absence of effect on the outcomes, based on the prevalence ratio adjusted by Poisson regression. The outcomes "access to collective preventive measures" and "treatment of toothache" indicate a positive effect in the FHS oral health model. However, the outcomes "coverage of tooth extraction" and "restorative treatment" showed either a negative effect or no effect in the majority of the municipalities in the sample. Evidence indicates that within the FHS, the results reflect the local organizational models for oral health care.

Inequalities in access and utilization of dental services: a cross-sectional study in an area covered by the Family Health Strategy

This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the presence of inequalities in the access and use of dental services for people living in the coverage area of the Family Health Strategy (FHS) in Ponta Grossa, Paraná State, Brazil, and to assess individual determinants related to them. The sample consisted of 747 individuals who answered a pre-tested questionnaire. Data analysis was performed by chi-square test and Poisson regression analysis, obtaining explanatory models for recent use and, by limiting the analysis to those who sought dental care, for effective access. Results showed that 41% of the sample had recent dental visits. The lowest visit rates were observed among preschoolers and elderly people. The subjects who most identified the FHS as a regular source of dental care were children. Besides age, better socioeconomic conditions and the presence of a regular source of dental care were positively associated to recent dental visits. We identified inequalities in use and access to dental care, reinforcing the need to promote incentives to improve access for underserved populations.

Determinantes individuais da utilização de serviços odontológicos por adultos e idosos de baixa renda

A utilização de serviços odontológicos resulta da interação de determinantes biológicos com fatores socioculturais, familiares e comunitários, bem como de características dos sistemas de saúde. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar os fatores individuais associados à utilização de serviços odontológicos por parte de adultos e idosos de baixa renda residentes na área de abrangência da Estratégia Saúde da Família, em Ponta Grossa, PR. A amostra constou de 246 indivíduos, com 35 anos de idade ou mais, que responderam a um questionário sobre condições socioeconômicas, necessidade percebida e acesso a serviços odontológicos. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio de regressão logística, segundo referencial teórico baseado no Modelo Comportamental de Andersen, considerando a consulta odontológica não recente como variável dependente. Verificou-se elevada prevalência de problemas bucais auto-referidos e de perdas dentárias. Cerca de 40% dos adultos e 67% dos idosos não iam ao dentista há mais de três anos. Indivíduos que não residiam em domicílios próprios, realizavam higiene bucal com menor frequência e utilizavam próteses totais apresentaram maiores chances de haver utilizado os serviços odontológicos há mais tempo. O fato de possuir um dentista regular foi identificado como fator de proteção na análise. Concluindo, os determinantes individuais mostraram-se importantes indicadores de acesso aos serviços de saúde bucal. O modelo teórico confirmou a presença de desigualdades sociais e psicossociais na utilização de serviços odontológicos entre os adultos e idosos de baixa renda.