Prevalência e fatores associados à percepção de ocorrência de corrimento vaginal patológico entre gestantes

Habits of Genital Hygiene and Sexual Activity among Women with Bacterial Vaginosis and/or Vulvovaginal Candidiasis

OBJECTIVE

 To evaluate genital hygiene among women with and without bacterial vaginosis (BV) and/or vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC).

METHODS

 A cross-sectional study of reproductive-aged women who underwent gynecological and laboratory tests and fulfilled a genital hygiene questionnaire.

RESULTS

 This study evaluated 166 healthy controls and 141 women diagnosed with either BV (n = 72), VVC (n = 61), or both (n = 8). The use of intimate soap and moist wipes after urination was more frequent among healthy women (p = 0.042 and 0.032, respectively). Compared to controls, bactericidal soap was more used by women with BV (p = 0.05).

CONCLUSION

 Some hygiene habits were associated to BV and/or VVC. Clinical trials should address this important issue in women's health.

Actual and predicted prevalence of alcohol consumption during pregnancy in Latin America and the Caribbean: systematic literature review and meta-analysis

Objective

To estimate the prevalence of alcohol consumption during pregnancy among the general population of Latin America and the Caribbean, by country, in 2012.

Methods

Three steps were taken: a comprehensive, systematic literature search; meta-analyses, assuming a random-effects model for countries with published studies; and regression modelling (data prediction) for countries with either no published studies or too few to obtain an estimate.

Results

Based on 24 existing studies, the pooled prevalence of alcohol consumption during pregnancy among the general population was estimated for Brazil (15.2%; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 10.4%–20.8%) and Mexico (1.2%; 95%CI: 0.0%–2.7%). The prevalence of alcohol consumption during pregnancy among the general population was predicted for 31 countries and ranged from 4.8% (95%CI: 4.2%–5.4%) in Cuba to 23.3% (95%CI: 20.1%–26.5%) in Grenada.

Conclusions

Greater prevention efforts and measures are needed in the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean to prevent pregnant women from consuming alcohol during pregnancy and decrease the rates of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder. Additional high quality studies on the prevalence of alcohol consumption during pregnancy in Latin America and the Caribbean are also needed.

Preterm premature rupture of the fetal membranes: association with sociodemographic factors and maternal genitourinary infections

OBJECTIVE

this study aimed to investigate the incidence of premature rupture of fetal membranes in preterm singleton pregnancies and its association with sociodemographic factors and maternal self-reported genitourinary infections.

METHODS

this was a population-based cross-sectional study, which included all mothers of newborns of singleton deliveries that occurred in 2010, with birth weight ≥ 500 grams, who resided in the city of Rio Grande. Women were interviewed in the two maternity hospitals. Cases were women who had lost amniotic fluid before hospitalization and whose gestational age was less than 37 weeks. Statistical analysis was performed by levels to control for confounding factors using Poisson regression.

RESULTS

of the 2,244 women eligible for the study, 3.1% had preterm premature rupture of fetal membranes, which was more frequent, after adjustment, in women of lower socioeconomic status, (prevalence ratio [PR]=1.94), with lower level of schooling (PR=2.43), age > 29 years (PR=2.49), and smokers (PR=2.04). It was also associated with threatened miscarriage (PR=1.68) and preterm labor, (PR=3.40). There was no association with maternal urinary tract infection or presence of genital discharge.

CONCLUSIONS

the outcome was more common in puerperal women with lower level of schooling, lower socioeconomic status, older, and smokers, as well as those with a history of threatened miscarriage and premature labor. These factors should be considered in the prevention, diagnosis, and therapy approach.

Pathological Vaginal Discharge among Pregnant Women: Pattern of Occurrence and Association in a Population-Based Survey

This study aimed to assess the prevalence of pathological vaginal discharge and to describe risk factors associated with pregnant women. All women living in the city of Rio Grande, Southern Brazil, who gave birth in 2010 were included in the study. A standardized questionnaire was administered to collect information on demographic, reproductive, and health-related factors and morbidity during pregnancy. The chi-square test was used to compare proportions, and multivariate Poisson regression with robust variance was performed. Of the 2,395 women studied, 43% had pathological vaginal discharge during pregnancy. The adjusted analysis showed that younger women of lower socioeconomic condition, those with a past history of abortion, vaginal discharge in a previous pregnancy, and treated for depression, anemia, and urinary tract infection during their current pregnancy, were more likely to have pathological vaginal discharge. Vaginal discharge during pregnancy was highly prevalent in the sample studied calling for proper risk factor management at the primary care level.

Atividade física durante a gestação e associação com indicadores de saúde materno-infantil

OBJETIVO: Analisar fatores associados à prática de atividade física durante a gestação e sua relação com indicadores de saúde materno-infantil. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal realizado com todos os nascimentos ocorridos em maternidades no município de Rio Grande, RS, durante o ano de 2007 (N = 2.557). As informações foram obtidas por entrevista, por meio de um questionário pré-codificado aplicado às mães. Os desfechos de saúde materno-infantil analisados foram: hospitalização durante a gravidez, parto por cesárea, prematuridade (idade gestacional menor de 37 semanas), baixo peso ao nascer (< 2.500 g) e morte fetal. RESULTADOS: Relataram ter praticado atividade física durante a gestação 32,8% (IC95% 31,0;34,6) das mães. Os fatores associados à prática de atividade física na gestação, após ajustes para possíveis confundidores, foram: idade materna (associação inversa), escolaridade (associação direta), ser primigesta, ter feito pré-natal, e ter recebido orientação para a prática de exercícios durante o pré-natal. Mulheres que praticaram atividade física durante a gestação mostraram menor probabilidade de realização de cesariana e de terem filho natimorto. Não houve associação entre atividade física e parto prematuro, hospitalização e baixo peso ao nascer. CONCLUSÕES: Apenas um terço das mães relatou ter praticado atividade física durante a gestação. Esse comportamento foi mais frequente entre mulheres mais jovens, com maior escolaridade e que receberam orientação. Mulheres que praticaram atividade física durante a gestação realizaram menos cesarianas e tiveram menor ocorrência de natimorto.

Tabagismo materno durante a gestação e medidas antropométricas do recém-nascido: um estudo de base populacional no extremo sul do Brasil

Este estudo transversal de base populacional teve por objetivo investigar a prevalência de tabagismo materno durante a gestação e seu impacto sobre as medidas antropométricas do recém-nascido. Aplicou-se questionário padronizado a todas as parturientes nas maternidades do Município de Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, em 2007. Foram obtidas medidas de peso, comprimento e perímetros cefálico dos recém-nascidos. A prevalência do tabagismo materno na gestação foi de 23%, enquanto a prevalência da exposição passiva ao fumo foi de 29%. Após ajuste para possíveis fatores de confusão, comparados aos recém-nascidos de mães que nunca fumaram, aqueles nascidos de mães fumantes durante toda a gestação tiveram ao nascer, em média, redução de 223,4g (IC95%: 156,7; 290,0) no peso, de 0,94cm (IC95%: 0,60; 1,28) no comprimento e de 0,69cm (IC95%: 0,42; 0,95) no perímetro cefálico. Concluiu-se que a prevalência de tabagismo materno na gestação é alta no Município de Rio Grande. Tabagismo materno durante toda a gestação teve impacto negativo nas medidas antropométricas do recém-nascido.