[Personality factors as predictors of alcohol consumption by university students]

[Individual and contextual factors associated with smoking among young Brazilian adults]

Young people receive special attention regarding smoking as it is a period of life in which the use of this and other substances generally starts and is consolidated. There are no studies on risk factors associated with young adults with a representative sample from Brazil that take into consideration individual and contextual aspects. The objective was to identify factors associated with smoking among young Brazilian adults aged 18 to 24 years, considering the combined influence of individual and contextual factors assessed through the Municipal Human Development Index (MHDI). It involved a cross-sectional, population-based study that used data from the 2019 National Health Survey. Using the Poisson multilevel model with robust variance for estimating the Prevalence Ratio, individual variables were analyzed, and the MHDI as a contextual variable in each Federative Unit. In addition to individual factors, the MHDI was also associated with smoking among young people, with an increase in the prevalence of tobacco consumption among young people as the state's MHDI increases (p<0.001), indicating that living in a state with better conditions according to the MHDI, socioeconomic status is associated with a higher probability of young people smoking when compared to those residing in other states.

Changes in personality traits in patients with Alzheimer's Disease

Changes in personality traits in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) are extremely common throughout the course of the pathology, and these behavioral changes present themselves as challenges in clinical management and as a significant cause of caregivers’ burden.

Use of Instagram, Social Comparison, and Personality as Predictors of Self-Esteem

Abstract In the face of a population that is increasingly connected electronically, the objective of this research was to test the predictive power of Instagram’s use intensity, social comparison and the five major personality factors of self-esteem. The survey, made available on the internet with sociodemographic questions and four scales, was answered by 625 Brazilians, of which 63.7% were women. The results indicated neuroticism and social comparison (abilities factor) as negative predictors of self-esteem. Extraversion, agreeableness, consciousness, social comparison (opinions factor), and age were shown to be positive predictors of self-esteem. For women, the higher the intensity of Instagram’s use, the lower the levels of self-esteem. The negative relationship between self-esteem and the intensity of Instagram use was mediated by social comparison (suppression effect). It is suggested that the harm of using the social network relates to the activity of comparing himself to other people.

Personality Profiles and Frequent Heavy Drinking in Young Adulthood

Few studies examining the link between personality and alcohol use have adopted a comprehensive modeling framework to take into account individuals' profiles across multiple personality traits. In this study, latent profile analysis (LPA) was applied to a national sample of young adults in the United States to identify subgroups defined by their profiles of mean scores on the Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness personality factors. Personality profiles were then used to predict heavy drinking. Five profiles were identified: Reserved, Rigid, Confident, Ordinary, and Resilient. Compared to individuals in the Ordinary profile, those with Reserved and Resilient profiles were at increased risk of frequent heavy drinking. These findings suggest which comprehensive personality profiles may place individuals at risk for problematic alcohol-related outcomes.

Fatores associados à prática do binge drinking entre estudantes da área da saúde

OBJETIVO:identificar a prevalência do consumo de álcool e a de fatores associados ao binge drinking entre acadêmicos da saúde de uma instituição de ensino superior.MÉTODOS:trata-se de uma pesquisa transversal e analítica, cujo instrumento de coleta foibaseadono Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. A associação entre o binge drinking e demais variáveis foi investigada pela análise bivariada e Regressão Logística.RESULTADOS:a prevalência de uso de álcool foi de 135 estudantes (74,9%) e do binge drinking foi de 44 (15,3%). O binge drinking foi associado ao sexo masculino e ao tipo de religião. Quanto aos prejuízos para a vida acadêmica, o beber problemático esteve associado às faltas escolares, ao baixo desempenho em avaliações, ao envolvimento em brigas ou eventos fora da lei.CONCLUSÃO:houve alta prevalência de consumo de álcool e prejuízos relativos ao desempenho acadêmico estiveram associados ao binge drinking.