Aderência e atividade microbicida de monócitos em portadores de esquistossomose mansônica na forma hepatoesplênica cirúrgica

Clinical hematological and biochemical parameters in Swiss, BALB/c, C57BL/6 and B6D2F1 Mus musculus

BACKGROUND

Animal models are widely used in scientific research in order to obtain information from a whole organism under a specific set of experimental conditions. Various lineages of mice have been used to investigate diseases and new therapeutic strategies, and, consequently, hematological and biochemical tests in these laboratory animals are essential to validate scientific studies. Our study seeks to establish reference values for hematological and biochemical parameters of four lineages of mice.

METHODS

We evaluated the hematological and biochemical profiles of 20 males and 20 females from the lineages Swiss (heterogeneous), BALB/c and C57BL/6 (isogenic), and B6D2F1 (hybrid), totaling 160 mice. Analysis were standardized using the systems pocH-100iV Diff™ for 19 hematological parameters and VITROS® 350 for 12 biochemical parameters.

RESULTS

Results are shown as means and standard deviation, grouped by lineage and genre. Comparing the values obtained in this study with the values from previous studies, some variations were detected, which could be explained by differences in methodologies or individual variability.

CONCLUSION

Thus our study shows that knowledge and disclosure of the values of physiological parameters of laboratory animals is necessary, and emphasises the importance of considering variations influenced by gender, lineage and genotype in the choice of the best experimental model.

[Phagocytes rate and cellular viability of the monocytes in patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis mansoni who underwent splenectomy and auto-implantation of spleen tissue]

Mansonic schistosomiasis remains a medical-social issue in Northeastern Brazil. In children, surgical treatment includes splenectomy and spleen autoimplantation. This procedure reduces post-splenectomy sepsis. The aim of this study was to analyze the phagocyte rate and the cellular viability of monocytes in patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis, who underwent splenectomy and spleen autoimplantation from 1991 to 2001. Of the 22 individuals analyzed, 11 were patients who underwent splenectomy and spleen autoimplantation (Study group) and 11 were healthy individuals from the same region (Control group). Both groups presented similar mean age. No difference was found in the phagocyte rate between the control group (36.1%+/-4.9%) and study group (33.5%+/-5.7%). However, phagocyte viability after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide was higher (94%) in control group, when compared to the study group (65%), p<0.001. It is possible to hypothesize that monocytes from the study group patients presented a reduced response to the microorganism challenge, in the face of a harmful and long-lasting stimulus.

Níveis de superóxido dismutase produzidos por monócitos em portadores de esquistossomose hepatoesplênica submetidos a esplenectomia, ligadura da veia gástrica esquerda e auto-implante de tecido esplênico no omento maior

OBJETIVO: Investigar os níveis de produção de SOD por monócitos periféricos em pacientes jovens portadores de esquistossomose hepatoesplênica submetidos à esplenectomia, ligadura da veia gástrica esquerda e auto-implante de tecido esplênico. MÉTODO: Quatro grupos foram envolvidos na investigação: G1 - 12 portadores de esquistossomose hepatoesplênica (EHE) sem tratamento; G2 - 13 portadores de EHE que receberam tratamento clínico e se submeteram à operação para descompressão do sistema porta: esplenectomia e ligadura da veia gástrica esquerda (EHE/ELGE); G3 - 19 pacientes jovens similares a G2, mas que receberam também auto-implante de tecido esplênico no omento maior (EHE/ELGE/AI); e G4 - 15 indivíduos sem infecção pelo S. mansoni advindos da mesma área geográfica, apresentando as mesmas condições sócio-econômicas (GC). RESULTADOS: Os indivíduos normais (GC - sem esquistossomose) apresentam níveis de SOD significantemente menores que os portadores de EHE sem tratamento (p<0,01); e aqueles do grupo EHE/ELGE (p<0,05). Os níveis de SOD do grupo EHE/ELGE/AI são estatisticamente similares ao grupo GC (p>0,05). CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados corroboram a hipótese de que o tratamento clínico associado à esplenectomia, ligadura da veia gástrica esquerda e auto-implante de tecido esplênico, em portadores jovens de esquistossomose hepatoesplênica, tendem a manter a resposta imune desses indivíduos.

Nitric oxide monocyte production levels in patients with the hepatosplenic form of Scistosoma mansoni infection who underwent splenectomy, ligature of the left gastric vein and auto implantation of spleen tissue in the major omentum

PURPOSE: To measure the levels of NO production by monocytes in patients with the hepatosplenic form of schistosomiasis mansoni who underwent splenectomy, ligature of the left gastric vein and auto implantation of spleen tissue in the major omentum. METHODS: Four groups of volunteers were enrolled in the investigation: G1 - 12 patients with S. mansoni infection in its hepatosplenic form without any kind of treatment (SMH); G2 - 13 SMH patients who underwent medical treatment and portal hypertension decompression splenectomy and ligature of the left gastric vein (SMH/SLGV); G3 - 19 patients similar to the later group, but additionally received auto implantation of spleen morsels in the major omentum (SMH/SLGV/AI); and G4 - 15 individuals with no S. mansoni infection coming from the same geographical area and presenting similar socio economical status (CG). Nitrite production by monocytes was determined by a standard Griess reaction adapted to microplates. The results were presented by mean ± SD for each group. Significant differences in NO production by monocytes were determined by Tukey-Kramer multicomparisons test. Probability values of 0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS: Patients from G1 (SMH) showed lower level of NO production by monocytes (5.28 ± 1.28µmol/ml). Patients from G2 (SMH/SLGV) showed similar results (6.67 ± 0.44µmol/ml - q = 2.681 p > 0.05). Individuals of G4 (CG) showed higher level of NO production by monocytes (8.19 ± 2.74µmol/ml). Patients from G3 (SMH/SGLV/AI) showed similar NO production by PBMC as compared to individuals of G4 (CG) - (7.41 ± 1.65µmol/ml - q = 1.615 p > 0.05). The volunteers from G4 (CG) and G3 (SMH/SLGV/AI) showed significantly greater levels of NO production by monocytes as compared to those from G1 (SMH) - (q = 5.837 p < 0.01, and q = 4.285 p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Collectively, the results point to a restoration of NO normal production by monocytes in SHM patients who underwent medical and surgical treatments, especially in those who had received auto implantation of spleen tissue in the major omentum after splenectomy and ligature of the left gastric vein. The data gives further support to the hypothesis that this additional procedure is important in the restoration of the immune response of these patients, since NO synthesis by the monocytes correlates with protective immunity against infection; thus, protecting them against overwhelming post splenectomy infection.

Esquitossomose mansônica hepatoesplênica humana: produção de TNF-alfa em monócitos

OBJETIVO: Investigar os níveis de liberação de TNF-alfa?em cultura de monócitos em portadores humanos da forma hepatoesplênica de esquistossomose mansônica. MÉTODO: Foram incluídos aleatoriamente, no estudo, 39 voluntários de idades variando entre 15 e 31 anos, 19 homens e 20 mulheres, divididos em três grupos. Grupo 1 (GC) 12 indivíduos sadios, sem esquistossomose. Grupo 2 (AI) 18 indivíduos portadores de esquistossomose mansônica na forma hepatoesplênica, que tinham se submetido a esplenectomia, ligadura da veia gástrica esquerda e auto-implante de tecido esplênico no omento maior, quando tinham idades entre 7 e 16 anos. Esses pacientes receberam oxaminiquine na dose de 20mg/kg 30 dias antes do procedimento cirúrgico. O seguimento médio atual é de cerca de 8 anos. Grupo 3 - pacientes esplenectomizados sem auto-implante esplênico (ESAI) constituído de nove adultos jovens que tinham se submetido à esplenectomia sem auto-implante esplênico e desconexão ázigo-porta. Os pacientes esquistossomóticos dos grupos 2 e 3 tiveram confirmação dessa doença pela presença de fibrose de Symmers nas biópsias hepáticas realizadas durante o ato cirúrgico. Foram colhidos 6 ml de sangue periférico de cada um dos voluntários incluídos no presente estudo, cujos monócitos foram separados por centrifugação e cultivados no meio de cultura CultilabÒ). Amostras de 100ml do sobrenadante da cultura de monócitos (10(6) células/ml), de cada indivíduo dos três grupos, eram colhidos para determinação das concentrações de TNF-alfa. Essa concentração era mensurada pelo estudo colorimétrico de ELISA para citocinas (QuanticininasTM - Sistema R&D), após 4 horas de estimulação com PMA e incubação, em uma atmosfera úmida com 5% de CO² a 37ºC. RESULTADOS: As concentrações de TNF-alfa? não diferiram significantemente nos três grupos estudados [(GC 135,0 ± 51,6 pg/ml; AI 97,0 ± 25,4 pg/ml e ESAI 107,0 ±. 52,1 pg/ml) - ANOVA, F = 0,210; p = 0,813]. CONCLUSÃO: Os achados contribuem para hipótese de que após esplenectomia com ou sem auto-implante esplênico a função dos monócitos, com relação a produção de TNF-alfa, mantém-se preservada.