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Mbaveng AT, Kuete V, Efferth T. Potential of Central, Eastern and Western Africa Medicinal Plants for Cancer Therapy: Spotlight on Resistant Cells and Molecular Targets. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:343. [PMID: 28626426 PMCID: PMC5454075 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a major health hurdle worldwide and has moved from the third leading cause of death in the year 1990 to second place after cardiovascular disease since 2013. Chemotherapy is one of the most widely used treatment modes; however, its efficiency is limited due to the resistance of cancer cells to cytotoxic agents. The present overview deals with the potential of the flora of Central, Eastern and Western African (CEWA) regions as resource for anticancer drug discovery. It also reviews the molecular targets of phytochemicals of these plants such as ABC transporters, namely P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multi drug-resistance-related proteins (MRPs), breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP, ABCG2) as well as the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ErbB-1/HER1), human tumor suppressor protein p53, caspases, mitochondria, angiogenesis, and components of MAP kinase signaling pathways. Plants with the ability to preferentially kills resistant cancer cells were also reported. Data compiled in the present document were retrieved from scientific websites such as PubMed, Scopus, Sciencedirect, Web-of-Science, and Scholar Google. In summary, plant extracts from CEWA and isolated compounds thereof exert cytotoxic effects by several modes of action including caspases activation, alteration of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cancer cells and inhibition of angiogenesis. Ten strongest cytotoxic plants from CEWA recorded following in vitro screening assays are: Beilschmiedia acuta Kosterm, Echinops giganteus var. lelyi (C. D. Adams) A. Rich., Erythrina sigmoidea Hua (Fabaceae), Imperata cylindrical Beauv. var. koenigii Durand et Schinz, Nauclea pobeguinii (Pobég. ex Pellegr.) Merr. ex E.M.A., Piper capense L.f., Polyscias fulva (Hiern) Harms., Uapaca togoensis Pax., Vepris soyauxii Engl. and Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich. Prominent antiproliferative compounds include: isoquinoline alkaloid isotetrandrine (51), two benzophenones: guttiferone E (26) and isoxanthochymol (30), the isoflavonoid 6α-hydroxyphaseollidin (9), the naphthyl butenone guieranone A (25), two naphthoquinones: 2-acetylfuro-1,4-naphthoquinone (4) and plumbagin (37) and xanthone V1 (46). However, only few research activities in the African continent focus on cytotoxic drug discovery from botanicals. The present review is expected to stimulate further scientific efforts to better valorize the African flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armelle T. Mbaveng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of MainzMainz, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of DschangDschang, Cameroon
| | - Victor Kuete
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of MainzMainz, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of DschangDschang, Cameroon
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of MainzMainz, Germany
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Karaman K, Bal A, Aziret M, Ercan M, Bostanci EB, Akoglu M. Which Suture Material is Optimal for Pancreaticojejunostomy Anastomosis? An In Vitro Study. J INVEST SURG 2016; 30:277-284. [DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2016.1240271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kerem Karaman
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Ali Bal
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Aziret
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Metin Ercan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Erdal Birol Bostanci
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Musa Akoglu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
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Kuete V, Dzotam JK, Voukeng IK, Fankam AG, Efferth T. Cytotoxicity of methanol extracts of Annona muricata, Passiflora edulis and nine other Cameroonian medicinal plants towards multi-factorial drug-resistant cancer cell lines. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:1666. [PMID: 27730025 PMCID: PMC5039145 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-3361-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer cells rapidly acquire resistance leading to treatment failures. In the present study, we have evaluated the cytotoxicity of 17 methanol extracts from 11 Cameroonian medicinal plants against the sensitive leukemia CCRF-CEM cells and the best ones were further tested on a panel of 8 other human cancer cell lines, including various MDR phenotypes as well as against the normal AML12 hepatocytes. METHODS The cytotoxicity of the extracts was determined using a resazurin reduction assay meanwhile flow cytometry was used to measure cell cycle, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and reactive oxygen species. RESULTS In an initial screening using leukemia CCRF-CEM cells, ten extracts from five plants namely Alchornea floribunda, Annona muricata, Euphorbia prostata, Pachypodanthium staudtii and Passiflora edulis displayed IC50 values below 20 µg/mL. They were further tested in 8 other cell lines as well as in normal AML12 hepatocytes. All selected extracts were active against leukemia CEM/ADR5000 cells with IC50 value below 40 µg/mL. IC50 values ranging from 10.13 µg/mL (towards CEM/ADR5000 cells) to 72.01 µg/mL [towards resistant colon carcinoma HCT116 (p53-/-) cells] for Pachypodanthium staudtii roots and from 0.11 µg/mL (towards CCRF-CEM cells) to 108 µg/mL (towards P-glycoprotein-over-expressing CEM/ADR5000 cells) for doxorubicin were obtained in the eight other cancer cell lines studied. Extracts from Annona muricata leaves (AML) and seeds (AMS), and Passiflora edulis fruit (PEF) had IC50 values below 1 µg/mL against CCRF-CEM cells and below 10 µg/mL against its MDR subline CEM/ADR5000 cells. AML, AMS and PEF induced MMP-loss-mediated apoptosis in CCRF-CEM cells. CONCLUSIONS Results of the present study suggest that some of the tested plants namely Alchornea floribunda, Annona muricata, Euphorbia prostata, Pachypodanthium staudtii and Passiflora edulis represent a source of anticancer drugs. Annona muricata and Passiflora edulis are good cytotoxic plants that could be exploited to develop phytomedicine to fight mostly hematological cancers including MDR phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Kuete
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Joachim K. Dzotam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Igor K. Voukeng
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Aimé G. Fankam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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Dzotam JK, Touani FK, Kuete V. Antibacterial and antibiotic-modifying activities of three food plants (Xanthosoma mafaffa Lam., Moringa oleifera (L.) Schott and Passiflora edulis Sims) against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:9. [PMID: 26753836 PMCID: PMC4709887 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-0990-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background The present study was designed to investigate the antibacterial activities of the methanol extract of three edible plants, namely Xanthosoma mafaffa, Moringa oleifera and Passiflora edulis and their synergistic effects with some commonly used antibiotics against MDR Gram-negative bacteria expressing active efflux pumps. Methods Broth microdilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of the extracts, as well as those of antibiotics in association with the extracts. Results The phytochemical test indicate that all tested crude extracts contained polyphenols, triterpenes and steroids whilst other phytochemical classes were selectively distributed. Extracts showed antibacterial activities with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 128-1024 μg/mL on the majority of the 19 tested Gram-negative bacterial strains. Extract from the pericarp of P. edulis inhibited the growth of 89.5 % of the 19 tested bacterial strains, the lowest minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 128 μg/mL being recorded against Escherichia coli AG100 strain. In the presence of Phenylalanine-Arginine β-Naphtylamide (PAβN)], an efflux pump inhibitor (EPI), the activity of the extract from X. mafaffa increased on 40 % of tested strains. In combination with antibiotics, extracts of X. mafaffa, M. oleifera and pericarp of P. edulis showed synergistic effects with some antibiotics against more than 75 % of the tested bacteria. Conclusion The results of the present study indicate that the tested plants may be used in the treatment of bacterial infections including the multi-resistant bacteria.
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Zielinsky P, Busato S. Prenatal effects of maternal consumption of polyphenol-rich foods in late pregnancy upon fetal ductus arteriosus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 99:256-74. [PMID: 24339037 PMCID: PMC4065350 DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.21051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fetal circulation has characteristic features, being morphologically and functionally different from extrauterine circulation. The ductus arteriosus plays a fundamental role in directing the blood flow to fetal inferior body parts. Basically, the ductus arteriosus directs 80-85% of the right ventricular output arising from the superior vena cava, coronary sinus, and a small part from the inferior vena cava to descending aorta. Its histological structure is made up predominantly by a thick muscular layer, differently from the aorta and the pulmonary artery, which increases with gestational age. The fibers have a circumferential orientation, especially at the external layers, facilitating and making effective ductal constriction. These factors may generate lumen alterations which may cause fetal and neonatal complications, such as heart failure, hydrops, neonatal pulmonary hypertension, and even death. Classically, maternal administration of indomethacin and/or other antiinflammatory drugs interfere in prostaglandins metabolism, causing ductal constriction. However, many cases of fetal ductal constriction, as well as of persistent neonatal pulmonary artery hypertension, remain without an established etiology, being referred as "idiopathic." In recent years, a growing body of evidence has shown that herbs, fruits, nuts, and a wide diversity of substances commonly used in daily diets have definitive effects upon the metabolic pathway of inflammation, with consequent inhibition of prostaglandins synthesis. This antiinflammatory action, especially of polyphenols, when ingested during the third trimester of pregnancy, may influence the dynamics of fetal ductus arteriosus flow. The goal of this review is to present these new observations and findings, which may influence dietary orientation during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Zielinsky
- are from the Fetal Cardiology Unit, Institute of Cardiology, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Santos OJD, Malafaia O, Ribas-Filho JM, Czeczko NG, Santos RHP, Santos RAP. [Influence of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (aroeira) and Carapa guianensis Aublet (andiroba) in the healing process of gastrorraphies]. ABCD-ARQUIVOS BRASILEIROS DE CIRURGIA DIGESTIVA 2014; 26:84-91. [PMID: 24000017 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-67202013000200003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gastrorraphy isolated or associated with the use of biological adhesives formed throughout the history of surgery the usual way to promote healing in gastric lesions; however, the use of herbal medicine has been increasingly employed to help the wound healing. AIM To evaluate the wound healing caused in the stomach of rats using extract of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi and Carapa guianensis Aublet oil. METHODS Ninety rats, adult males were divided into three groups: aroeira, andiroba and control group, which were subdivided into three subgroups of five animals according to the time of the deaths (seven, 14 and 21 days). All underwent the same surgical procedure (injury and suture the stomach) differing only to the animals in groups aroeira and andiroba that received a daily dose of 100 mg / kg of hydroalcoholic extract and oil, by gavage, while the control group received normal saline. The parameters evaluated were the macroscopic and microscopic test of resistance to air insufflation and test the traction force. RESULTS All animals showed good healing of gastric and abdominal wall without infection and dehiscence. Both groups presented neighboring organs adhesions on the gastric surface. The endurance test for air insufflation showed higher average pressure within seven days and the test revealed greater traction force of rupture between seven and 14 days in groups aroeira and andiroba. The intensity of chronic inflammation revealed statistically significant differences in angiogenesis and fibroblast proliferation. CONCLUSION The use of extract of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi and Carapa guianensis Aublet oil favored the gastric wound healing in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orlando José Dos Santos
- Departmento de Medicina II, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Campus do Bacanga, São Luís, MA, Brasil.
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Lam SK, Ng TB. Passiflin, a novel dimeric antifungal protein from seeds of the passion fruit. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 16:172-180. [PMID: 19200704 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2008.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2008] [Revised: 12/11/2008] [Accepted: 12/22/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The intent was to isolate an antifungal protein from seeds of the passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) and to compare its characteristics with other antifungal proteins and bovine beta-lactoglobulin in view of its N-terminal amino acid sequence similarity to beta-lactoglobulin. The isolation procedure entailed ion-exchange chromatography on Q-Sepharose, hydrophobic interaction chromatography on Phenyl-Sepharose, ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, and FPLC-gel filtration on Superdex 75. The isolated 67-kDa protein, designated as passiflin, exhibited an N-terminal amino acid sequence closely resembling that of bovine beta-lactoglobulin. It is the first antifungal protein found to have a beta-lactoglobulin-like N-terminal sequence. Its dimeric nature is rarely found in antifungal proteins. It impeded mycelial growth in Rhizotonia solani with an IC(50) of 16 microM and potently inhibited proliferation of MCF-7 breast cancer cells with an IC(50) of 15 microM. There was no cross-reactivity of passiflin with anti-beta-lactoglobulin antiserum. Intact beta-lactoglobulin lacks antifungal and antiproliferative activities and is much smaller in molecular size than passiflin. However, it has been reported that hydrolyzed beta-lactoglobulin shows antifungal activity. The data suggest that passiflin is distinct from beta-lactoglobulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Lam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
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Effects of Passiflora edulis flavicarpa on the radiolabeling of blood constituents, morphology of red blood cells and on the biodistribution of sodium pertechnetate in rats. Appl Radiat Isot 2008; 66:1788-92. [PMID: 18586503 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2008.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2007] [Revised: 05/08/2008] [Accepted: 05/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate possible effects of Passiflora edulis flavicarpa (P. flavicarpa) extract on the labeling of blood constituents with (99m)Tc, on the morphology of red blood cells, and on the biodistribution of sodium pertechnetate (sodium (99m)Tc). Male Wistar rats were treated with either P. flavicarpa extract or 0.9% NaCl. After that, radiolabeling of blood constituents, morphological analysis of red blood cells and biodistribution of sodium (99m)Tc was evaluated. Radiolabeling of blood constituents and shape of red blood cells were not modified, but a significant (p<0.05) alteration of the biodistribution of sodium (99m)Tc was observed after treatment with P. flavicarpa extract. Although our results were obtained with animals, they could contribute to reduce the risk of misdiagnosis and/or repetition of the examinations in nuclear medicine.
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