Model of extensive and severe tracheal stenosis in dogs

Effect of cauterizing esophageal mucosa in "double-patch" treatment for acquired benign tracheoesophageal fistula/bronchogastric stump fistula

BACKGROUND

The management of acquired benign tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) and bronchogastric stump fistula (BGSF) is a challenge. This study aimed to assess the "double-patch" technique with or without esophageal mucosa in treating nonmalignant TEF and BGSF.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

We established a dog model with TEF by incising the esophageal and tracheal membranes and suturing them together. The dogs were divided into three groups (n = 12 per group). Groups A and B received a double-patch 7 d later. The esophageal mucosa of the patches was cauterized in the group A dogs, kept intact in group B dogs, and group C dogs did not receive surgical intervention. Tissue healing was measured using hydroxyproline levels.

RESULTS

Morphologic and histopathologic changes of the esophagus were assessed by gross observation of the specimens, hematoxylin and eosin staining, tracheal stenosis index, and hydroxyproline levels. On day 56 after surgery, group A showed a tracheal stenosis index comparable with that of group C (0.140 ± 0.009 versus 0.138 ± 0.014, P = 1.00), whereas group B showed a higher stenosis index (0.170 ± 0.007) than group C (P = 0.029). The hydroxyproline levels were higher in group A than in B and C on day 7 (P = 0.029), and this difference was statistically significant on days 14 and 56 (all P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

The use of an esophageal "double-patch" technique without mucosa showed faster and more stable recovery than patches with mucosa in the repair of acquired nonmalignant complicated TEF and BGSF.