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Muhs A, Lyles JT, Parlet CP, Nelson K, Kavanaugh JS, Horswill AR, Quave CL. Virulence Inhibitors from Brazilian Peppertree Block Quorum Sensing and Abate Dermonecrosis in Skin Infection Models. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42275. [PMID: 28186134 PMCID: PMC5301492 DOI: 10.1038/srep42275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Widespread antibiotic resistance is on the rise and current therapies are becoming increasingly limited in both scope and efficacy. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) represents a major contributor to this trend. Quorum sensing controlled virulence factors include secreted toxins responsible for extensive damage to host tissues and evasion of the immune system response; they are major contributors to morbidity and mortality. Investigation of botanical folk medicines for wounds and infections led us to study Schinus terebinthifolia (Brazilian Peppertree) as a potential source of virulence inhibitors. Here, we report the inhibitory activity of a flavone rich extract "430D-F5" against all S. aureus accessory gene regulator (agr) alleles in the absence of growth inhibition. Evidence for this activity is supported by its agr-quenching activity (IC50 2-32 μg mL-1) in transcriptional reporters, direct protein outputs (α-hemolysin and δ-toxin), and an in vivo skin challenge model. Importantly, 430D-F5 was well tolerated by human keratinocytes in cell culture and mouse skin in vivo; it also demonstrated significant reduction in dermonecrosis following skin challenge with a virulent strain of MRSA. This study provides an explanation for the anti-infective activity of peppertree remedies and yields insight into the potential utility of non-biocide virulence inhibitors in treating skin infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Muhs
- Center for the Study of Human Health, Emory University, 550 Asbury Circle, Candler Library 107E, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - James T. Lyles
- Center for the Study of Human Health, Emory University, 550 Asbury Circle, Candler Library 107E, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Corey P. Parlet
- Department of Microbiology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Kate Nelson
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael St., Rm 105L WhiteheadBldg, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jeffery S. Kavanaugh
- Department of Microbiology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Alexander R. Horswill
- Department of Microbiology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Cassandra L. Quave
- Center for the Study of Human Health, Emory University, 550 Asbury Circle, Candler Library 107E, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael St., Rm 105L WhiteheadBldg, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Barbosa HM, Nascimento JNDO, Araújo TAS, Duarte FS, Albuquerque UP, Vieira JRC, Santana ERBDE, Yara R, Lima CSA, Gomes DA, Lira EC. Acute Toxicity and Cytotoxicity Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Spondias tuberosa Arruda Bark: Hematological, Biochemical and Histopathological Evaluation. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2016; 88:1993-2004. [PMID: 27737339 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201620160041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Spondias tuberosa Arruda, popularly named as umbu, is native from savanna-like vegetation and widely used for medicinal purposes, however, the toxicological profile is not available yet. This study evaluated the phytochemical profile and acute toxicity and citoxicity of Ethanolic Extract of Spondias tuberosa Arruda Bark (EEStb) in hematological, biochemical and histopathological parameters. Female Wistar rats were divided into: control (C) and animal treated single doses of 300mg/Kg (EEStb300) or 2.000mg/kg body weight (ESStb2.000) of the EEStb. After 24 hours and 14 days from gavage, the behavior, hematological, biochemical and histopathological parameters were assayed. Cytotoxicity effect was evaluated on HEp-2 cell lines. Neither EEStb300 nor EEStb2.000 produced mortality nor changes in body weight during the 14-days of observation, but EEStb2.000 reduced quietly the food and water intake as well as locomotor activity at first day. There were no changes in macroscopic, histopathological, biochemical and hematological parameters. EEStb in concentrations of 6.25- 50μg ml-1 on HEp-2 cell did not produce cytotoxic effect. These results suggest that EEStb did not cause acute toxicity and cytotoxic, suggesting a good safety rate for Spondias tuberosa Arruda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto M Barbosa
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Rua Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Jailson N DO Nascimento
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Rua Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Thiago A S Araújo
- Laboratório de Etnobotânica Aplicada, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Filipe S Duarte
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Rua Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Ulysses P Albuquerque
- Laboratório de Etnobotânica Aplicada, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Jeymesson R C Vieira
- Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Rua Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Edson R B DE Santana
- Departamento de Biofísica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Rua Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Ricardo Yara
- Departamento de Biofísica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Rua Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Cláudia S A Lima
- Departamento de Biofísica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Rua Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Dayane A Gomes
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Rua Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Eduardo C Lira
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Rua Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brasil
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Saritha K, Rajesh A, Manjulatha K, Setty OH, Yenugu S. Mechanism of antibacterial action of the alcoholic extracts of Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. ex Schult, Leucas aspera (Wild.), Plumbago zeylanica L., and Tridax procumbens (L.) R. Br. ex Schult. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:577. [PMID: 26106379 PMCID: PMC4460426 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbal products derived from Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. ex Schult, Leucas aspera (Wild.), Plumbago zeylanica L., and Tridax procumbens (L.) R. Br. ex Schult. are widely used in traditional medicine. Though the extracts of these plants were found to be antimicrobial in nature and have the potential to be used in clinics, the mechanism of action of is not reported. The ethanolic extracts of Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. ex Schult, Hemidesmus indicus ethanolic extract (HIEE), Leucas aspera (Wild.), Leucas aspera ethanolic extract (LAEE), Plumbago zeylanica L., Plumbago zeylanica ethanolic extract (PZEE), and Tridax procumbens (L.) R. Br. ex Schult, Tridax procumbens ethanolic extract (TPEE) were tested for their antibacterial activity against E. coli. Antibacterial activity was analyzed by CFU assay and the effect on the bacterial membrane by fluorescence activated cell sorting and scanning electron microscopy. LAEE, PZEE, and HIEE displayed potent bacterial killing activity in a time and concentration dependent manner. TPEE did not display appreciable antibacterial activity. The antibacterial action involved disruption of membrane potential, inner membrane permeabilization, blebbing and leakage of cellular contents. Our results contribute to the understanding of the antibacterial mechanism of alcoholic extracts of the medicinal plants used in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kongari Saritha
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Hyderabad , Hyderabad, India
| | - Angireddy Rajesh
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Hyderabad , Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Oruganti H Setty
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Hyderabad , Hyderabad, India
| | - Suresh Yenugu
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Hyderabad , Hyderabad, India
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Estevão LRM, Medeiros JPD, Simões RS, Arantes RME, Rachid MA, Silva RMGD, Mendonça FDS, Evêncio-Neto J. Mast cell concentration and skin wound contraction in rats treated with Brazilian pepper essential oil (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi). Acta Cir Bras 2015; 30:289-95. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020150040000008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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