Fatores associados ao desenvolvimento mental e motor de crianças de quatro creches públicas de Recife, Brasil

Estimulação cognitivo motor nas creches públicas no Sul e Nordeste do Brasil

El presente es una revisión de artículo del tipo sistemática, sobre la inserción y contribución del fisioterapeuta en el ambiente de guardería. El objetivo de este trabajo es investigar cómo los fisioterapeutas han abordado la necesidad de estimulación precoz, para el desarrollo motor y cognitivo de los niños en guarderías. Se analizaron 14 artículos publicados entre 2005-2015 y recuperados en las bases Scielo y Google Académico, con los descriptores: guardería en Brasil; Guarderías en la región Sur; Guarderías en la región Nordeste; Retraso motor en guarderías públicas; intervención fisioterápica en las guarderías públicas. Los resultados apuntaron que la inclusión de guarderías en el sistema educativo ya está consagrada, sin embargo, la discusión sobre la importancia de la fisioterapia en el ambiente de la guardería, todavía se muestra incipiente. Este artículo deja la reflexión sobre una brecha que debe ser llenada por el fisioterapeuta en el trabajo académico, para sumar esfuerzos en la prevención de los retrasos motores y cognitivos secundarios.

Functional capacity, independence and home affordances of premature children attending daycare centers

Abstract Introduction: Child development is the result of the interaction between biological and environmental factors. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the Functional Capacity, Independence and Home Affordances Level of Stimulation of premature children between 18 and 42 months, attending or not daycare centers. Methods: Cross-sectional study with a convenience sample of 26 premature children between 18 and 42 months, paired and divided into two groups: attending (study group) and not attending daycare centers (control group). Data was collected from the questionnaires AHEMD-SR, PEDI and an identification questionnaire. Data analysis was performed by descriptive statistics, and Chi-square, Fisher, Mann-Whitney and Univariate Analysis tests, considering the level of significance of α = 0.05 and tendency of differentiation when α < 010. Results: There was a significant difference in the AHEMD-SR`s Variety of Stimulation (p = 0.036), higher in the control group, and tendency in the Gross Motor Toys (p = 0.086), more available in the study group. In PEDI, there was significant difference in Self-care (p = 0.045) and tendency of differentiation in Mobility (0.068), both of the Caregiver Assistance part (greater to the study). The sample showed low stimulation opportunities regarding Fine and Gross Motor Toys and high percentages of delay in Functional Skills (Mobility) and Independence (Self Care and Mobility), especially in the control group. Conclusion: Daycare centers seem to positively affect the Functional Capacity and Independence in premature children between 18 and 42 months.

Cognição e ambiente são preditores do desenvolvimento motor de bebês ao longo do tempo

RESUMO Investigou-se longitudinalmente relações entre desenvolvimento motor e cognitivo, aspectos biológicos, práticas maternas, conhecimento parental e ambiente familiar de bebês. Participaram do estudo 49 bebês (3-16 meses) avaliados com a Alberta Infant Motor Scale e a Escala Mental da Bayley Scale of Infant Development. Os pais responderam o questionário sobre fatores biológicos, Daily Activities of Infant Scale, o Affordances no Ambiente Domiciliar para o Desenvolvimento Motor - Escala Bebê, e o Inventário sobre Conhecimento do Desenvolvimento Infantil. Avaliações foram conduzidas nas escolas ao longo de 4 meses. Foram utilizadas Equações de Estimativa Generalizada, teste de Bonferroni e coeficiente de correlação de Spearman. Observaram-se associações significativas na (1) análise univariada entre desenvolvimento motor e cognitivo e fatores ambientais (escolaridade, renda, disponibilidade de brinquedos, espaço físico, práticas e conhecimento parental, tempo de aleitamento e frequência na escola); (2) multivariada entre o desenvolvimento motor e renda, idade do pai e espaço físico da residência. Concluiu-se que os desenvolvimentos motores e cognitivos se mostraram interdependentes e fatores ambientais se mostraram mais significativos nas associações em detrimento dos biológicos, reforçando-se a importância do lar, do cuidado dos pais e das experiências que a criança vivencia ao longo dos primeiros anos de vida.

Perfil do desenvolvimento da linguagem de crianças no município de Belém, segundo o Teste de Triagem de Denver II

Resumo:OBJETIVO:avaliar o desenvolvimento da linguagem, segundo o Teste de Triagem de Denver II, de crianças que frequentavam a educação infantil em Belém e verificar fatores associados do desfecho com as características familiares, ambientais e pessoais.MÉTODOS:trata-se de uma pesquisa transversal e de caráter descritivo exploratório. Foi aplicado um questionário aos genitores para coletar os dados pessoais, contextuais e familiares e um instrumento para medição do nível de pobreza familiar.RESULTADOS:das 319 crianças avaliadas, 59,2% apresentaram resultado suspeito de atraso na linguagem. As variáveis que mostraram associação estatisticamente significante com o nível de desenvolvimento da linguagem foram escolaridade paterna (p=0,003), idade materna (p=0,03) e o nível de pobreza urbana (p=0,003).CONCLUSÃO:destaca-se a importância de implementar programas de estimulação e monitoramento sistemático, além de alertar para a interferência negativa dos fatores de risco nesse processo.

[Factors predicting sensory profile of 4 to 18 month old infants]

OBJECTIVE

To identify environment factors predicting sensory profile of infants between 4 and 18 months old.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study evaluated 97 infants (40 females e 57 males), with a mean age of 1.05±0.32 years with the Test of Sensory Functions in Infants (TSFI) and also asked 97 parents and 11 kindergarten teachers of seven daycare centers to answer the Affordances in the Home Environment for Motor Development- Infant Scale (AHEMD-IS). The AHEMD-IS is a questionnaire that characterizes the opportunities in the home environment for infants between 3 and 18 months of age. We tested the association between affordances and the sensory profile of infants. Significant variables were entered into a regression model to determine predictors of sensory profile.

RESULTS

The majority of infants (66%) had a normal sensory profile and 34% were at risk or deficit. Affordances in the home were classified as adequate and they were good in the studied daycare centers. The results of the regression revealed that only daily hours in daycare center and daycare outside space influenced the sensory profile of infants, in particular the Ocular-Motor Control component.

CONCLUSIONS

The sensory profile of infants was between normal and at risk. While the family home offered adequate affordances for motor development, the daycare centers of the infants involved demonstrated a good quantity and quality of affordances. Overall, we conclude that daily hours in the daycare center and daycare outside space were predictors of the sensory profile, particular on Ocular-Motor Control component.

Associations of biological factors and affordances in the home with infant motor development

BACKGROUND

Whereas considerable work has been published regarding biological factors associated with infant health, much less is known about the associations of environmental context with infant development - the focus of the present cross-sectional study.

METHODS

Data were collected on 561 infants, aged newborn to 18 months. Measures included the Affordances in the Home Environment for Motor Development-Infant Scale, Alberta Infant Motor Scale, and selected bio/medical factors. Correlation and regression were used to analyze the data.

RESULTS

Home environmental factors were associated with children's motor development as much as some typically high-risk biologic factors.

CONCLUSION

The home environment partially explained infant development outcomes and infants at risk could possibly be helped with a home assessment for affordances.

[Factors associated with delay in children development, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil]

This analytical study aims to evaluate the factors associated to developmental delay in 8-12 months aged children, indicated as at risk at birth in Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil. The instruments used were the Denver Development Screening Test II, anthropometric evaluation and questionnaires. Two hundred and twenty children (both at risk and out of risk) participated. It was found a prevalence of o20.5% of potential delay in psychomotor development. Children who presented a risk of a suspicious DDST II were part of lower income families; their mothers had not been to more than six prenatal visits; and had inappropriate weight-age indicator The data suggest the need of a rethinking of policies on child health, given that other criteria could be included in the risk conditions to the child at birth.