Mapeamento da produção científica sobre o Programa Mais Médicos

Childcare appointment at the Family Health Strategy in municipalities in the inland region of the State of Paraíba, Brazil

This article aims to evaluate the childcare appointments by health professionals working at the Family Health Strategy in municipalities in the State of Paraíba, compare the performance by health team type (The Mais Médicos Program or conventional), and analyze the association of client satisfaction with the developed actions. This cross-sectional study evaluated the structural conditions of health units, the work process of health professionals, and client satisfaction, observing childcare appointments in 22 health teams. Poor employment relationships and professionals' knowledge about child growth curves were highlighted in the structure. In the 175 appointments observed, we detected neglect in completing the Child Health Booklet (CHB), obtaining data on food consumption, and guidance practices. Only 36% of the appointments were classified with adequate duration. There was greater satisfaction for appointments developed in health teams of the Mais Médicos Program, with longer duration and better performance in guidance practices. The implementation of childcare appointments reveals significant gaps that can influence maternal satisfaction.

Occurrence of yellow fever outbreaks in a partially vaccinated population: An analysis of the effective reproduction number

Background

Yellow fever is endemic in Africa and the Americas, occurring in urban or sylvatic environments. The infection presents varying symptoms, with high case-fatality among severe cases. In 2016, Brazil had sylvatic yellow fever outbreaks with more than 11 thousand cases, predominantly affecting the country’s Southeast region. The state of Minas Gerais accounted for 30% of cases, even after the vaccine had been included in the immunization calendar for at least 30 years.

Methodology and principal findings

We applied parameters described in the literature from yellow fever disease into a compartmental model of vector-borne diseases, using namely generation time intervals, vital host and vector parameters, and force of infection, using macroregions as the spatial unit and epidemiological weeks as the time interval. The model permits obtaining the reproduction number, which we analyzed from reported cases of yellow fever from 2016 to 2018 in residents of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Minas Gerais recorded two outbreak periods, starting in EW 51/2016 and EW 51/2017. Of all the reported cases (3,304), 57% were men 30 to 59 years of age. Approximately 27% of cases (905) were confirmed, and 22% (202) of these individuals died. The estimated effective reproduction number varied from 2.7 (95% CI: 2.0–3.6) to 7.2 (95% CI: 4.4–10.9], found in the Oeste and Nordeste regions, respectively. Vaccination coverage in children under one year of age showed heterogeneity among the municipalities comprising the macroregions.

Conclusion

The outbreaks in multiple parts of the state and the estimated R_e values raise concern since the state population was partially vaccinated. Heterogeneity in vaccination coverage may have been associated with the occurrence of outbreaks in the first period, while the subsequent intense vaccination campaign may have determined lower R_e values in the second period.

Yellow fever attracts important research interest since it is an avoidable disease and is still recurrent in Brazil. Although the country has an important public policy that integrates production, distribution, and routine application of the yellow fever vaccine, the disease is still included on the list of endemic infectious diseases in some regions. Surprisingly, regions that were not previously part of risk areas for yellow fever were heavily affected by the outbreak from 2016 to 2018 in the country. Understanding the outbreak’s occurrence and intensity in the state of Minas Gerais based on the effective reproduction number, the focus of this article, is just part of the larger goal of defining with greater certainty the risk areas for yellow fever and proposing measures to control the spread of the disease.

De ações pontuais a marco de governo: a medicina na trajetória da política nacional de educação e regulação do trabalho na saúde

Resumo O artigo tem como objetivo analisar a trajetória da política nacional de educação e regulação do trabalho na saúde, considerando a institucionalidade e formas de incorporação da medicina no percurso da política, de 2003 a 2015. O estudo se baseou em contribuições do institucionalismo histórico, envolvendo análise de documentos legais e normativos, entrevistas com atores estatais e dados do financiamento federal da política. Cinco momentos foram identificados com base no contexto político-institucional, nas iniciativas governamentais e na inserção da medicina nas agendas de governo. A ênfase na profissão médica evoluiu de ações pontuais à condição de marco governamental, no contexto de perda de espaço da agenda do trabalho em saúde e priorização crescente das ações de educação, associada a ganhos de institucionalidade e mudanças no financiamento. O Programa Mais Médicos resultou da dinâmica da trajetória percorrida, com avanços na formação e no provimento de médicos no Sistema Único de Saúde. Permanecem, entretanto, desafios quanto às relações precárias de trabalho, à privatização do ensino médico e à regulação profissional que considere o exercício da medicina no setor privado.