Abstract
BACKGROUND
Alopecia areata is a chronic disorder of the hair follicles and nails, of unknown
etiology, with clear autoimmune components and genetic factors. Several
therapeutic options have been suggested; however, no treatment is able to modify
the disease course. Methotrexate is an immunosuppressant used in various
dermatoses and recently introduced as a therapeutic option for alopecia
areata.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of methotrexate in alopecia areata.
METHODS
In a retrospective, non-controlled study, we evaluated 31 patients with alopecia
areata in current or prior treatment with methotrexate to assess the therapeutic
response according to sex, age, pattern of alopecia areata, disease duration,
cumulative dose of methotrexate, use of systemic corticosteroids or other
treatments, and drug safety.
RESULTS
Regrowth greater than 50% was observed in 67.7% of patients, with the best
responses observed in those with <5 years of disease progression (79%), age
over 40 years (73.3%), male patients (72.8%), cumulative dose of methotrexate
1000-1500 mg, and multifocal alopecia areata (93%). Among patients receiving
systemic corticosteroids in combination with methotrexate, 77.3% had greater than
50% regrowth, compared with 44.4% in those who used methotrexate alone. The
therapeutic dose ranged from 10-25 mg/week. No patient had serious adverse
effects. Relapse was observed in 33.3% of patients with more than 50%
regrowth.
CONCLUSION
Methotrexate appears to be a promising and safe medication for the treatment of
severe alopecia areata when used alone or in combination with corticosteroids.
Collapse