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de Barros FD, Torres LC, Araujo C, da Silva Marinho F, Dubourcq BC, Dubourcq LC, Guimarães GC. Prognostic utility of SOX2, STAT3, and CD44 high/CD24 low expression in penile cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 149:2081-2094. [PMID: 35913637 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04222-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Penile cancer has a high incidence in developing countries. The standard treatment is removal of the primary tumor and, when necessary, inguinal lymphadenectomy. Currently, the most important prognostic factor is lymph node disease, however, the available staging methods are inaccurate, and the high morbidity rate of lymphadenectomy has stimulated the study of predictive biomarkers of lymph node metastasis for selecting the patients who need lymphadenectomy. SOX2, STAT3 and CD44high/CD24low were chosen because they have provided good predictive results in other squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), although there are no studies for penile cancer. Thus, the expression of SOX2, STAT3, CD24+, and CD44+ in the penile cancer tumor microenvironment was investigated for correlation with tumor behavior in SCC. METHODS This observational, prospective, translational study included 34 men and investigated the expression of SOX2, STAT3, CD24+, and CD44+ in tumor tissue by flow cytometry. RESULTS The median age of the 38 evaluated patients with penile cancer was 61 (37-80) years. Most patients presented a tumor located on the glans penis (82.3%), with the usual histological type (79.4%) and 61.7% of patients presented stage pT2. No metastasis was found in 85.3% of patients. The expression of SOX2, STAT3 and CD44high/CD24low in the microenvironment of penile SCC treated with lymphadenectomy was significantly associated with aggressive tumor behavior (p < 0.05). STAT3 expression shows discrepant points when evaluated in context of angiolymphatic vascular invasion. CONCLUSION SOX2, STAT3 and CD44high/CD24low in penile SCC can be indicators of prognosis, allowing for selection of more aggressive treatment when necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Dubourcq de Barros
- Hospital de Câncer de Pernambuco, Av Cruz Cabuga 1597 Santo Amaro, Recife, Pernambuco, 50040000, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Felipe da Silva Marinho
- Hospital de Câncer de Pernambuco, Av Cruz Cabuga 1597 Santo Amaro, Recife, Pernambuco, 50040000, Brazil
| | | | - Luís Cavalcanti Dubourcq
- Hospital de Câncer de Pernambuco, Av Cruz Cabuga 1597 Santo Amaro, Recife, Pernambuco, 50040000, Brazil
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Hu C, Bai Y, Li J, Zhang G, Yang L, Bi C, Zhao B, Yang Y, Li R, Wu H, Wang Q, Qin Y. Prognostic value of systemic inflammatory factors NLR, LMR, PLR and LDH in penile cancer. BMC Urol 2020; 20:57. [PMID: 32460817 PMCID: PMC7251912 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-020-00628-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) represents an important public health problem for developing countries. The major prognostic factors in PSCC are pathological subtype, perineural invasion, lymphovascular invasion, depth of invasion and grade, which are hard to obtain precisely before the operation. Besides, micro-metastases will be detected in about 30% of intermediate-risk patients with clinically non-palpable inguinal lymph nodes after inguinal lymph node dissection (ILND). It means approximately 70% of patients are unable to benefit from ILND who might suffered from the complications of surgery. We hope some biomarkers could be found which are able to predict the outcome before surgery and reflect the inguinal lymph nodes metastasis. Methods A total of 349 consecutive patients of penile cancer in Yunnan cancer hospital in China between October 2002 and December2017. Two hundred twenty-five was succeed to follow-up. The association between NLR, LMR, PLR, LDH and Overall survival (OS), progression free survival (PFS), inguinal lymph node (N stage) was analyzed with K-M analysis, univariable, multivariable logistic regression and Kendall’s tau-b correlation coefficient. Results Multivariable analysis reveal that only PLR was significant independent factor which is associated with inferior OS and PFS; Age and LDH was associated with inferior OS; Lymph node and metastatic status remained significant for OS and PFS as NCCN and EAU Guidelines indicated; the tumor type, initial treatment and NLR LMR were not significant in predicting both OS and PFS. NLR, LMR and PLR were corresponded to N stage, while LDH was not associated with the N stage based on logistic regression model analysis. NLR, LMR and PLR were found weakly related to N stage through an application of Kendall’s tau-b correlation coefficient. Conclusions PLR was significant independent factors for OS and PFS, Age and LDH was significant independent factors for OS. NLR, LMR, PLR was corresponded to N stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Hu
- Department of Urology, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650118, Yunnan, China
| | - Yu Bai
- Department of Urology, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650118, Yunnan, China.
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Urology, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650118, Yunnan, China
| | - Guoyin Zhang
- Department of Urology, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650118, Yunnan, China
| | - Libo Yang
- Department of Urology, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650118, Yunnan, China
| | - Chengwei Bi
- Department of Urology, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650118, Yunnan, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Urology, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650118, Yunnan, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Urology, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650118, Yunnan, China
| | - Ruiqian Li
- Department of Urology, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650118, Yunnan, China
| | - Hongyi Wu
- Department of Urology, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650118, Yunnan, China
| | - Qilin Wang
- Department of Urology, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650118, Yunnan, China
| | - Yang Qin
- Department of Urology, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650118, Yunnan, China
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Kasuga J, Kawahara T, Takamoto D, Fukui S, Tokita T, Tadenuma T, Narahara M, Fusayasu S, Terao H, Izumi K, Ito H, Hattori Y, Teranishi JI, Sasaki T, Makiyama K, Miyoshi Y, Yao M, Yumura Y, Miyamoto H, Uemura H. Increased neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is associated with disease-specific mortality in patients with penile cancer. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:396. [PMID: 27386948 PMCID: PMC4936117 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2443-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), a simple marker of the systemic inflammatory response, has been demonstrated to correlate with patient outcomes for various solid malignancies. We investigated the utility of the pretreatment NLR as a prognosticator in patients who presented with penile cancer. Methods A total of 41 patients who underwent complete blood count with differential and subsequent radical penectomy from 1988 to 2014 were analyzed. We assessed the correlation between the NLR and the prognosis of penile cancer. Results The median and mean (± SD) NLRs in 41 penile cancer patients were 3.42 and 5.03 ± 4.99, respectively. Based on the area under receiver operator characteristic curve, the cut-off value of NLR was determined to be 2.82. Patients with a high NLR (≥2.82) showed a significantly poorer cancer-specific survival (p = 0.023) than those with a low NLR. Conclusions The pretreatment NLR may function as a biomarker that precisely predicts the prognosis in patients with penile cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kasuga
- Department of Urology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 2360004, Japan
| | - Takashi Kawahara
- Department of Urology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 2360004, Japan. .,Departments of Urology and Renal transplantation, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Daiji Takamoto
- Department of Urology, Yokohama Minami Kyosai Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Sachi Fukui
- Department of Urology, Yokohama Minato Red Cross Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Tokita
- Department of Urology, Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital, Yokosuka, Japan
| | | | - Masaki Narahara
- Department of Urology, International Goodwill Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Syusei Fusayasu
- Department of Urology, Yamato Municipal Hospital, Yamato, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Terao
- Department of Urology, Fujisawa City Hospital, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Koji Izumi
- Department of Urology, Yokohama Municipal Citizen's Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ito
- Department of Urology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 2360004, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hattori
- Departments of Urology and Renal transplantation, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Teranishi
- Departments of Urology and Renal transplantation, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sasaki
- Department of Pathology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Makiyama
- Department of Urology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 2360004, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Miyoshi
- Departments of Urology and Renal transplantation, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yao
- Department of Urology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 2360004, Japan
| | - Yasushi Yumura
- Departments of Urology and Renal transplantation, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyamoto
- Departments of Pathology and Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Hiroji Uemura
- Departments of Urology and Renal transplantation, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
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de Sousa IDB, Vidal FCB, Branco Vidal JPC, de Mello GCF, do Desterro Soares Brandão Nascimento M, Brito LMO. Prevalence of human papillomavirus in penile malignant tumors: viral genotyping and clinical aspects. BMC Urol 2015; 15:13. [PMID: 25887354 PMCID: PMC4349728 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-015-0007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence in males has been reported to be between 3.6% and 84%, depending specially on the socioeconomic status. HPV infection has been related as a risk factor for penile cancer. This is a rare tumor, and other risk factors include lack of personal hygiene and men who have not undergone circumcision. Penile cancer is less than 1% of cancers in men in the United States, however, is much more common in some parts of Asia, Africa, and South America, where it accounts for up to 10% of cancers in men. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of HPV-DNA in penile cancers in São Luís, Brazil and to correlate the virus presence to histopathological factors. METHODS Tumor paraffin samples of 76 patients with penile carcinoma were tested in order to establish the prevalence and distribution of genotypic HPV using PCR/Nested and automated sequencing. To evaluate the association between HPV types and other clinical and morphological variables, a nonparametric ANOVA was performed using a Kruskal Wallis test, and statistical significance was determined to a value of p < 0.05. RESULTS The average age of patients at the time of diagnosis was 66 years ± 17.10. Regarding location, 65.79% of the tumors were located in the glans, and the most common types were vegetative (34.21%) and squamous (98.68%). Most of the lesions ranged in size from 2.1 to 5.0 cm, presenting Jackson I stage and Broders II degree. It was observed that 32 patients had at least one invaded and/or infiltrated structure. Lymph node involvement was observed in 19.76% of the patients, and 21.05% showed an inflammatory process. In the molecular evaluation, HPV infection was observed in 63.15% of the lesions, and the most common type was HPV 16. CONCLUSIONS From the statistical analysis, it can be verified that the variables were not associated with infection by the HPV virus. Although penile cancer can result from various risk factors that act in synergy, an HPV virus infection is important for the development of such neoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Flávia Castello Branco Vidal
- Tumors and DNA Bank of Maranhão, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, Brazil.
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Luciane Maria Oliveira Brito
- Tumors and DNA Bank of Maranhão, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, Brazil.
- Department of Medicine III, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, Brazil.
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Pereira N, Cabral AR, Vieira R, Figueiredo A. Conservative treatment of penile carcinoma - a retrospective study of 10 years. An Bras Dermatol 2013; 88:844-6. [PMID: 24173202 PMCID: PMC3798373 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20131970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Conservative treatment of penile squamous cell carcinoma has been advocated as a
method of choice for tumours at early stages. Thirty patients with a mean age of 63.2
years were treated with CO2 laser ablation, radical local excision with preputial
flap, direct closure or healing by secondary intention, circumcision alone or
associated with CO2 laser and topical imiquimod. Sixteen patients had local
recurrence. Partial penectomy was necessary in 3 patients. Conservative treatments of
penile squamous cell carcinoma in early stages (< T1a) do not seem to
compromise the survival rate, so it may be advisable for this subset of patients.
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American Brachytherapy Society–Groupe Européen de Curiethérapie–European Society of Therapeutic Radiation Oncology (ABS-GEC-ESTRO) consensus statement for penile brachytherapy. Brachytherapy 2013; 12:191-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brachy.2013.01.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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