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Prospecting In Vitro Antioxidant and Photoprotective Properties of Rosmarinic Acid in a Sunscreen System Developed by QbD Containing Octyl p-Methoxycinnamate and Bemotrizinol. COSMETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics9020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressively growing diagnoses of skin cancer trigger public health concerns about excessive sun exposure, awareness of the deleterious effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on the skin, and the proper use of sunscreens. Studies show that bioactive molecules, such as rosmarinic acid (RA), may potentiate the photoprotective and antioxidant activity of topical formulations. This research presents the application of the concepts of quality by design (QbD) to evaluate the critical parameters of quality and the development of an optimized cosmetic formulation with RA by means of an understanding of product design space. Samples were developed using design of experiments (DoE) and they were evaluated for in vitro antioxidant activity and photoprotective efficacy, as well as for photostability through artificial irradiation. We were able to achieve the RA performance regarding antioxidant and SPF properties through in vitro experiments. We obtained the equations for predicting the in vitro antioxidant activity and SPF. Considering our sunscreen system, developed with octyl p-methoxycinnamate and bemotrizinol, the presence of RA increased its antioxidant capacity; however, the in vitro SPF was reduced when both UV filters were used. The development of multifunctional sunscreens is of utmost importance; moreover, there is a need for the rational development of formulations that ensure representative statistical tests of the effects and interactions among the components of a formulation on the desired critical quality attributes, including efficacy.
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Abstract
The skin is constantly exposed to various environmental stresses, in particular to the damage caused by pollution and ultraviolet radiation (UV), and as a consequence, the horny extract can be negatively impacted by the harmful influence of some of its surface components. The mechanisms involved in the degradation processes promoted by UV radiation are driven by the direct absorption of radiation via cellular chromophores, the formation of excited states and the consequent chemical reactions, or even by the photosensitization mechanisms, in which UV light is absorbed by the sensitizers that are excited and their reactions promote the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The mechanisms of polluting agents are not yet fully understood, however, they indicate that one of the main mechanisms involved is oxidative stress by lipid peroxidation, with the ability to promote damage to the composition of sebum, the quality of the stratum corneum and also, promote aging skin. Recent studies demonstrate the potential of antioxidant agents, with an emphasis on products of natural origin, which try to promote the maintenance of the physiological balance of the skin.
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da Silva Costa J, da Silva Lopes Costa K, Cruz JV, da Silva Ramos R, Silva LB, Do Socorro Barros Brasil D, de Paula da Silva CHT, Dos Santos CBR, da Cruz Macedo WJ. Virtual Screening and Statistical Analysis in the Design of New Caffeine Analogues Molecules with Potential Epithelial Anticancer Activity. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 24:576-594. [PMID: 28699538 PMCID: PMC5944109 DOI: 10.2174/1381612823666170711112510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
About 132 thousand cases of melanoma (more severe type of skin cancer) were registered in 2014 according to the World Health Organization. This type of cancer significantly affects the quality of life of individuals. Caffeine has shown potential inhibitory effect against epithelial cancer. In this study, it was proposed to obtain new caffeine-based molecules with potential epithelial anticancer activity. For this, a training set of 21 molecules was used for pharmacophore perception procedures. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to propose mono-, bi-, tri-, and tetra-parametric models applied in the prediction of the activity. The generated pharmacophore was used to select 350 molecules available at the ZINCpharmer server, followed by reduction to 24 molecules, after selection using the Tanimoto index, yielding 10 molecules after final selection by predicted activity values > 1.5229. These ten mole-cules had better pharmacokinetic properties than the other ones used as reference and within the clinical-ly significant limits. Only two molecules show minor hits of toxicity and were submitted to molecular docking procedures, showing BFE (binding free energy) values lower than the reference values. Statisti-cal analyses indicated strong negative correlations between BFE and pharmacophoric properties (high influence on BFE lowering) and practically null correlation between BFE and BBB. The two most prom-ising molecules can be indicated as candidates for further in vitro and in vivo analyzes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josivan da Silva Costa
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity-Network BIONORTE, Federal University of the Para, Belem, Brazil.,Laboratory of Modeling and Computational Chemistry, Federal University of Amapa, Department of Biological Sciences. Rod. Juscelino Kubitschek, Km 02, s/n, Jardim Marco Zero, 68902-280 Macapa-AP, Brazil.,Institute of Technology, Federal University of Para, Av. Augusto Correa, 01, Belem, Para 66075-900, Brazil
| | - Karina da Silva Lopes Costa
- Laboratory of Modeling and Computational Chemistry, Federal University of Amapa, Department of Biological Sciences. Rod. Juscelino Kubitschek, Km 02, s/n, Jardim Marco Zero, 68902-280 Macapa-AP, Brazil
| | - Josiane Viana Cruz
- Laboratory of Modeling and Computational Chemistry, Federal University of Amapa, Department of Biological Sciences. Rod. Juscelino Kubitschek, Km 02, s/n, Jardim Marco Zero, 68902-280 Macapa-AP, Brazil
| | - Ryan da Silva Ramos
- Laboratory of Modeling and Computational Chemistry, Federal University of Amapa, Department of Biological Sciences. Rod. Juscelino Kubitschek, Km 02, s/n, Jardim Marco Zero, 68902-280 Macapa-AP, Brazil
| | - Luciane Barros Silva
- Laboratory of Modeling and Computational Chemistry, Federal University of Amapa, Department of Biological Sciences. Rod. Juscelino Kubitschek, Km 02, s/n, Jardim Marco Zero, 68902-280 Macapa-AP, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Henrique Tomich de Paula da Silva
- Computational Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cleydson Breno Rodrigues Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Modeling and Computational Chemistry, Federal University of Amapa, Department of Biological Sciences. Rod. Juscelino Kubitschek, Km 02, s/n, Jardim Marco Zero, 68902-280 Macapa-AP, Brazil
| | - Williams Jorge da Cruz Macedo
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Simulation System, Federal Rural University of Amazonia, Rua Joao Pessoa, 121, Campus Capanema-Centro, Capanema, Para 68700-030, Brazil
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Santos CAD, Souza DLB. Melanoma mortality in Brazil: trends and projections (1998-2032). CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2019; 24:1551-1561. [PMID: 31066856 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232018244.13932017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the main serious skin cancer, due to its high lethality. This study aimed to make projections and analyze melanoma mortality trends in Brazil. Mortality Information System data were utilized for the period 1998-2012, which were projected until 2032, using the age-period-cohort model, with software R. The analysis of trends was made by Joinpoint regression, with 95% confidence interval, estimating the annual percentage change. It was revealed higher amounts of deaths in men for all regions. Brazilian trends presented reductions in men (APC = -0.4; CI95% = -0.6; -0.1; p < 0.01) and in women (APC = -0.8; CI95% = -0.9; -0.7; p < 0.01). The Midwest region presented increases for both sexes, while the Southeast region presented reducing trends for both sexes. In the North, there was stability for men and increases followed by stability in women, while the South presented reductions in men and stability in women; finally, the Northeast revealed one joinpoint per sex, with an increase followed by stability in men, and stability followed by reducing trends in women. The highest rates of the country were found in the South and Southeast regions, however, with reducing trends throughout time. Higher mortality trends in men were associated with later diagnoses in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Alves Dos Santos
- Departamento de Saúde Coletiva e Nutrição , Centro de Ciências da Saúde , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte . Av. Sen. Salgado Filho, Lagoa Nova. 59078-970 Natal RN Brasil .
| | - Dyego Leandro Bezerra Souza
- Departamento de Saúde Coletiva e Nutrição , Centro de Ciências da Saúde , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte . Av. Sen. Salgado Filho, Lagoa Nova. 59078-970 Natal RN Brasil .
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Rezende HD, de Almeida APM, Shimoda E, Milagre ACX, de Almeida LM. Study of skin neoplasms in a university hospital: integration of anatomopathological records and its interface with the literature. An Bras Dermatol 2019; 94:42-46. [PMID: 30726462 PMCID: PMC6360975 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20197357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin cancer is a highly prevalent condition with a multifactorial etiology resulting from genetic alterations, environmental and lifestyle factors. In Brazil, among all malignant tumors, skin cancers have the highest incidences. OBJECTIVE To retrospectively evaluate the incidence, prevalence and profile of basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and cutaneous melanoma in Campos dos Goytacazes and region. METHODS In total, 2,207 histopathological reports of a local reference hospital were analyzed between January 2013 and December 2015, of which 306 corresponded to the neoplasms studied. RESULTS Of the 306 reports evaluated, 232 basal cell carcinomas (75.9%), 55 squamous cell carcinomas (18%) and 19 cutaneous melanomas (6.5%) were identified. The face was the most involved anatomical site (58.8%) and women (51%) were the most affected gender. The temporal analysis revealed a decrease in the overall incidence of 3.4% from 2013 to 2014 and 5.4% from 2014 to 2015. There was a 10.1% increase in basal cell carcinomas and 38% in melanomas in this period; however, there was a decrease in the number of squamous cell carcinomas of 14.8% during the studied years. STUDY LIMITATIONS Some samples of cutaneous fragments had no identification of the anatomical site of origin. CONCLUSION Research that generates statistical data on cutaneous tumors produces epidemiological tools useful in the identification of risk groups and allows the adoption of more targeted and efficient future prevention measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hudson Dutra Rezende
- Program of Medical Residency in Dermatology, Hospital Escola
Álvaro Alvim, Campos dos Goytacazes (RJ), Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Shimoda
- Program of Post-Graduation, Master’s and PhD in Regional
Planning/City Management, Universidade Cândido Mendes, Campos dos Goytacazes
(RJ), Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Xavier Milagre
- Program of Medical Residency in Dermatology, Hospital Escola
Álvaro Alvim, Campos dos Goytacazes (RJ), Brazil
| | - Liana Moura de Almeida
- Service of Dermatology, Hospital Escola Álvaro Alvim, Campos
dos Goytacazes (RJ), Brazil
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Grandahl K, Ibler KS, Laier GH, Mortensen OS. Skin cancer risk perception and sun protection behavior at work, at leisure, and on sun holidays: a survey for Danish outdoor and indoor workers. Environ Health Prev Med 2018; 23:47. [PMID: 30285623 PMCID: PMC6169023 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-018-0736-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To prevent occupational skin cancer, it is essential that the sun-protective behavior of outdoor workers is adequate. The aim is to study the sun-protective behavior of Danish outdoor workers at work, at leisure, and on sun holiday and compare it to that of indoor workers. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study, based on a 53-item survey completed by Danish outdoor (n = 380) and indoor workers (n = 119) in 2016-2017. Status as outdoor or indoor worker was decided based on self-report and behavioral differences were tested using (paired) t tests and multiple regression adjusted for age, sex, educational level, history of smoking, and skin type. RESULTS Danish outdoor workers at work use sun protection less than they do at leisure and on sun holiday (α < .05) where their sun protection behavior is similar to that of indoor workers. The proportion of Danish outdoor workers that always/often use sun protection at work is for shade seeking around noon 4.2%, sunscreen 34.5%, wide-brimmed hat 25.3%, and long trousers and shirt with sleeves 42.4%. Of Danish outdoor workers, 49.5% do not think about the risk of occupational skin cancer and 11.8% think the risk is insignificant, 32.4% think that the use of sun protection is of low or no importance, 84.2% consider sunburn important as skin cancer risk factor still 88.9% have a history of sunburn at work, > 80.0% agree that risk of skin cancer is reduced by the use of sun protection, and only 4.0% dismiss the possibility of sun protection use at work. CONCLUSIONS Skin cancer risk and use of sun protection at work are largely neglected in Danish outdoor workers, more so than at leisure and on sun holiday where their risk behavior resembles that of indoor workers. This indicates an untapped workplace preventive potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper Grandahl
- The Department of Occupational Medicine, Copenhagen University Holbaek, Gl. Ringstedvej 4B, 4300 Holbaek, Denmark
| | | | | | - Ole Steen Mortensen
- The Department of Occupational Medicine, Copenhagen University Holbaek, Gl. Ringstedvej 4B, 4300 Holbaek, Denmark
- Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Rombaldi AJ, Canabarro LK, Neutzling MB, Silva MCD. Prevalence and factors associated with exposure to sunlight and sunscreen among physical education teachers in Pelotas, southern Brazil. An Bras Dermatol 2018; 92:785-792. [PMID: 29364433 PMCID: PMC5786391 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20175821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decreasing the time of exposure to the sun and increasing sunscreen use are important actions to prevent skin cancer. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to verify the prevalence of exposure to the sun and the use of sunscreen, as well as associated factors among physical education teachers of the basic education network from city of Pelotas, southern Brazil. METHODS A census type study was conducted with physical education teachers of the basic education network from Pelotas. This study assessed the time of exposure to the sun in the workplace for at least 20 min, between 10am and 4pm, and the use of sunscreen during the workday. RESULTS 188 teachers answered the questionnaire. The prevalence of exposure to the sun between 10:00am and 4:00pm was 89.2% (95% CI of 83.8% -93.3%), while sunscreen use was 63.3% (95% CI of 56.0% -70.2%). However, when the sample was stratified by sex, women reported a higher rate of sunscreen use (78.5% -95% CI of 72.2-84.3) than men (38.9% -95% CI of 31.8-46.2) (p<0.001). Teachers with longer work weeks were at greater risk of exposure to the sun. In addition, women, with normal weight and who worked less hours, were more likely to use sunscreen. STUDY LIMITATIONS Cross-sectional study and lack of information on the proper use and frequency of use of sunscreen. CONCLUSION Physical education teachers were highly exposed to solar radiation, and less than two-thirds used sunscreen during the workday. Interventions with this professional group are necessary to reduce the risk of skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marilda Borges Neutzling
- Nutrition Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Sena JS, Girão RJS, Carvalho SMFD, Tavares RM, Fonseca FLA, Silva PBA, Barbosa MCFP. Occupational skin cancer: Systematic review. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2017; 62:280-6. [PMID: 27310554 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.62.03.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the epidemiological profile, risk factors in the workplace environment and prevention methods for professionals at risk of skin cancer. METHOD A systematic review of articles on occupational skin cancer, published in the Lilacs, Scielo, Medline and Cochrane Library from January 1st, 2008, to December 31st, 2013, was performed. The search included the following terms: "neoplasias cutâneas" (DeCS), "exposição ocupacional" (DeCS), "epidemiologia" (DeCS) as well as the keyword "prevenção", and their equivalents in English. RESULTS After analyzing the titles and summaries of articles, the search strategy resulted in 83 references, of which 22 articles met the eligibility criteria. DISCUSSION We found that sun exposure is the main occupational risk factor for skin cancer, causing outdoor workers to be the most vulnerable to developing occupational skin cancer. Professionals with low levels of education and European descent are at increased risk of developing this cancer. CONCLUSION Outdoor workers are more vulnerable to developing occupational skin cancer, estimating that professionals with low level of education and European descent are at increased risk of developing this cancer. Therefore, companies need to invest more in the health of workers by providing protective equipment and thus preventing occupational skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Suellen Sena
- Faculdade Integral Diferencial, Faculdade Integral Diferencial, Teresina PI , Brazil, Medical Student, Faculdade Integral Diferencial (Facid/DeVry), Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Régio José Santiago Girão
- DeVry University, DeVry, Facid, Teresina PI , Brazil, MSc in Health Sciences from Faculdade de Medicina do ABC (FMABC). Dermatology Lecturer of the Facid/DeVry, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Sionara Melo Figueiredo de Carvalho
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza PI , Brazil, MSc in Health Sciences from FMABC. Oncology Lecturer of the Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, PI, Brazil
| | - Rosielly Melo Tavares
- Faculdade Integral Diferencial, Faculdade Integral Diferencial, Teresina PI , Brazil, Medical Student, Faculdade Integral Diferencial (Facid/DeVry), Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Fernando Luiz Affonso Fonseca
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santo André SP , Brazil, Post-doctoral from Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein and the Roche Center for Medical Genomics. Adjunct Professor III, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, and Lecturer of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Environmental Health Management, FMABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Barros Aquino Silva
- Faculdade Integral Diferencial, Faculdade Integral Diferencial, Teresina PI , Brazil, Medical Student, Faculdade Integral Diferencial (Facid/DeVry), Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Maria Clara Fortes Portela Barbosa
- Faculdade Integral Diferencial, Faculdade Integral Diferencial, Teresina PI , Brazil, Medical Student, Faculdade Integral Diferencial (Facid/DeVry), Teresina, PI, Brazil
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Costa NFD, Fernandes NC, Borges MRMM. Study of the histopathological types of cutaneous melanoma in Palmas-TO from 2001 to 2011. An Bras Dermatol 2016; 90:638-45. [PMID: 26560208 PMCID: PMC4631228 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20153528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is considered serious for causing frequent metastasis, presenting high mortality, resistance to available therapies and incidences in laboring activity. OBJECTIVES To study the histopathological types of cutaneous melanoma in Palmas-TO from 2001 to 2011, according to risk factors, location of lesions, Clark levels and Breslow thickness. METHODS A descriptive, retrospective and quantitative research in reports of the Serviços de Anatomia Patológica in Palmas (SAPP) and Registro de Câncer de Base Populacional de Palmas (RCBPP). RESULTS The years of highest incidences were: 2004 (8 cases/17.8%), 2008 and 2011 (7 cases each/15.6%) and 2010 (6 cases/13.3%). Among the 45 cases studied, there were predominance in patients between 41 and 60 years old, women, caucasians, farmers, located in trunk, in situ type, superficial extensive and metastatic cutaneous, Clark levels I (20%) and IV (17.7%), Breslow thickness ≤1 mm (35.5%) and 2.01 to 4 mm (24.4%). CONCLUSIONS The most common histopathological types were: cutaneous melanoma in situ, superficial extensive and metastatic, followed by nodular cutaneous melanoma, and finally, by other forms. In this study, Clark levels and Breslow thickness pointed to greater importance of thin melanomas and sun exposure without appropriate protection in farmers.
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Maciel PC, Veiga-Filho J, Carvalho MP, Fonseca FEM, Ferreira LM, Veiga DF. Quality of life and self-esteem in patients submitted to surgical treatment of skin carcinomas: long-term results. An Bras Dermatol 2014; 89:594-8. [PMID: 25054746 PMCID: PMC4148273 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20142742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is a multifactorial disease and skin carcinomas are the most common type of cancer. Assessing quality of life and self-esteem outcomes in skin cancer patients is important because these are indicators of the results of the treatment, translating how patients face their lives and their personal relationships. OBJECTIVE To assess the late impact of the surgical treatment of head and/or neck skin carcinomas on quality of life and self-esteem of the patients. METHODS Fifty patients with head or neck skin carcinomas were enrolled. Their age ranged between 30 and 75 years, 27 were men and 23 were women. Patients were assessed with regard to quality of life and self-esteem, preoperatively and five years postoperatively. Validated instruments were used: the MOS 36-item Short-form Health Survey (SF-36) and the Rosenberg Self-esteem/EPM-UNIFESP Scale. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS Twenty-two patients completed the five-year follow-up, 54.5% women and 45.5% men. Compared to the preoperative assessment, patients had an improvement in mental health (p=0.011) and in self-esteem (p=0.002). There was no statistical difference with regard to the other domains of the SF-36. CONCLUSION Patients submitted to surgical treatment of skin carcinoma improved mental health and self-esteem in the late postsurgical testing.
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Chatti S, Maoua M, Belajouza C, Rhif H, El Maalel O, Allani I, Kalboussi H, Brahem A, Debbabi F, Nouira R, Mrizak N. Carcinomes épidermoïdes cutanés et activité professionnelle. À propos d’une enquête cas-témoins dans la région du centre tunisien. ARCH MAL PROF ENVIRO 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.admp.2013.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Fernandes TRMDO, Santos I, Korinsfky JP, Silva BSLE, Carvalho LO, Plapler H. Cutaneous changes in rats induced by chronic skin exposure to ultraviolet radiation and organophosphate pesticide. Acta Cir Bras 2014; 29:7-15. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-86502014000100002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Ferreira FR, Costa Nascimento LF, Rotta O. Fatores de risco para câncer da pele não melanoma em Taubaté, SP: um estudo caso-controle. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-42302011000400018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Ferreira FR, Costa Nascimento LF, Rotta O. Risk factors for non-melanoma skin cancer in Taubaté, São Paulo, Brazil: a case-control study. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0104-4230(11)70089-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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