Intervenção visando a auto-estima e qualidade de vida dos policiais civis do Rio de Janeiro

Individual and Work-Related Psychological Characteristics Contributing to Subjective Well-Being in Air Rescue Employees

OBJECTIVE

Air rescue staff are subject to stressors, including frequent traumatic events, shift work, and unfavorable conditions during rescue missions. We investigated subjective well-being among employees of the Swiss Air-Rescue organization and the potential determining factors, such as sense of coherence, self-esteem, coping, stress, and mental health status.

METHODS

All employees (N = 142) received a questionnaire battery composed of the Trier Inventory for the Assessment of Chronic Stress, the Salutogenic Subjective Work Analysis, the Stress Coping Questionnaire, the Health and Stress Questionnaire, the Sense of Coherence Scale 13-item scale, the Inventory for the Measurement of Self-Efficacy and Externality, the Brief Symptom Inventory, the 12-item General Health Questionnaire, and the Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale. A discriminant analysis was conducted (input: subjective well-being, output: potential determining factors). A total of 48 participants provided complete data.

RESULTS

The discriminant analysis was significant (χ² = 40.80, P < .001; correct classification: 89.4%) and revealed that sense of coherence (F_1,45 = 40.46) and self-esteem (F_1,45 = 36.20) were the most important discriminating factors for subjective well-being.

CONCLUSION

Sense of coherence and self-esteem play an important role in the subjective well-being of emergency and rescue personnel. Fostering these traits should be included in preventive programs.

Modelling the factors affecting Quality of Life among Indian police officers: a novel ISM and DEMATEL approach

Background

This study examines quality of life (QOL) of a sample of police officers in India. The concept of QOL includes well-being, social obligations, relationships of a person, and his association with environment. The study examines the factors on which QOL of police officers depend and their relationships with each other. The issues linked with QOL are important because they directly affect the individual's ability to maintain a healthy lifestyle and affect organizational performance in the long run. This study explores relevant factors that have an impact on the QOL of the employees of police department in India.

Method

In this paper, literatures review, ISM, MICMAC, and DEMATEL methodology have established eleven factors that impact the QOL of police officers in India. Mutual relations between factors have been established using the ISM approach to develop a model to represent these relationships. DEMATEL methodologies were used to analyze these factors.

Results

Results indicate that "fair compensation, work overload, workplace safety, and job stress" are the top-level factors that affect QOL of police officers.

Conclusion

The identification of factors and their mutual relationships that affect QOL are important for police officers and have to be dealt with according to their order of importance. The research model developed in this study shows how the factors of police officers' QOL are interrelated and presents the interrelationships among these factors. A comprehensive model depicting the relationships among these factors has been established, so that the QOL of police officers can be improved.

Intervenções em saúde do trabalhador - contexto, desafios e possibilidades de desenvolvimento: uma revisão de escopo

Resumo Objetivo: analisar a estrutura, o funcionamento das intervenções para prevenção de agravos e a promoção da saúde do trabalhador no Brasil, segundo os critérios de sistematicidade, agência transformativa e transformação. Métodos: foi realizada uma revisão de escopo de estudos empíricos publicados entre 2010 e 2019. Para avaliar e interpretar os achados e discutir suas possibilidades e tendências de desenvolvimento, utilizaram-se os três critérios mencionados. Resultados: foram incluídos 147 estudos; observou-se que o objeto da intervenção é mais comum em elementos isolados do sistema de atividade produtiva do que sobre o conjunto completo; a agência transformativa dos atores envolvidos é pouco estimulada; a transformação efetiva das condições que deram origem às intervenções aparece com mais frequência nas situações em que se pretendia mudar apenas aspectos proximais aos agravos de saúde. Conclusão: embora parte dos estudos reporte mudanças implementadas, a maioria deles não refere intervenções sobre os determinantes de saúde e não envolve os trabalhadores como protagonistas das mudanças. Os achados permitiram discutir possibilidades de desenvolvimento e desafios para intervenções.

Prevalence of Major Depressive Disorder and Correlates of Thoughts of Death, Suicidal Behaviour, and Death by Suicide in the Geriatric Population-A General Review of Literature

Background: There has been an increase in deaths by suicide in old age in the last decade. Depression and suicide in the elderly, 60 years and above, is a major global public health concern. Determining the prevalence of depression, and correlates of death by suicide in the geriatric population, is an important first step toward addressing this public health concern. This literature review aims to determine the prevalence of major depressive disorders and the correlates of death by suicide in the geriatric population. Methods: This general review of the literature was performed using relevant search terms to determine both the prevalence of depression and the correlates of death by suicide among the geriatric population. Databases such as MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and PubMed were searched. Relevant and current articles were extracted, reviewed, and analyzed. The elderly population was defined as individuals 60 years and above. Only full texts articles in English were reviewed. Findings: The prevalence estimates of major depressive disorder in the elderly ranged from 5.37 to 56%. Adults aged 60 years and older have a high risk of depression that exposes them to suicide. Moreover, elderly women are more likely to experience depression than elderly men, but successful suicide is more common in men. Depression and other mental health conditions (schizophrenia, anxiety disorders) and perceived stress were found to be predictors of suicide in the elderly. Other predictors included physical illnesses such as malignancies, financial constraints, cuckoldry, and sexual dysfunction, and also social factors like living alone triggers depressive symptoms and increases suicidal risk in the elderly. Hanging was found to be the most common method of death by suicide for both sexes. While elderly women preferred poisoning, elderly men in Western countries preferred firearms. Differences in gender, the aging process and social issues were also contributing factors to methods used for suicide. Conclusions: Depression and debilitating physical illnesses were identified as significant contributors to suicide risk in the elderly population, and emphasis should be placed on identifying these factors early and treating them. Recognizing and addressing factors that predict suicide in the elderly will help to improve the mental wellbeing of the elderly.

Health promotion and quality of life: a historical perspective of the last two 40 years (1980-2020)

This article updates the previous text of the main author published in 2000, revisiting the scientific evidence that reaffirms the contribution of health to the quality of life of individuals and populations. More than the access to health services of any quality, it is necessary to face determinants of health in its entirety, which requires healthy public policies, an effective intersectoral articulation of public power and mobilization of the population. The authors revisit the emergence and development of health promotion, focusing on the analysis of the most promising health strategies for the increase in quality of life, especially in societies with high social and health inequalities, as in the case of Brazil, reinforced by the recent pandemic of COVID-19. Such strategies were concretized on healthy municipalities and intersectoral actions, in health and in all policies which confront social determinants, through their own foundations and practices that are closely related to innovations in public management for integrated and sustainable local development, in view of the 2030 Agenda and its Sustainable Development Objectives (SDG).

Síndrome da disfunção da articulação temporomandibular e o estresse presente no trabalho policial: revisão integrativa

Resumo O estudo objetivou investigar se o estresse presente nas atividades dos trabalhadores da polícia brasileira pode ter relação com o desenvolvimento da síndrome da disfunção da articulação temporomandibular (DTM), uma doença comumente associada a condições estressantes. Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa de literatura sobre os temas estresse, DTM e atividade policial. Foram identificadas diversas fontes estressoras no trabalho do policial brasileiro e observou-se que o estresse influencia no desenvolvimento, agravamento e tratamento dos sintomas da síndrome. Há comprometimento na qualidade de vida e saúde dos portadores de DTM. O fato de estudos terem mostrado associação entre estresse e atividades desenvolvidas pelos policiais brasileiros, bem como relação entre estresse e DTM, levou à suposição de que é possível haver relação entre o estresse gerado pelo trabalho executado por policiais e o risco de desenvolvimento da DTM por essa classe de trabalhadores. É recomendado que o indivíduo portador da síndrome seja avaliado como um todo antes da execução do tratamento e que esse tratamento seja multidisciplinar. A literatura sobre DTM em policiais ainda é incipiente, motivo pelo qual sugere-se o desenvolvimento de estudos sobre o tema.

Prevalência de Transtorno Mental e Comportamental em Policias Militares/SC, em Licença para Tratamento de Saúde

Este estudo estimou a prevalência de Transtorno Mental e Comportamental (TMC) em Policiais Militares em Licença para Tratamento de Saúde (LTS), da região metropolitana de Florianópolis/SC, casos notificados pela Junta Médica. Caracteriza-se como transversal descritivo, cuja variável dependente é o TMC, categorizado em sim e não. As variáveis exploratórias referem-se às características demográficas (sexo, faixa etária) e ocupacionais (tempo de serviço, batalhão de atuação, graduação/posto e hierarquia). As análises univariadas incluíram frequências relativas e absolutas, utilizando o teste do Qui-Quadrado, teste do qui-quadrado para tendência e o Fisher Exact. Para verificar a associação de TMC com as variáveis exploratórias, foram construídos modelos de regressão logística multivariada e hierárquica. Foram testadas as associações entre as variáveis dependentes e cada uma das variáveis independentes por meio do Teste do Qui-Quadrado de Pearson (χ2). Sexo e hierarquia entraram na modelagem. A análise verificou prevalência de TMC de 24% e fator de associação positiva com TMC e hierarquia. Os resultados demonstram alta prevalência de licença para tratamento de saúde por TMC e dados que sugerem estudos mais específicos para fundamentar estratégias de prevenção e enfrentamento ao TMC, buscando preservar e melhorar a saúde psicológica desta categoria profissional.

Prevalência de Transtornos Mentais e Percepção de Suporte Familiar em Policiais Civis

Este estudo transversal, exploratório-descritivo, verificou a prevalência de Transtorno Mental e Comportamental (TMC) e percepção do suporte familiar em Policiais Civis de Santa Catarina, afastados do trabalho pela Perícia Médica do Estado, no período entre 2009 e 2010. Utilizaram-se na coleta de dados: a) planilha de dados de prevalência de TMC da Secretaria de Estado da Administração/SC; b) inventário de percepção de suporte familiar; c) investigação das dimensões desse suporte e do processo de adoecimento relacionado ao trabalho, na perspectiva do policial e do familiar. Os dados de prevalência referem-se aos afastamentos por TMC (n = 148) no período mencionado e os de suporte familiar, aos policiais (n = 19) e familiares (n = 13) participantes da entrevista. Detectou-se que, para cada 100 policiais, 4,6 foram afastados por TMC. A percepção do suporte familiar por parte dos policiais indicou ser ele um recurso importante durante o período de afastamento do trabalho, na recuperação e no retorno à atividade, corroborando a existência de uma associação inversa entre nível de apoio social e sofrimento psíquico. Conclui-se que o incentivo à valorização do suporte familiar e o estímulo às relações interpessoais na família, no trabalho e nas relações sociais ampliadas, tornam-se ferramentas importantes para a percepção de bem-estar e se relacionam com o aumento da satisfação de vida, da autoestima e, por consequência, contribuem para o controle dos sintomas.

Health-related quality of life and related factors of military police officers

Purpose

The present study aimed to determine the effect of demographic characteristics, occupation, anthropometric indices, and leisure-time physical activity levels on coronary risk and health-related quality of life among military police officers from the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil.

Methods

The sample included 165 military police officers who fulfilled the study’s inclusion criteria. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire and the Short Form Health Survey were used, in addition to a spreadsheet of socio-demographic, occupational and anthropometric data. Statistical analyses were performed using descriptive analysis followed by Spearman Correlation and multiple linear regression analysis using the backward method.

Results

The waist-to-height ratio was identified as a risk factor low health-related quality of life. In addition, the conicity index, fat percentage, years of service in the military police, minutes of work per day and leisure-time physical activity levels were identified as risk factors for coronary disease among police officers.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that the Military Police Department should adopt an institutional policy that allows police officers to practice regular physical activity in order to maintain and improve their physical fitness, health, job performance, and quality of life.

Evaluation of life quality of patients submitted to orthognathic surgery

OBJECTIVE

To compare changes related to self-esteem and appearance satisfaction between pre and postsurgical phases in patients undergoing orthognathic surgery and to assess the quality of life and psychosocial changes of these patients six months after surgery.

METHODS

A longitudinal observational qualitative study was performed. The sample comprised 15 patients with dentofacial deformities who underwent orthognathic surgery. One questionnaire and two forms were answered during pre and postoperative phases.

RESULTS

The results showed that 13.3% of patients demonstrated self-esteem improvement, especially in relation to appearance satisfaction. Improvements were also noted in social, occupational and family relationships. With regard to the assessment of quality of life, according to the World Health Organization questionnaire, the lowest improvement averages corresponded to environmental control.

CONCLUSION

Orthognathic surgery brings along many emotional changes that should be considered before and after surgery, since the patients' psychological state may be favorable and/or unfavorable during recovery, influencing their quality of life, self-esteem and appearance satisfaction.

[The identity of civil police officers and successive mirroring studies]

The scope of this paper was to analyze the perceptions of civil police officers regarding their professional identity, the institution they belong to and their opinion concerning the image society has of their performance. The data are derived from a survey focused on their work and health conditions, using a questionnaire, interviews and focus groups including managers, sheriffs and officers. The relative frequency and average return for answers about working conditions, professional fulfillment and life quality improvement after joining the institution were then determined. Qualitative questions were selected about the officers' opinion of how society perceives the civil police and what it is to be a police officer in the area under study using sense interpretation method analysis. The results point to a negative image that the police officers believe society has about them, which reaffirms the bad image associated with the profession. Rejecting this negative identity, they try to distinguish the differences between the civil police and the military police officers. The conclusion is that action is required to improve working conditions and develop channels of dialogue with the community and promote health campaigns.

[Psychic suffering among civil police officers in Rio de Janeiro State]

The paper discusses the relationship between work and psychic suffering among police officers in the State of Rio de Janeiro. A questionnaire was filled out by these professionals in three separate studies: Capital Baixada Fluminense and Interior. The socio-demographic profile, quality of life, health and working conditions were investigated. Psychic suffering was measured by the SRQ-20. A logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with psychic suffering. The results showed it to be associated with the following variables: level of satisfaction with the ability to react to difficult situations; performing the work for which the officers were trained; suffering some victimization; unit location; problems in the nervous system; and degree of satisfaction with life in general. Those who reported problems in the nervous system and victimization showed an OR of 7.25 and 3.08, respectively. The professionals who considered themselves dissatisfied or very dissatisfied with the ability to react to difficult situations and life in general showed an OR of 10.85 and 6.69, respectively, compared with those who considered themselves satisfied or very satisfied. Professionals from the Baixada showed an increased risk of psychic suffering compared to a reduced risk among those from the Interior.

[Factors associated with psychological distress among military police in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil]

This study investigates factors associated with psychological distress among military police (n = 1,120) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The article describes their social, economic, and demographic characteristics, quality of life, mental health, and work conditions. Measurement of psychological distress used the Self-Reported Questionnaire. Analysis of associations used logistic regression, considering factors associated with psychological distress. The results indicate an association between psychological distress and factors such as ability to react to difficult situations, dissatisfaction with life, health problems (especially digestive, nervous, and musculoskeletal symptoms), and adverse work conditions such as excessive workload, constant stress, and victimization. The article concludes by highlighting the need for health promotion interventions for the military police, focusing especially on their mental health.