[Chronic dependence on mechanical pulmonary ventilation in pediatric care: a necessary debate for Brazil's Unified Health System]

Strategic analysis of malformations congenital care: proposal of approach and development of care pathways

This paper aims at presenting a proposal for grouping cases for the organization of health services and care pathways. This is an exploratory study in the field of health services planning and management, which used, as its methodology, documentary and bibliographic research as well as interviews with specialists by using nominal group technique. From the strategic analysis, four groups were identified: smaller CM; CM with late surgical approach; CM with immediate surgical approach; and CM incompatible with life. The proposition started from the articulation of clinical, epidemiological and health planning knowledge to assist in the management and organization of congenital malformations care. The strategic analysis proved to be adequate and allowed us to identify case groups that demand a homogeneous set of care strategies and care in health services with a similar profile. This proposal can also contribute to regional planning and management of care for other complex health problems and conditions, which demand the articulation of specialized services and high technological density.

Physiotherapy for New Actors: Disputes and Innovations in Care for Chronically Ill Children

Based on interviews with physiotherapists, we explored the arguments produced by them about their actions and the relationships of a change that has been taking place in the profile of illness in children, where an increased prevalence of complex chronic conditions has been observed. Structured in a qualitative approach, data were generated based on two provocative affirmations that generated arguments by the professionals. Data analysis revealed statements that can be referred to as results of power struggles over the performance in this new field of knowledge. Physiotherapists seek to affirm themselves through their knowledge and by approaching other professional categories, especially Medicine, in order to feel recognized and valued. However, we see that these professionals use a simpler discourse with family and caregivers, creating a bond of trust and identification with them, which facilitates their care and access to children. We point out the need for the hospital environment to be recognized as a place for the action of other categories, besides Medicine and Nursing, and the valuation in pediatric physiotherapy.

O papel da família nos planos de tratamento e no cuidado pediátrico hospitalar em condições crônicas complexas de saúde

Resumo Este artigo examina o papel da família e a interação com profissionais na elaboração do plano de tratamento e na produção do cuidado com crianças em condições crônicas complexas de saúde numa unidade pediátrica de hospital de média e alta complexidade, referência no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Através de abordagem qualitativa, empregou-se a observação participante e entrevistas com mães de pacientes e gestores, analisadas por meio da abordagem da psicossociologia francesa. Os resultados apontam limites na inclusão dos familiares nas decisões e rumos do tratamento. Entre os profissionais, constatamos posicionamentos variados, sendo dominante o uso da comunicação de tipo informativo, empregada de forma irregular, que se intensificava quando havia decisões difíceis a serem tomadas. Em algumas situações também observou-se a capacidade de acolhimento ao familiar. Pouco do contexto psicossocial foi considerado. As mães tornavam-se responsáveis por tarefas técnicas da rotina de enfermagem, às quais acrescentavam o zelo e o carinho inerentes à maternagem. O reconhecimento do entrelaçamento das funções técnicas e de maternagem favorece a vitalidade e autonomia da mãe, mas também é fonte de angústia e de alta exigência psíquica. Por vezes, as mães são vistas como instrumento no cuidado, reduzindo-se seu espaço singular como sujeito.

[Guidelines for a line of care for children and adolescents with complex chronic health conditions]

The definition of complex chronic health condition (CCHC) is important for identifying children and adolescents occupying pediatric beds in Brazilian hospitals, where they live out their childhood, requiring complex care by multidisciplinary teams in network format both in-hospital and in home care. The current article addresses guidelines for a line of care for children and adolescents with CCHCs. An expert panel validated 13 guidelines organized in three dimensions. Using the consensus conference technique, experts from different specialties validated the guidelines. We concluded that the process requires planning, professional training, and the production of an inter-sector research agenda involving other definitions, reviewing norms and conventions as to what is expected. Expectations include the ideal professional composition and profile for comprehensive care of these children and adolescents with CCHCs and safeguards for their rights, with access to a wide variety of social equipment, including but not limited to the health sector.

STRATEGIES OF FAMILIES IN THE CARE OF CHILDREN WITH CHRONIC DISEASES

ABSTRACTthis study aimed to know the strategies of families in the care of children with chronic diseases. A descriptive and exploratory research was carried out using a qualitative approach, in a Pediatric Unit of a university hospital in the south of Brazil, during the first and second halves of 2013. The study involved 15 participating families. Data were collected by means of interviews subjected to thematic analysis. It was identified as strategies: balance work, study and care, share tasks throughout the day, adapt the physical area of the house, engage the child in their own care, seek resources in the network of social support and faith, seek assistance in another city; and engage in physical activity to reduce stress. It was concluded that it is necessary that the nurses participate of the family support network, as a support source for the strengthening of the family to the care, acquiring skills and expertise to a positive coping of the child's chronic disease.

Resilience and death: the nursing professional in the care of children and adolescents with life-limiting illnesses

The purpose of this article is to analyze the resilience of the nursing staff in providing care for children and adolescents with chronic diseases, including coping with their deaths. The participants of this qualitative research were nursing professionals working in the pediatric ward of a hospital in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The data collection was obtained by applying the resilience scale, by returning the scales in groups, and by semi-structured interviews. The relationship between professional resilience and coping with the process of children and adolescent's deaths stood out in the analysis based on data obtained from group and individual interviews. The care given to children and adolescents with life-limiting illnesses triggers resilience-related answers concerning alternatives that oscillate between individual reactions (religious and psychological support), and the search for an incipient collective support based on personal relationships. This study points out that this subject must be strategically handled to train this professional, who must be able to rely on support from the collective environment, presumed within the professional health care training and in the management of humanization at the hospital.

Doenças crônicas em crianças e adolescentes: uma revisão bibliográfica

O artigo analisa artigos publicados entre 2003 e 2011 enfocando discussões sobre condições crônicas ou doenças crônicas de crianças e adolescentes. Metodologicamente conjuga a revisão de literatura a uma análise de conteúdo temática com vistas a identificar quais os elementos que caracterizam doenças crônicas em crianças e adolescentes e as especificidades geradas por essas condições. A revisão resultou na descrição do conjunto dos artigos, caracterizando-os quanto ano de publicação, país, tipo de estudo, população e condição de cronicidade abordada. A análise de conteúdo temática gerou dois temas: Definição de Doença Crônica e Formas de se lidar com as doenças crônicas em crianças e adolescentes. Destaca-se como conclusão que as transições etárias quando uma doença é diagnosticada e tratada desde a infância, vai passar por transformações que incluem a maneira como se dá o seu fluxo entre os serviços e as mudanças que envolvem processos de alta, de tomada de decisão e de construção de rede que inclua família, hospital, escola e sistema de garantia de direitos.