Fatores sociodemográficos e atividade física de lazer entre homens e mulheres de Duque de Caxias/RJ

Tobacco and alcohol consumption and health behaviors among nursing students

Objetive: To evaluate the association between attitudes, health behaviors, and the use of tobacco and alcohol among nursing students. Materials and method: Exploratory, descriptive and cross-sectional study conducted with 182 undergraduate nursing students in the countryside of São Paulo, Brazil. Sociodemographic Information Form, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test – C(AUDIT-C), Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), Attitudes and Health Behaviors Questionnaire (AHBQ), and Patient Health Questionnaire – 2 (PHQ-2) were applied. Results: More than half of the students showed appropriate health behaviors and positive attitudes. Approximately 50% of the participants had consumed alcoholic beverages in the last month. Experimental use of illicit drugs and smoking were also observed. In addition, students who reported excessive alcohol use presented a deficit in self-care. Conclusion: The precariousness in health attitudes and behaviors identified in this study was associated with various patterns of psychoactive substance use. Thus, the results indicate the need for interventions aimed at promoting well-being and a healthy lifestyle in the university environment.

Overweight and associated factors in Basic Education teachers during the Covid-19 pandemic: gender differentials

ABSTRACT Objective To estimate the prevalence of overweight among teachers in Minas Gerais during the Covid-19 pandemic and to review relevant gender associated factors. Methods Cross-sectional and analytical study, websurvey type, carried out with 15,641 teachers of public Basic Education in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Data collection took place from August to September 2020 with the use of a digital form. The dependent variable was overweight, calculated by the body mass index using the teachers’ self-reported weight and height. Poisson regression was used, with robust variance. Results Among the participating teachers, 52.4% were overweight. When stratified by gender, 51.1% women and 58.2% men were considered overweight, with a significant difference between them (p<0.001). There was a higher prevalence of overweight among women in the age group of 30 to 59 years (PR=1.39) and in women 60 years or older (PR=1.45) living in the metropolitan region of the state (PR=1.06) who had children (PR=1.19), who were not exercising (PR=1.09) and with a worse dietary pattern during the pandemic (PR=1.12), much afraid of Covid-19 (PR=1.04) and with anxiety and/or depression during the pandemic (PR=1.14). Among men, there was a higher prevalence of overweight among those individuals aged 30 to 59 years (PR=1.19), who lived with a spouse (PR=1.15) working more than 40 hours per week (PR=1.12) and those with the worst dietary pattern during the pandemic (PR=1.10). Conclusion The results showed a 52.4% prevalence of overweight teachers and different associated factors between the genders.

The Prevalence of Abdominal Adiposity among Primary Health Care Physicians in Bahia, Brazil: An Epidemiological Study

BACKGROUND

Labor activities are demanding for workers and can induce occupational stress. Primary health care (PHC) workers have faced problems that can lead to the development of stress and abdominal obesity. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of abdominal adiposity among primary health care physicians in the metropolitan mesoregion of Salvador, Bahia.

METHODS

This is a cross-sectional study conducted with physicians from the family health units (FHUs) of the metropolitan mesoregion of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. The number of FHUs corresponded to 41 teams (52 physicians). Anamnesis was performed and a questionnaire was applied. The clinical examination consisted of measuring waist circumference (WC), blood pressure levels (BP), and body mass index (BMI), as well as examining for acanthosis nigricans. Blood samples were collected for biochemical dosages. The data obtained were analyzed by SPSS version 22.0.

RESULTS

The sample included 41 physicians (response rate: 78.8%), of which 18 were women (44.0%). The percentage of overweight participants represented by BMI was 31.7%. The hypertriglyceridemia prevalence was 29.2%. HDL-c was low in 48.7% of the participants. The waist circumference measurement revealed a prevalence of abdominal adiposity of 38.8% (women) and 34.8% (men).

CONCLUSIONS

Medical professionals in PHC are more susceptible to having higher abdominal adiposity, especially female physicians.

PREVALENCE OF INJURIES IN BRAZILIAN RECREATIONAL STREET RUNNERS: META-ANALYSIS

ABSTRACT Street running is an accessible, low-cost form of exercise. However, the occurrence of musculoskeletal injuries may hinder regular practice. This study aimed at estimating the prevalence of injuries in Brazilian street runners and the associated factors. A meta-analysis of Brazilian studies was performed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of injuries in male and female recreational street runners aged ≥18 years. We excluded systematic review studies, research conducted on professional athletes or triathletes, and duplicate articles. The following databases were used: SciELO, LILACS, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Keywords such as “prevalence,” “injury,” “recreational street runners,” and “Brazil” were used. Prevalence analysis was performed using the random effect model, and a funnel plot was used to assess publication bias. Then the Begg-Mazumdar and Egger tests were applied to quantify the graph results. The Prevalence Critical Appraisal Instrument was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the studies. Associated factors were analyzed with meta-regression analysis. Twenty-three studies with 3,786 runners were included in the review. The prevalence of injury was 36.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 30.8-42.5%), and a running distance per week greater than 20 km was a predictive variable of injuries. A higher prevalence of injuries was observed in men than in women (28.3%, 95% CI 22.5-35.0%), the knee was the most affected site of injury (32.9%, 95% CI 26.7-39.6%), and muscle injuries were the most frequent type of injury (27.9%, 95% CI 18.2-40.1%). This is the first national meta-analysis conducted to investigate the prevalence of injuries in recreational street runners. Although the prevalence of injuries was moderate, caution is required in terms of the weekly duration of running. Male runners are more susceptible, and muscle and knee injuries are the most common. Level of evidence II, Systematic reviewb of Level II Studies.

[Gender and age differences in social support and body mass index in adults in Greater Metropolitan Rio de Janeiro, Brazil]

The objective was to investigate gender and age differences in the association between dimensions of social support and body mass index (BMI) in a sample of 1,465 adults (20 to 59 years) in a population-based study in Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Anthropometry was conducted by trained evaluators and social support obtained by the Medical Outcomes Study, adapted and validated for the Brazilian population. The analyses were performed with multiple linear regressions, stratified by gender and age bracket, considering the sample's expansion factor and complex design. Obesity prevalence was 28% in women and 16.2% in men. After adjusting for confounders, a negative association was observed between social support and BMI in men 40-49 years of age, and in emotional support/information (β = -2.04), and positive social interaction (β = -2.40). There was a positive association for social support and BMI in men 50-59 years of age in emotional support/information (β = 1.84). The study indicates that social support can protect against obesity in men in some dimensions and age brackets. However, social support does not appear to be a protective factor in women.

Low fruit consumption and omission of daily meals as risk factors for increased blood pressure in adults

A population-based cross-sectional survey with cluster sampling design and with inverse sampling was conducted in 2010, in a sample of 1590 adults (19-60 years old) exposed to a high prevalence of food insecurity, in the municipality of Duque de Caxias, metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The objective of the study was to evaluate the association of socio-demographic factors, the consumption of fruits and vegetables and the number of meals with increased blood pressure (BP). A hierarchical model that considered variables related to the basic, intermediate and immediate determinants of increased BP was adopted. By using Poisson's regression, univariate models were tested to obtain the prevalence ratio (PR) and its respective 95 % CI. After fitting the model, age (age group 50-59 years) (PR 1·62; 95 % CI 1·09, 2·41), low consumption of fruits in a week (PR 1·37; 95 % CI 1·07, 1·74), fewer meals per day (PR 1·72; 95 % CI 1·21, 2·43) and overweight (PR 1·78; 95 % CI 1·31, 2·20) remained significantly associated with increased BP. Therefore, the results found here reinforce the importance of encouraging and developing strategies that ensure access to healthy foods to minimise increased BP in similar populations.

[Leisure-time physical activities among adults in Florianopolis, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil: a population-based study on the characteristics of the practices and the practitioners]

The study established characteristics of practices and practitioners of leisure-time physical activities among adults in Florianopolis, Brazil. It was a population-based, cross-sectional survey conducted between September 2009 and January 2010. Leisure-time physical activity was assessed using a validated questionnaire. Walking and weight lifting were the most frequently reported activities. Vigorous physical activities were more frequent among men and young adults. There were no gender or age differences in relation to the frequency and duration of physical activities. Walking and gymnastics were more frequently practiced by women, and jogging and soccer by men. Age was positively associated with walking, and negatively with soccer and weight lifting. Caucasian and black males practiced gymnastics and soccer more frequently. Adults living with a partner practiced more walking and soccer, and less weight lifting. Educational level was directly associated with jogging and gymnastics, but inversely with soccer. Income was inversely associated with soccer and directly associated with weight lifting. Policies to promote physical activity should consider the different interests of the population to stimulate the scope of their practice in leisure-time.

Fatores associados ao excesso de peso em adultos usuários de restaurantes populares em Belo Horizonte, Brasil

O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar o estado nutricional dos usuários dos restaurantes e refeitório populares de Belo Horizonte e identificar fatores associados ao excesso de peso. Estudo analítico transversal, conduzido em adultos de ambos os sexos, nos restaurantes e refeitório populares de Belo Horizonte. O excesso de peso, variável dependente, foi diagnosticado por meio do índice de massa corporal (IMC > 25 kg/m2) e correlacionado com as variáveis sociodemográficas e nível de atividade física. Os dados foram obtidos por meio da aferição direta do peso e da altura e de questionário semiestruturado. Participaram do estudo 1334 indivíduos, sendo a maioria do sexo masculino. A prevalência de excesso de peso foi de 42,9% entre os homens e 45,8% entre as mulheres. Os fatores positivamente associados ao excesso de peso foram: maior idade para ambos os sexos, possuir parceiro para as mulheres e menor prática de atividade física e classe socioeconômica mais elevada para os homens. A identificação dos fatores associados ao excesso de peso revela a necessidade da implantação de uma programação sistemática e eficaz de educação alimentar e nutricional para a prevenção e a remediação desse agravo, para que os restaurantes populares cumpram seu objetivo.

Fatores demográficos e hábitos de vida relacionados com a inatividade física de lazer entre gêneros

OBJETIVO: Analisar a associação entre variáveis sociodemográficas e hábitos de vida com Inatividade Física de Lazer, entre os sexos, em população de baixa renda. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal de base populacional, em Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro (2005). A coleta de dados constou de visita domiciliar e amostra de 1 113 adultos. Foram avaliados alguns dados sobre Atividade Física de Lazer, informações sociodemográficas, hábitos de vida (hábito de fumar, consumo de refrigerantes) e medidas antropométricas. Na análise de dados foi empregado o modelo hierárquico, utilizando a regressão de Poisson e a Inatividade Física de Lazer (indivíduos que responderam não praticar nenhum tipo de Atividade Física de Lazer) como desfecho. O primeiro nível do modelo considerou variáveis sociodemográficas e o segundo, o estado nutricional (índice de massa corporal em kg/m² (baixo peso <18,5; eutrófico ≥18,5 e <25,0; sobrepeso ≥25,0 e <30,0; e obeso ≥30,0), hábitos de vida e consumo alimentar. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de Inatividade Física de Lazer foi de 33,0% (IC95%: 28,6-37,6) para os homens, e 67,0% (IC95%: 62,3-71,3) para as mulheres. No modelo final, entre os homens, a Inatividade Física de Lazer foi associada com excesso de peso (sobrepeso: RP=1,50, obesidade: RP=1,50, p-valor=0,004) e cor de pele (pretos/pardos: RP=0,71, p-valor=0,003). Entre mulheres, a Inatividade Física de Lazer foi associada com escolaridade (RP=1,15, p-valor=0,019), perímetro de cintura (RP=0,87, p-valor=0,042), hábito de fumar (RP=1,17, p-valor=0,003) e maior ingestão de refrigerantes (RP=1,22, p-valor=0,015). CONCLUSÃO: Os fatores associados com a Inatividade Física de Lazer diferiram entre os gêneros. As mulheres possuíam estilos de vida não saudáveis, ou seja, fumavam, consumiam mais refrigerantes, e eram mais inativas fisicamente.