Efeitos de diversos fatores sobre o comportamento alimentar de adolescentes

Jovens Insatisfeitos com a Imagem Corporal: Estresse, Autoestima e Problemas Alimentares

Resumo Jovens correm riscos para transtornos alimentares. Este estudo verificou as relações entre imagem corporal (IC), estresse percebido, autoestima, comportamento alimentar e Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) em 238 adolescentes e jovens (14-20 anos; 62,2% meninas), respondendo ao Eating Atittudes Test, Escala de Estresse Percebido, Silhouette Matching Task e Inventário de Autoestima, medindo-se peso e altura (IMC). Meninas apresentaram riscos para distúrbios alimentares, maior preocupação com IC, mais estresse e menor autoestima; meninos desejam ser mais musculosos. Pela análise de redes, comportamento alimentar e IMC não se associaram, divergindo de outros estudos. Houve relações positivas entre IC e IMC e, entre fator dieta e fator bulimia; foram negativas as relações entre autoestima e estresse, e entre IC e sexo. Foram identificadas relações que podem subsidiar intervenções preventivas e centradas em variáveis, como a preocupação em emagrecer, estresse e autoestima em meninas, e o desejo de aumentar a massa corporal nos meninos.

Body dissatisfaction among pregnant women: an integrative review of the literature

The body image of pregnant women is an issue that should be further investigated by professionals in the area, especially in view of the fact that maternal and infant health has gained such prominence. The scope of this integrative review is to analyze the literature relating to body image and body dissatisfaction among pregnant women. Research was based on articles extracted from the Scopus, PubMed, BVS and PsycINFO databases, by cross-referencing "pregnancy" with the keywords "body image" and "body dissatisfaction." Once the inclusion and exclusion criteria had been adopted, forty studies were analyzed. These produced inconclusive data about body dissatisfaction during pregnancy. Symptoms of depression, low self-esteem, an inadequate approach towards healthy eating and weight gain above recommended limits have been associated with a negative body image. The contradictory findings could be related to the different instruments used to measure body image. In view of the possible impact that a negative body image can have on maternal and infant health during pregnancy, it is recommended that further investigations are made, in particular related to the development of a specific tool to evaluate the body image of pregnant women.

An association between the internalization of body image, depressive symptoms and restrictive eating habits among young males

The scope of this study was to analyze the relationship between the internalization of body image and depressive symptoms with restrictive eating habits among young males. Three hundred and eighty-three male adolescents, aged between twelve and seventeen, took part in this survey. The "Overall Internalization" and "Athletic Internalization" sub-scales taken from the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3 (SATAQ-3) were used to evaluate the internalization of body images. The Major Depression Inventory (MDI) was used to evaluate depressive symptoms. The "Diet" sub-scale from the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) was used to evaluate restrictive eating habits. The logistic regression findings indicated 2.01 times greater chances of youngsters with a high level of overall internalization adopting restrictive eating habits (Wald = 6.16; p = 0.01) when compared with those with low levels. On the other hand, the regression model found no significant association between "Athletic Internalization" (Wald = 1.16; p = 0.23) and depressive symptoms (Wald = 0.81; p = 0.35) with eating restrictions. The findings made it possible to conclude that only overall internalization was related to eating restrictions among young males.

Risk behaviors for eating disorders and depressive symptoms: a study of female adolescents in Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais State, Brazil

The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between depressive symptoms and eating disorders in female adolescents. The sample included 371 girls ranging from 12 to 16 years of age in Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The study used the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) and Major Depression Inventory (MDI) to evaluate eating disorders and depressive symptoms, respectively. The linear regression model showed that 18% of the EAT-26 scores were influenced by MDI (F(1, 370) = 14.18; p = 0.001). Moreover, the findings indicated a statistically significant association between depressive symptoms and eating disorders (χ2 = 14.71; Wald = 12.90; p = 0.001). The authors concluded that depressive symptoms were related to eating disorders in female adolescents. Thus, girls with some level of depression showed a greater tendency to adopt disordered eating as a daily habit.