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Joerin-Luque IA, Sukow NM, Bucco ID, Tessaro JG, Lopes CVG, Barbosa AAL, Beltrame MH. Ancestry, diversity, and genetics of health-related traits in African-derived communities (quilombos) from Brazil. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:74. [PMID: 36867305 PMCID: PMC9982798 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-00999-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Brazilian quilombos are communities formed by enslaved Africans and their descendants all over the country during slavery and shortly after its abolition. Quilombos harbor a great fraction of the largely unknown genetic diversity of the African diaspora in Brazil. Thus, genetic studies in quilombos have the potential to provide important insights not only into the African roots of the Brazilian population but also into the genetic bases of complex traits and human adaptation to diverse environments. This review summarizes the main results of genetic studies performed on quilombos so far. Here, we analyzed the patterns of African, Amerindian, European, and subcontinental ancestry (within Africa) of quilombos from the five different geographic regions of Brazil. In addition, uniparental markers (from the mtDNA and the Y chromosome) studies are analyzed together to reveal demographic processes and sex-biased admixture that occurred during the formation of these unique populations. Lastly, the prevalence of known malaria-adaptive African mutations and other African-specific variants discovered in quilombos, as well as the genetic bases of health-related traits, are discussed here, together with their implication for the health of populations of African descent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iriel A Joerin-Luque
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Genética, Laboratório de Genética Molecular Humana, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal Do Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil.
| | - Natalie Mary Sukow
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Genética, Laboratório de Genética Molecular Humana, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal Do Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Isabela Dall'Oglio Bucco
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular Humana, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal Do Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Joana Gehlen Tessaro
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular Humana, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal Do Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Angélica Leal Barbosa
- Laboratório de Biologia E Genética Humana, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual Do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), Campus de Jequié, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Marcia H Beltrame
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Genética, Laboratório de Genética Molecular Humana, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal Do Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil
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Gontijo CC, Guerra Amorim CE, Godinho NMO, Toledo RCP, Nunes A, Silva W, Da Fonseca Moura MM, De Oliveira JCC, Pagotto RC, De Nazaré Klautau-Guimarães M, De Oliveira SF. Brazilian quilombos: A repository of Amerindian alleles. Am J Hum Biol 2014; 26:142-50. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Carvalho Gontijo
- Laboratório de Genética, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília; 70910-900 Brasília DF Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Guerra Amorim
- Laboratório de Genética, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília; 70910-900 Brasília DF Brazil
| | - Neide Maria Oliveira Godinho
- Laboratório de Genética, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília; 70910-900 Brasília DF Brazil
- Instituto de Criminalística Leonardo Rodrigues; 74425-030 Goiânia GO Brazil
| | - Rafaela Cesare Parmezan Toledo
- Laboratório de Genética, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília; 70910-900 Brasília DF Brazil
| | - Adriana Nunes
- Departamento de Arqueologia; Universidade Federal de Rondônia; 76801-059 Porto Velho RO Brazil
| | - Wellington Silva
- Faculdade Adventista da Bahia; Caixa Postal 18 44300-000 Cachoeira BA Brazil
| | | | | | - Rubiani C. Pagotto
- Departamento de Biologia; Universidade Federal de Rondônia; 76801-059 Porto Velho RO Brazil
| | - Maria De Nazaré Klautau-Guimarães
- Laboratório de Genética, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília; 70910-900 Brasília DF Brazil
| | - Silviene Fabiana De Oliveira
- Laboratório de Genética, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília; 70910-900 Brasília DF Brazil
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine; University of Connecticut Health Center; 06032 Farmington CT, USA
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De Oliveira MZ, Schüler-Faccini L, Demarchi DA, Alfaro EL, Dipierri JE, Veronez MR, Colling Cassel M, Tagliani-Ribeiro A, Silveira Matte U, Ramallo V. So close, so far away: analysis of surnames in a town of twins (Cândido Godói, Brazil). Ann Hum Genet 2013; 77:125-36. [PMID: 23369099 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cândido Godói is a small Brazilian town known for high rates of twin birth. In 2011, a genetic study showed that this localized high rate of twin births could be explained by a genetic founder effect. Here we used isonymic analysis and surname distribution to identify population subgroups within 5316 inhabitants and 665 different surnames. Four clusters were constructed based on different twin rates (P < 0.001; MRPP test). Fisher's α and consanguinity index showed low and high values, respectively, corresponding with observed values in isolated communities with high levels of genetic drift. Values of A and B estimators confirmed population isolation. Three boundaries were identified with Monmonier's maximum difference algorithm (P = 0.007). Inside the isolated sections, surnames of different geographic origins, language, and religion were represented. With an adequate statistical methodology, surname analyses provided a close approximation of historic and socioeconomic background at the moment of colony settlement. In this context, the maintenance of social and cultural practices had strong implications for the population's structure leading to drift processes in this small town, supporting the previous genetic study.
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Wiezel CEV, Luizon MR, Sousa SMB, Santos LMW, Muniz YCN, Mendes-Junior CT, Simões AL. Y-linked microsatellites in Amazonian Amerindians applied to ancestry estimates in Brazilian Afro-derived populations. Am J Hum Biol 2013; 25:313-7. [PMID: 23348861 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Proper ancestral populations are required to determine accurate ancestry estimates for Afro-derived Brazilian populations. Herein, we have genotyped Y-STRs in Amazonian Amerindians to determine the ancestral contribution in quilombo remnant communities. METHODS The frequencies for five Y-chromosome linked microsatellites (DYS19, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, and DYS393) were characterized in four Amerindian tribes from Brazilian Amazon (Tikúna, Baníwa, Kashinawa, and Kanamarí), and in four quilombo remnants (Mimbó, Sítio Velho, Gaucinha, and São Gonçalo) and two urban populations (Teresina and Jequié) from Northeastern Brazil. We then estimated the male genetic ancestry in each admixed population. Moreover, we performed analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), FST , haplotype diversity, and principal component analysis. RESULTS Lower haplotype diversity (h) values were observed for Tikúna compared with other tribes. Quilombo remnants exhibited higher h levels ranging from 0.893 ± 0.027 in Sítio Velho to 0.963 ± 0.033 in São Gonçalo. African ancestry estimates ranged from 0.529 ± 0.027 in Mimbó to 0.602 ± 0.086 in Sítio Velho. Conversely, European contribution was 0.795 ± 0.045 in Teresina and 0.826 ± 0.040 in Jequié. CONCLUSIONS FST and principal component analysis indicate homogeneity in the male genetic constitution among the quilombo remnants analyzed. Data on Amerindians allowed accurate ancestry estimates, which indicated a higher African contribution, followed by a considerable European contribution for these quilombo remnants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia E V Wiezel
- Departamento de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Almeida RC, Gandolfi L, De Nazaré Klautau‐Guimarães M, Ferrari Í, Sousa SM, Abe‐Sandes K, Barbosa AA, Simões AL, Pratesi R, Oliveira SF. Does celiac disease occur in Afro‐derived Brazilian populations? Am J Hum Biol 2012; 24:710-2. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2011] [Revised: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo C. Almeida
- Faculdade de Medicina, Centro de Pesquisa em Doença Celíaca, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Lenora Gandolfi
- Faculdade de Medicina, Centro de Pesquisa em Doença Celíaca, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Maria De Nazaré Klautau‐Guimarães
- Laboratório de Genética, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Íris Ferrari
- Laboratório de Genética, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Sandra M.B. Sousa
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Kiyoko Abe‐Sandes
- Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ana A.L. Barbosa
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Jequié, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Aguinaldo L. Simões
- Campus Ribeirão Preto, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Genética, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Riccardo Pratesi
- Faculdade de Medicina, Centro de Pesquisa em Doença Celíaca, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Silviene F. Oliveira
- Laboratório de Genética, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
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Abe-Sandes K, Bomfim TF, Machado TMB, Abe-Sandes C, Acosta AX, Alves CRB, Castro Filho BG. Ancestralidade Genômica, nível socioeconômico e vulnerabilidade ao HIV/aids na Bahia, Brasil. SAUDE E SOCIEDADE 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-12902010000600008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
O curso clínico da infecção pelo HIV é determinado por complexas interações entre características virais e o hospedeiro. Variações no hospedeiro, a exemplo das mutações CCR5Δ32 e CCR264I, são importantes para a vulnerabilidade e progressão do HIV/aids. Atualmente, observa-se um aumento do número de casos da infecção entre os segmentos da sociedade com menor nível de escolaridade e pior condição socioeconômica. Com o objetivo de estimar a ancestralidade e verificar a sua associação com renda, escolaridade vulnerabilidade e progressão ao HIV/aids foram analisados 517 indivíduos infectados pelo HIV-1, sendo 289 homens e 224 mulheres. Os pacientes foram classificados segundo a ancestralidade genômica avaliada por 10 AIMs e pela vulnerabilidade e progressão ao HIV/aids através das mutações CCR5Δ32 e CCR264I. Os indivíduos infectados pelo HIV-1 apresentaram contribuição africana de 47%. As mutações CCR5Δ32 e CCR264I foram mais frequentes nos indivíduos brancos (3%) e negros (18%) respectivamente, e essas mutações mostraram frequência mais elevada nos tipicamente progressores (TP), quando comparados com os rapidamente progressores (RP) para aids. Não foi encontrada associação entre ancestralidade e vulnerabilidade ao HIV na análise para o grau de instrução. A pauperização da infecção pelo HIV-1 nessa população foi confirmada pela relação inversa entre renda e ancestralidade africana, pois quanto menor a renda maior a ancestralidade africana. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem associação entre as condições socioeconômicas e vulnerabilidade ao HIV/aids da população afrodescendente.
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Dos Santos Silva W, de Nazaré Klautau-Guimarães M, Grisolia CK. β-globin haplotypes in normal and hemoglobinopathic individuals from Reconcavo Baiano, State of Bahia, Brazil. Genet Mol Biol 2010; 33:411-7. [PMID: 21637405 PMCID: PMC3036130 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572010005000042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2009] [Accepted: 01/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Five restriction site polymorphisms in the β-globin gene cluster (HincII-5‘ ε, HindIII-G γ, HindIII-A γ, HincII- ψβ1 and HincII-3‘ ψβ1) were analyzed in three populations (n = 114) from Reconcavo Baiano, State of Bahia, Brazil. The groups included two urban populations from the towns of Cachoeira and Maragojipe and one rural Afro-descendant population, known as the “quilombo community”, from Cachoeira municipality. The number of haplotypes found in the populations ranged from 10 to 13, which indicated higher diversity than in the parental populations. The haplotypes 2 (+ - - - -), 3 (- - - - +), 4 (- + - - +) and 6 (- + + - +) on the βA chromosomes were the most common, and two haplotypes, 9 (- + + + +) and 14 (+ + - - +), were found exclusively in the Maragojipe population. The other haplotypes (1, 5, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 16) had lower frequencies. Restriction site analysis and the derived haplotypes indicated homogeneity among the populations. Thirty-two individuals with hemoglobinopathies (17 sickle cell disease, 12 HbSC disease and 3 HbCC disease) were also analyzed. The haplotype frequencies of these patients differed significantly from those of the general population. In the sickle cell disease subgroup, the predominant haplotypes were BEN (Benin) and CAR (Central African Republic), with frequencies of 52.9% and 32.4%, respectively. The high frequency of the BEN haplotype agreed with the historical origin of the afro-descendant population in the state of Bahia. However, this frequency differed from that of Salvador, the state capital, where the CAR and BEN haplotypes have similar frequencies, probably as a consequence of domestic slave trade and subsequent internal migrations to other regions of Brazil.
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HLA-Bw4-B*57 and Cw*18 alleles are associated with plasma viral load modulation in HIV-1 infected individuals in Salvador, Brazil. Braz J Infect Dis 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1413-8670(10)70095-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Cordeiro Q, Souza BR, Correa H, Guindalini C, Hutz MH, Vallada H, Romano-Silva MA. A review of psychiatric genetics research in the Brazilian population. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2009; 31:154-62. [DOI: 10.1590/s1516-44462009000200013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2008] [Accepted: 12/04/2008] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND METHOD: A large increase in the number of Brazilian studies on psychiatric genetics has been observed in the 1970's since the first publications conducted by a group of researchers in Brazil. Here we reviewed the literature and evaluated the advantages and difficulties of psychiatric genetic studies in the Brazilian population. CONCLUSION: The Brazilian population is one of the most heterogeneous populations in the world, formed mainly by the admixture between European, African and Native American populations. Although the admixture process is not a particularity of the Brazilian population, much of the history and social development in Brazil underlies the ethnic melting pot we observe nowadays. Such ethnical heterogeneity of the Brazilian population obviously brings some problems when performing genetic studies. However, the Brazilian population offers a number of particular characteristics that are of major interest when genetic studies are carried out, such as the presence of isolated populations. Thus, differences in the genetic profile and in the exposure to environmental risks may result in different interactions and pathways to psychopathology.
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