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ZIZZA A, GRIMA P, ANDREASSI M, TUMOLO M, BORGHINI A, DE DONNO A, NEGRO P, GUIDO M. HIV infection and frequency of micronucleus in human peripheral blood cells. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2019; 60:E191-E196. [PMID: 31650053 PMCID: PMC6797881 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2019.60.3.1054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Purpose People living with HIV have higher rates of malignancies than the general population in the era of active antiretroviral therapy (ART). Genotoxic effects of HIV infection and/or ART that can induce neoplastic development are not yet well known. A prospective cohort study to investigate DNA damage measured through the micronuclei (MN) frequency in HIV-patients has been performed. Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from 52 HIV-patients treated with ART and 55 healthy controls. Results By the comparison of MN frequency, a significant difference between HIV-patients (15.5 ± 9.8) and controls (6.0 ± 3.6) (p < 0.001) has been revealed. In univariate linear regression analysis, HCV infection (r = 0.31; p < 0.001), HIV-RNA (r = 0.29; p < 0.03) and duration of infection (r = – 0.16; p < 0.25) were associated with MN frequency; while only viral load (VL) significantly correlates (r = 0.29; p < 0.05) in a multiple regression model. Conclusions The association of VL with MN frequency supports a genotoxic effect of HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. ZIZZA
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Lecce, Italy
- Correspondence: Antonella Zizza, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy - Tel. +39 0832 422306 - Fax +39 0832 422340 -
| | - P. GRIMA
- Infectious Diseases Operative Unit, Vito Fazzi Hospital, Lecce, Italy
| | - M.G. ANDREASSI
- Genetics Unit, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - M.R. TUMOLO
- Institute for Research on Population and Social Policies, National Research Council, Brindisi, Italy
| | - A. BORGHINI
- Genetics Unit, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - A. DE DONNO
- Laboratory of Hygiene, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
- Inter-University Centre of Research on Influenza and other Transmissible Infections (CIRI-IT), Genoa, Italy
| | - P. NEGRO
- Immunohaematology and Transfusion Medicine Unit, Vito Fazzi Hospital, Lecce, Italy
| | - M. GUIDO
- Laboratory of Hygiene, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
- Inter-University Centre of Research on Influenza and other Transmissible Infections (CIRI-IT), Genoa, Italy
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Shah S, Singaraju S, Bertin ET, Singaraju M, Sharma A. Quantification of micronuclei in exfoliated cells of human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS-infected female patients. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2019; 23:301. [PMID: 31516242 PMCID: PMC6714255 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_251_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Micronucleus (MN) is a biomarker for cytotoxicity, which is formed during cell division. Increased MN scoring has been successfully used to recognize population groups at risk for cancers of oral cavity, cervix, urinary bladder and esophagus. Incorporating MN score along with cytological smear testing gives a better and cost-effective screening for high-risk patients. Objective This study evaluated the effectiveness of using MN score assessed from Papanicolaou (PAP) smears, as a biomarker for chromosomal damage in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients. Materials and Methods Oral smears of 25 female HIV/AIDS patients, without habits such as chewing or smoking tobacco, and taking antiretroviral therapy (ART) at ART center, were recruited for the study. After careful oral examination and oral rinsing with normal saline, smears were prepared on slides by scraping the buccal mucosa with a wooden spatula. All the slides were fixed in 95% ethyl alcohol and stained with PAP stain, and 1000 cells were counted per patient. Based on Tolbert et al.'s criteria, MNs were identified, and quantitative scoring of MN was done on the basis of morphological assay. Results Mean ± standard deviation values of frequency of MNs in HIV-infected females were 73.40 ± 19.70 and in normal females were 38.08 ± 8.56. Conclusion MN scoring on the epithelial cells of buccal mucosa can be used as a biomarker in screening procedures for HIV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehal Shah
- Consultant Oral Pathologist, Central Lab, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sasidhar Singaraju
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Rishiraj College of Dental Sciences and Research Center, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Einstein T Bertin
- Maitri Dental College and Research Center, Durg, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Medhini Singaraju
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Rishiraj College of Dental Sciences and Research Center, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ashish Sharma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Rishiraj College of Dental Sciences and Research Center, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Grando AC, Guimarães NN, de Souza AP, Lehmann M, Cunha KS, Dihl RR. Assessment of complex genomic alterations induced by AZT, 3TC, and the combination AZT +3TC. Drug Chem Toxicol 2018; 43:429-434. [PMID: 30208744 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2018.1504959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimens are based on the use of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), which are the main drugs used by patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The use of NRTIs combinations has afforded clear clinical benefits to patients undergoing HAART. However, the combination of two NRTIs may increase the risk of genomic instability in comparison with the drugs administered individually. We analyzed the ability of zidovudine (AZT) and lamivudine (3TC), and the combination AZT +3TC to induce complex genomic alterations using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-K1 cells. The 24-h cell treatment with individual NRTIs showed that AZT increased micronucleus frequencies and nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs). No significant differences were observed for any parameters investigated after exposure of CHO-K1 cells to 3TC. The combination AZT +3TC significantly increased micronucleus frequencies. Analysis of interaction between these drugs suggested that antagonism occurs in all AZT +3TC concentrations. These results highlight the importance to investigate the genotoxic profile of NRTIs to develop safer intervention strategies in antiretroviral treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allyne Cristina Grando
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicity and Cellular Toxic-Genetic Analysis, Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil, Canoas, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Paula de Souza
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicity and Cellular Toxic-Genetic Analysis, Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil, Canoas, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Lehmann
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicity and Cellular Toxic-Genetic Analysis, Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil, Canoas, Brazil
| | - Kênya Silva Cunha
- Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Goiás, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Dihl
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicity and Cellular Toxic-Genetic Analysis, Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil, Canoas, Brazil
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de Moraes Filho AV, Carvalho CDJS, Carneiro CC, do Vale CR, Lima DCDS, Carvalho WF, Vieira TB, Silva DDME, Cunha KS, Chen-Chen L. Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Effects of Antiretroviral Combinations in Mice Bone Marrow. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165706. [PMID: 27806085 PMCID: PMC5091838 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Commonly used guidelines for the management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (highly active antiretroviral therapy, HAART) include drug combinations such as tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) + lamivudine (3TC) and combivir [zidovudine (AZT) + 3TC] + efavirenz (EFV). These combinations may enhance the genotoxic effects induced by such drugs individually, since the therapy requires lifelong adherence and the drugs have unknown effects during treatment. Thus, the evaluation of the benefits and risks of HAART is of great importance. In order to assess the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of three concentrations of each of the antiretroviral combinations TDF + 3TC (800 + 400, 1600 + 800, and 3200 + 1600 mg/kg body weight, BW) and combivir + EFV (200 + 100 + 400, 400 + 200 + 800, and 800 + 400 + 1600 mg/kg BW) after two exposure periods (24 h and 48 h), in the present study the in vivo comet assay (single-cell gel electrophoresis) and the mouse bone marrow micronucleus test were used. Neither TDF + 3TC nor combivir + EFV induced DNA damage at any concentrations tested after 24 h or 48 h using the comet assay. After 24 h, both combinations increased the micronucleus frequency at all concentrations tested. After 48 h, combivir + EFV increased the micronucleated polychromatic erythrocyte (MNPCE) frequency at the two highest concentrations tested. Polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE)/normochromatic erythrocytes (NCE) ratio was high for both combinations, suggesting that they can be mitogenic. Since genotoxicity may be related to carcinogenesis, it is necessary to conduct further studies to verify the long-term mutagenic effects of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aroldo Vieira de Moraes Filho
- Laboratório de Radiobiologia e Mutagênese, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Campus Samambaia, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Caixa Postal 131, 74001–970, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Cláudia de Jesus Silva Carvalho
- Laboratório de Radiobiologia e Mutagênese, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Campus Samambaia, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Caixa Postal 131, 74001–970, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Cristiene Costa Carneiro
- Laboratório de Radiobiologia e Mutagênese, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Campus Samambaia, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Caixa Postal 131, 74001–970, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Camila Regina do Vale
- Laboratório de Radiobiologia e Mutagênese, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Campus Samambaia, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Caixa Postal 131, 74001–970, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Débora Cristina da Silva Lima
- Laboratório de Radiobiologia e Mutagênese, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Campus Samambaia, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Caixa Postal 131, 74001–970, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Wanessa Fernandes Carvalho
- Laboratório de Radiobiologia e Mutagênese, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Campus Samambaia, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Caixa Postal 131, 74001–970, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Thiago Bernardi Vieira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus Universitário de Nova Xavantina, BR 158, Caixa Postal 8, 78.690–000, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil
| | - Daniela de Melo e Silva
- Laboratório de Radiobiologia e Mutagênese, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Campus Samambaia, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Caixa Postal 131, 74001–970, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Kênya Silva Cunha
- Laboratório de Radiobiologia e Mutagênese, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Campus Samambaia, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Caixa Postal 131, 74001–970, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Lee Chen-Chen
- Laboratório de Radiobiologia e Mutagênese, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Campus Samambaia, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Caixa Postal 131, 74001–970, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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