Comparação do estado nutricional infantil com utilização de diferentes curvas de crescimento

Comparison of adequacy of birth weight for gestational age according to different intrauterine growth curves

Abstract Objectives: to compare the assessment of the adequacy of birth weight for gestational age according to different intrauterine growth curves. Methods: across-sectional study, which analyzed gestational and neonatal information from 344 mother-newborn binomials. Birth weight data were analyzed using the International Fetal and New Born Growth Consortium for the 21st Century (INTERGROWTH-21st) and compared with the growth curves proposed by Alexander et al. and Fenton & Kim. Newborns were classified as small for gestational age (SGA), suitablefor gestational age (SUGA) or large for gestational age (LGA). Results: among the newborns, 51.2% were male, and 93.0% were born at term. Higher prevalence of SUGA and LGA and lower SGA was found by the INTERGROWTH-21st curves when compared to the references of Fenton & Kim and Alexander et al. Moderate agreement was observed in detecting birth weight by different growth curves. Conclusions: there was a lower detection of SGA infants and a higher screening, especially of LGA infants, in the INTERGROWTH-21st evaluation, when compared to the growth curves of Fenton & Kim and Alexander et al.

Nutritional Status Trends in Brazilian Preschoolers: A Cohort Study

Background: Determining trends in the nutritional status of children may guide care prevention beyond this age in an effort to reduce the prevalence and incidence of overweight and/or obese children. The objective of this study is to evaluate the evolution of the nutritional status of preschool children in two moments, with an interval of 2 years. Methods: This is a cohort study of a random probabilistic sample of preschool children attending public schools within an urban area of high human development index city, in the hinterland of São Paulo state. In 2016, we reassessed the nutritional status of 351 preschoolers evaluated in 2014, comparing the prevalence of overweight according to BMI >1 z-score. Results: The prevalence of overweight was 31.05% (2014) and 31.06% (2016) and mean BMI z-scores were 0.58 and 0.57, respectively. The nutritional status classification of the preschool children showed almost no agreement between the two time points (κ = 0.053). Nevertheless, children with overweight in 2014 had a relative risk of 1.96 of being overweight or obese in 2016 (p = 0.0473). Conclusions: Prevalence of overweight among preschoolers was the same at 2 and 5 years of age, with no tendency to grow. Despite this, 2-year-old preschoolers with overweight present a twofold higher relative risk for excessive weight at 5 years of age. These changes of nutritional status at preschool age evince the great flexibility of their nutritional condition during this period of life.

Secular trends and factors associated with overweight among Brazilian preschool children: PNSN-1989, PNDS-1996, and 2006/07

OBJECTIVE

to describe the secular trends in overweight among preschool children in the years 1989, 1996, and 2006, and to identify risk factors associated with this condition in 2006.

METHODS

anthropometric data from three surveys (1989, 1996, and 2006) with a representative sample of the population were analyzed. Overweight was defined as the weight-for-height Z-score. The multivariable models of overweight association with risk factors were generated by Poisson regression, and the estimates were shown as prevalence ratios with their respective 95% confidence intervals (PR [95% CI]).

RESULTS

throughout the 17-year period studied, the relative prevalence of overweight in preschoolers increased by 160% in Brazil, representing an increase of 9.4% per year. Based on data from the National Survey on Demography and Health of Women and Children - 2006/07, four multivariable models were created (macro-environmental, maternal, individual, and final model) assuming hierarchy among the risk factors. In the final model, only the following remained associated with overweight: regions South/Southeast (1.55 [1.17 to 2.06]), middle-class (1.35 [1.02 to 1.77]), maternal obesity (1.66 [1.22 to 2.27]), birth weight ≥ 3.9kg (1.87 [1.31 to 2.67]), and being an only child or having only one sibling (1.81 [1.31 to 2.49]).

CONCLUSION

the prevalence of overweight among preschool children in Brazil has increased dramatically over the past 17 years, and it was higher in the 1996-2006 period. Future strategies for prevention and control of overweight in public health should focus or intensify actions in communities that are characterized by the presence of the risks identified in the present study.