Consumo frequente de bebidas alcoólicas por adolescentes escolares: estudo de fatores associados

Drug Use among the Elderly Assisted by the Psychosocial Assistance Center in District Federal-Brasilia

The inadequate and abusive usage of psychoactive substances is something real that affects Brazil’s elderly population, and it is a huge challenge for the public health system and its professionals. Aware of the social impact involving the use of illegal drugs, in 2002, the Ministry of Health instituted a network of psychosocial assistance as a strategy to deal with the problem. This study carried out an analysis of the profile of use of legal and illegal drugs by the elderly who are assisted by the network of psychosocial assistance in the Federal District. A quantitative and analytical study with secondary data collection, using patient records held in the CAPS-AD in the Federal District. The inclusion criteria were people of 60 and over who were users of alcohol and other drugs and who sought assistance at CAPS-AD between 2000 and 2017. A total of 408 medical records were analyzed concerning social demographic variations, types of rehabilitation services sought, types of substances consumed, associations between drugs consumed, time of consumption, and adherence to the treatment. Most of the elderly users were male (85.3%), on average 64 ± 4.42 years old. Regarding the drugs consumed, the highest quantity was for illegal substances (76%), compared to the legal ones (23%). No significant difference was found between males (OR = 1.1) and females (OR = 0.74) regarding the use or abuse of multiple drugs. The elderly used both legal and illegal drugs for a long period of time, with low adherence to the treatment, and alcohol consumption among the elderly prevailed above the other psychoactive substances.

ADOLESCENTS ATTENDING PUBLIC SCHOOLS: DRUG USE, SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate drug use among adolescents attending public schools and its association with the social determinants of health and spatial distribution. Methods: a cross-sectional study carried out between 2020 and 2021 in which the Drug Use Screening Inventory (DUSI) and sociodemographic questionnaires were applied to 226 students attending 9th year of Fundamental Education in public schools from a city of Minas Gerais. A descriptive analysis was performed by means of Fisher's Exact Test. Results: regarding alcohol consumption, only the “age” variable was significant. As for tobacco, the “age”, “parents' marital status” and “who do you live with?” variables presented a significant association. The other psychoactive substances did not present significant associations. In relation to the spatial distribution, the highest intensity of problems was concentrated in leisure/recreational activities. Conclusion: alcohol and tobacco use is associated with the social determinants referring to the social network and personal factors, such as age.

ADOLESCENTES DE ESCOLAS PÚBLICAS: USO DE DROGAS, DETERMINANTES SOCIAIS DE SAÚDE E DISTRIBUIÇÃO ESPACIAL

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar o uso de drogas por adolescentes de escolas públicas e sua associação com os determinantes sociais de saúde e distribuição espacial. Métodos: estudo transversal realizado entre 2020 e 2021 em que se aplicaram os questionários Drug Use Screening Inventory (DUSI) e sociodemográfico em 226 estudantes do 9º ano do ensino fundamental de escolas públicas de uma cidade mineira. Realizou-se análise descritiva e por meio do Teste Exato de Fisher. Resultados: sobre o consumo de álcool, apenas a variável idade foi significativa. Quanto ao tabaco tiveram associação significativa o uso de tabaco e as variáveis idade, estado civil dos pais e com quem mora. As demais substâncias psicoativas não tiveram associação significativa. No que se refere à distribuição espacial, a maior intensidade de problemas se concentrou em atividades de lazer/recreação. Conclusão: o uso de álcool e tabaco estão associados aos determinantes sociais referentes a rede social e fatores pessoais, como idade.

[Changes in tobacco and alcoholic beverage consumption among adolescents from Curitiba in the State of Paraná: a longitudinal study]

The scope of this study was to verify alterations in cigarette and alcohol consumption in a sample of adolescents from the state education system of the city of Curitiba in the State of Paraná between 2015 and 2017. It involved a longitudinal prospective cohort study conducted with 799 adolescents (11 to 15 years of age) between 2015 and 2017. The Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBS) questionnaire evaluated mild and excessive alcohol and tobacco consumption. Modifications of alcohol and tobacco consumption were evaluated through Generalizable Estimating Equation (GEE) models with Poisson distribution to obtain Incidence Risk Ratios (IRR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). The "time" variable was treated as an independent variable along with other possible predictors (gender, age bracket, nutritional status, socioeconomic level, head of household education, physical activity and screen time). Tobacco consumption (IRR= 1,32, 95%CI = 1,02; 1,71), mild (IRR= 1,32, 95%CI = 1,13; 1,53) and excessive (IRR= 1,21, 95%CI = 1,04; 1,40) alcohol consumption increased between 2015 and 2017. This study indicates that adolescents participating in this research are modifying their behaviors towards a less healthy lifestyle.

[Excessive alcohol intake and dissatisfaction with body image among adolescents and young adults in a municipality in Bahia State, Brazil]

The study aimed to analyze the association between excessive alcohol intake and dissatisfaction with one's body image in a population of adolescents and young adults. This was a cross-sectional study with a household survey design in a sample of 1,582 individuals 15 to 24 years of age living in Camaçari, Bahia State, Brazil. Excessive alcohol intake was identified by the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT), and dissatisfaction with body image was measure with the Silhouette Figure Scale. Confounding variables were: sex, age, race, schooling, work, religion, family composition, number of close friends, marital status, and children. The association between excessive alcohol intake and body dissatisfaction was estimated by logistic regression. Prevalence of excessive alcohol intake was 21.9% (higher in males), and prevalence of body image dissatisfaction was 79.5% (higher in females). No statistically significant association was found between excessive alcohol intake and dissatisfaction with body image. After adjustment of the final model, the variables that remained associated with excessive alcohol intake were religion (OR = 2.02), schooling (OR = 1.63), family composition (OR = 1.61), age (OR = 0.55), and work (OR = 0.61). Although the analyses did not show an association between excessive alcohol intake and dissatisfaction with body image, the study's results call attention to the high prevalence rates for the two phenomena. This shows the need to develop interventions focused on practices of care for this specific population.

PROMOÇÃO DA SAÚDE E POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS DO ÁLCOOL NO BRASIL: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA DA LITERATURA

O uso nocivo de álcool é um grave problema de saúde pública que traz consequências negativas para o indivíduo, a família e a sociedade. O estudo teve como objetivo investigar a inserção da promoção da saúde no contexto das políticas públicas do álcool no Brasil. Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura e foram selecionados quatro documentos oficiais e quinze artigos para análise. Os critérios de inclusão foram: ser artigo completo de pesquisa; estar publicado nos idiomas português, inglês ou espanhol; estar disponível eletronicamente e abordar a temática em estudo. As políticas públicas do álcool abordam a promoção da saúde de modo ainda pontual, com estratégias direcionadas à redução de danos. A literatura ressalta a necessidade de reformulação das políticas públicas do álcool de forma a priorizar a promoção da saúde e a assistência nos diversos níveis de atenção à saúde para grupos vulneráveis, tais como mulheres, adolescentes e indígenas.