Prevalência dos hábitos de sucção não nutritiva e sua relação com a idade, gênero e tipo de aleitamento em pré-escolares da cidade de Araraquara

Influence of non-nutritive sucking habits on anterior open bite

Aim: To evaluate the clinical behavior of sucking habits in children between 2 to 6 years old in a private (A1) and a public school (A2) in the state of Piauí. Methods: It was cross-sectional and quantitative study in 340 participants, 169 in A1 and 171 in A2. The researchers asked the children evaluated to keep their teeth occluded while analyzing whether there was no contact between the anterior teeth and no lip sealing, characterizing the anterior openbite for G1 or if there was contact between the incisors, with lip sealing, characterizing the control group (G2). Results: There was no statistically significant difference between groups regarding bottle feeding at main meals (χ2 = 3.03; p = 0.08). However, regarding the use of a pacifier, there was a statistically significant association (χ2 = 17.99; p <0.01) between pacifier use and the presence of anterior openbite. Such association was also observed between digital sucking habit and malocclusion (χ2 = 8.99; p = 0.01). Only the parents of the children with anterior openbite noticed the disharmony in the occlusion. It can be deduced that there was an awareness of parents /guardians about the disharmony generated by non-nutritive sucking habits. Conclusion: Nonnutritive sucking habits influenced the appearance of the anterior open bite in children with deciduous dentition. Nonnutritive sucking habits, such as digital sucking and pacifiers, are significantly associated with the presence of anterior open bite. Breastfeeding is important in preventing this malocclusion.

Risk factors for communication disorders and complaints of preschoolers in a School Health Program

ABSTRACT Purpose: to survey the prevalence of risk factors for communication disorders and complaints in preschoolers that participated in the School Health Program (SHP) and compare the findings with age and sex. Methods: the sample comprised 190 preschoolers reached by the SHP. The collection procedure involved the exploration of data in questionnaires previously filled out by their relatives. The risk factors and communication complaints were presented in the occurrence frequency. The evidence of associations between variables was verified with the Mann-Whitney and chi-square tests, and the 5% significance level was used for all comparisons. Results: baby bottle use was the most prevalent risk factor associated with age, being more frequent in younger children. The girls underwent more complications during pregnancy or birth and showed more nonnutritive sucking habits, whereas the boys had more hospital stays. Conclusion: regarding the investigated risk factors, the baby bottle use was the most reported one, followed by ear infections or other ear problems. Complaints related to speaking and hearing were seldom mentioned, although those related to speaking occurred more frequently.

The view of parents and teachers about the occurrence of deleterious oral habits in a group of preschool children

ABSTRACT Objective: to compare the parents and teachers views about the occurrence of deleterious oral habits in preschool children. Methods: a cross - sectional study with a quantitative analysis. Parents and teachers answered a self-administered questionnaire regarding the deleterious habits of preschool children and signed the Informed Consent Term. At the end, 221questionaries were included. The data were submitted to Chi-square test, Fisher exact and McNemar tests. Results: according to the parents, the most frequent habit was the bottle with 52.04%, followed by the pacifier with 24.09%. According to the teachers, the pacifier was the most frequent one, accounting for 20.36% of cases, followed by the use of bottle (7.69%). In the present sample, 90.95% of the children were breastfed. When related to oral habits, it was observed that the longer the breastfeeding time, the lower the use of pacifiers and bottles. By comparing the questionnaires, it was verified that the parents noticed, more frequently, the oral habits than did the teachers. Conclusion: in the group studied, the parents reported more the presence of deleterious oral habits than did the teachers. It is important that parents, and especially teachers, have information about the harm caused by the prolonged presence of such habits, so that they can encourage their interruption, thus, avoiding possible damages to the stomatognathic system and the performance of orofacial functions.

Longitudinal study of habits leading to malocclusion development in childhood

BACKGROUND

The increased prevalence of malocclusions represents a secular trend attributed to the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. The analysis of factors related to the causes of these changes is essential for planning public health policies aimed at preventing and clinically intercepting malocclusion. This study investigated the sucking habits, nocturnal mouth breathing, as well as the relation of these factors with malocclusion.

METHODS

This is a longitudinal study in which 80 mother-child pairs were monitored from the beginning of pregnancy to the 30th month after childbirth. Home visits for interviews with the mothers were made on the 12th, 18th and 30th months of age. Finger sucking, pacifier sucking, bottle feeding, breastfeeding and nocturnal mouth breathing, were the variables studies. On the 30th month, clinical examinations were performed for overjet, overbite and posterior crossbite. A previously calibrated single examiner (Kappa coefficient = 0.92) was responsible for all examinations. Data were analyzed using the chi-squared or Fisher's exact tests, at a significance level of 5%.

RESULTS

Bottle feeding was the most prevalent habit at 12, 18 and 30 months (87.5%; 90% and 96.25%, respectively). Breastfeeding was 40%, 25% and 12.50% at 12, 18 and 30 months, respectively. Nearly 70% of the children in this study had some sort of malocclusion. Pacifier sucking habit at 12, 18 and 30 months of age was associated with overjet and open bite; and at 30 months, an association with overbite was also observed. Finger sucking habit and breastfeeding at 12, 18 and 30 months were also associated with overjet and open bite. The posterior crossbite was associated with bottle feeding at 12 and 30 months, and nocturnal mouth breathers at 12 and 18 months.

CONCLUSIONS

Sucking habits, low rates of breastfeeding, and nocturnal mouth breathing were risk factors for malocclusion.

PIAHO: una herramienta para la prevención de hábitos orales deletéreos (protocolo de incorporación apropiada de hábitos orales)

Objetivo presentar una herramienta de prevención de malos hábitos orales, llamado PIAHO. Métodos se comparan los diagnósticos obtenidos de la prueba subjetiva PeNaF con los diagnósticos de resistencia nasal obtenidos por la prueba objetiva de rinomanometria. Se estudian las relaciones entre la incorporación de consistencias, herramientas y elección de posturas durante la alimentación y los diferentes tipos de deglución. Basados tanto en, los resultados obtenidos y publicados de investigaciones realizadas en población chilena; como enla revisión de la literatura internacional. Resultados una nueva estrategia y plan de acción para una oportuna incorporación de consistencias y utensilios de alimentación, también enfocado en una correcta higiene nasal. Conclusión Contribuir a la prevención de alteraciones miofuncionales, y evitar la instauración de malos hábitos orales.

Prevalência de má oclusão em crianças de 3 a 6 anos portadoras de hábito de sucção de dedo e/ou chupeta

INTRODUÇÃO: A má oclusão, pela sua elevada prevalência na população, é considerada atualmente um problema de saúde pública. Considerando-se a associação entre hábitos bucais deletérios e más oclusões, o conhecimento da epidemiologia das alterações oclusais em crianças portadoras de sucção não nutritiva pode contribuir com a instituição de políticas públicas. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a prevalência de má oclusão em crianças na fase de dentadura decídua portadoras de hábitos deletérios de sucção, quer sejam de dedo e/ou chupeta. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: O estudo envolveu 135 crianças de ambos os gêneros, na faixa etária de 3 a 6 anos, portadoras de hábitos de sucção não nutritiva. O histórico de sucção de dedo e/ou chupeta foi levantado por questionário direcionado aos pais e responsáveis. A avaliação clínica das más oclusões foi realizada por um único examinador, previamente calibrado, visando minimizar eventuais erros do método. RESULTADO: A má oclusão foi encontrada em 87,4% das crianças. Verificou-se uma prevalência de 72% de mordida aberta anterior, seguida de atresia maxilar com 62,2%, mordida cruzada posterior com 26,3%, mordida cruzada anterior com 3,4% e apinhamento e topo a topo correspondendo a 5,1% da amostra. O hábito deletério mais frequente foi o de sucção de chupeta, presente em 76,3% da amostra, sendo que o mesmo estava distribuído da seguinte maneira: 20% na forma isolada, 25,9% associado a outros hábitos deletérios, 3% associado a dedo, 26,7% associado à mamadeira e 0,8% associado a dedo e mamadeira. Já a sucção digital foi encontrada em 25,9% da amostra, sendo 14,1% na forma isolada. CONCLUSÃO: Crianças portadoras de sucção não nutritiva durante a fase de dentadura decídua apresentam elevada prevalência de má oclusão. Não se encontraram diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os gêneros e as faixas etárias no que se refere à má oclusão e ao tipo de hábito.