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Felipe Souza E Silva L, Siena Dos Santos A, Mayumi Yuzawa J, Luiz de Barros Torresi J, Ziroldo A, Rosado Rosenstock T. SIRTUINS MODULATORS COUNTERACT MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION IN CELLULAR MODELS OF HYPOXIA: RELEVANCE TO SCHIZOPHRENIA. Neuroscience 2023:S0306-4522(23)00200-2. [PMID: 37169164 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a neurodevelopmental-associated disorder strongly related to environmental factors, such as hypoxia. Because there is no cure for SZ or any pharmacological approach that could revert hypoxia-induced cellular damages, we evaluated whether modulators of sirtuins could abrogate hypoxia-induced mitochondrial deregulation as a neuroprotective strategy. Firstly, astrocytes from control (Wistar) and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR), a model of both SZ and neonatal hypoxia, were submitted to chemical hypoxia. Then, cells were exposed to different concentrations of Nicotinamide (NAM), Resveratrol (Resv), and Sirtinol (Sir) for 48hrs. Our data indicate that sirtuins modulation reduces cell death increasing the acetylation of histone 3. This outcome is related to the rescue of loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, changes in mitochondrial calcium buffering capacity, decreased O2-• levels and increased expression of metabolic regulators (Nrf-1 and Nfe2l2) and mitochondrial content. Such findings are relevant not only for hypoxia-associated conditions, named pre-eclampsia but also for SZ since prenatal hypoxia is a relevant environmental factor related to this burdensome neuropsychiatric disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Felipe Souza E Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Siena Dos Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jessica Mayumi Yuzawa
- Department of Physiological Science, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Science, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Alan Ziroldo
- Department of Physiological Science, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Science, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Rosado Rosenstock
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Dept. of Bioscience, In-vitro Neuroscience, Sygnature Discovery, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
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Li S, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Qiu F, Zeng F, Shi L. Prenatal exercise reprograms the development of hypertension progress and improves vascular health in SHR offspring. Vascul Pharmacol 2021; 139:106885. [PMID: 34116258 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2021.106885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Upregulation of L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ (CaV1.2) channel in the arterial myocytes is a hallmark feature of hypertension. However, whether maternal exercise during pregnancy has a sustained beneficial effect on the offspring of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) through epigenetic regulation of CaV1.2 channel is largely unknown. METHODS Pregnant SHRs and Wistar-Kyoto rats were subjected to swimming and the vascular molecular and functional properties of male offspring were evaluated at embryonic (E) 20.5 day, 3 months (3 M), and 6 months (6 M). RESULTS Exercise during pregnancy significantly decreased the resting blood pressure at 3 M but not 6 M in the offspring of SHR. Prenatal exercise significantly reduced the cardiovascular reactivity, the contribution of CaV1.2 channel to the vascular tone, and the whole-cell current density of CaV1.2 channel in both 3 M and 6 M offspring of SHR. Moreover, maternal exercise triggered hypermethylation of the promoter region of the CaV1.2 α1C gene (CACNA1C), with a concomitant decrease in its protein and mRNA expressions in SHR offspring at E20.5, 3 M, and 6 M. Tissue culture experiments further confirmed that 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine increased the structure and functional expression of CaV1.2 channel by inhibiting the DNA methylation of CACNA1C. However, the improvement of prenatal exercise on the blood pressure, function, and expression of CaV1.2 channel was attenuated in the offspring of SHRs at 6 M compared to the 3 M readout. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that prenatal exercise improves the vascular function by the hypermethylation of CACNA1C in the arterial myocytes and delays the development of hypertension in the offspring of SHRs. However, these effects fade out with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Li
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China; Department of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan 250102, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fang Qiu
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fanxing Zeng
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lijun Shi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China; Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China.
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Influence of Swimming Program on the Blood Pressure of Pregnant Hypertensive Rats and Their Fetuses. REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCES (THOUSAND OAKS, CALIF.) 2021; 28:3440-3447. [PMID: 33987823 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00617-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The hypertension incidence and its complication on pregnant women are growing and can lead to adverse consequences on their fetuses. However, it is known that regular exercise practice can be healthful to hypertensive pregnant women but harmful to fetal growth. So, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of exercise beginning before pregnancy or during pregnancy on the maternal blood pressure and reproductive outcome and on the fetal development of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Pregnant SHR were randomly distributed into three experimental groups: (1) SHR-Control, non-exercised; (2) SHR-Ex0, rats submitted to physical exercise (swimming program) from day zero to 20 of pregnancy; (3) and SHR-ExPr, rats submitted to swimming program before and during pregnancy. At end of pregnancy (day 21), the rats were anesthetized, and reproductive parameters and fetal development were assessed. Blood pressure was reduced at the end of pregnancy in all the groups. Regardless of swimming exposure time, there was reduced maternal weight gain. The exercise decreased fetal weight at term pregnancy, with a higher percentage of small for gestational age (SGA) fetuses and lower number ossification sites, indicating intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). In conclusion, our findings provide insight to support that swimming exercise in pregnant SHR impairs fetal development, causing IUGR and visceral malformations. Therefore, the indication of physical exercise must be defined very carefully, as it can compromise fetal development.
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Shawky NM, Patil CN, Dalmasso C, Maranon RO, Romero DG, Drummond H, Reckelhoff JF. Pregnancy Protects Hyperandrogenemic Female Rats From Postmenopausal Hypertension. Hypertension 2020; 76:943-952. [PMID: 32755410 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome, the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, is characterized by hyperandrogenemia, obesity, insulin resistance, and elevated blood pressure. However, few studies have focused on the consequences of pregnancy on postmenopausal cardiovascular disease and hypertension in polycystic ovary syndrome women. In hyperandrogenemic female (HAF) rats, the hypothesis was tested that previous pregnancy protects against age-related hypertension. Rats were implanted with dihydrotestosterone (7.5 mg/90 days, beginning at 4 weeks and continued throughout life) or placebo pellets (controls), became pregnant at 10 to 15 weeks, and pups were weaned at postnatal day 21. Dams and virgins were then aged to 10 months (still estrous cycling) or 16 months (postcycling). Although numbers of offspring per litter were similar for HAF and control dams, birth weights were lower in HAF offspring. At 10 months of age, there were no differences in blood pressure, proteinuria, nitrate/nitrite excretion, or body composition in previously pregnant HAF versus virgin HAF. However, by 16 months of age, despite no differences in dihydrotestosterone, fat mass/or lean mass/body weight, previously pregnant HAF had significantly lower blood pressure and proteinuria, higher nitrate/nitrite excretion, with increased intrarenal mRNA expression of endothelin B receptor and eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase), and decreased ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme), AT1aR (angiotensin 1a receptor), and endothelin A receptor than virgin HAF. Thus, pregnancy protects HAF rats against age-related hypertension, and the mechanism(s) may be due to differential regulation of the nitric oxide, endothelin, and renin-angiotensin systems. These data suggest that polycystic ovary syndrome women who have experienced uncomplicated pregnancy may be protected from postmenopausal hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha M Shawky
- From the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (N.M.S., D.G.R., H.D., J.F.R.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson.,The Women's Health Research Center (N.M.S., D.G.R., J.F.R.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - Chetan N Patil
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (C.N.P.)
| | | | | | - Damian G Romero
- From the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (N.M.S., D.G.R., H.D., J.F.R.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson.,The Women's Health Research Center (N.M.S., D.G.R., J.F.R.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - Heather Drummond
- From the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (N.M.S., D.G.R., H.D., J.F.R.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson.,Department of Physiology (H.D.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - Jane F Reckelhoff
- From the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (N.M.S., D.G.R., H.D., J.F.R.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson.,The Women's Health Research Center (N.M.S., D.G.R., J.F.R.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
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E Silva LFS, Brito MD, Yuzawa JMC, Rosenstock TR. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Changes in High-Energy Compounds in Different Cellular Models Associated to Hypoxia: Implication to Schizophrenia. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18049. [PMID: 31792231 PMCID: PMC6889309 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53605-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a multifactorial mental disorder, which has been associated with a number of environmental factors, such as hypoxia. Considering that numerous neural mechanisms depends on energetic supply (ATP synthesis), the maintenance of mitochondrial metabolism is essential to keep cellular balance and survival. Therefore, in the present work, we evaluated functional parameters related to mitochondrial function, namely calcium levels, mitochondrial membrane potential, redox homeostasis, high-energy compounds levels and oxygen consumption, in astrocytes from control (Wistar) and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR) animals exposed both to chemical and gaseous hypoxia. We show that astrocytes after hypoxia presented depolarized mitochondria, disturbances in Ca2+ handling, destabilization in redox system and alterations in ATP, ADP, Pyruvate and Lactate levels, in addition to modification in NAD+/NADH ratio, and Nfe2l2 and Nrf1 expression. Interestingly, intrauterine hypoxia also induced augmentation in mitochondrial biogenesis and content. Altogether, our data suggest that hypoxia can induce mitochondrial deregulation and a decrease in energy metabolism in the most prevalent cell type in the brain, astrocytes. Since SHR are also considered an animal model of SZ, our results can likewise be related to their phenotypic alterations and, therefore, our work also allow an increase in the knowledge of this burdensome disorder.
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Barrientos G, Pussetto M, Rose M, Staff AC, Blois SM, Toblli JE. Defective trophoblast invasion underlies fetal growth restriction and preeclampsia-like symptoms in the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat. Mol Hum Reprod 2018; 23:509-519. [PMID: 28402512 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gax024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What is the impact of chronic hypertension on placental development, fetal growth and maternal outcome in the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHRSP)? SUMMARY ANSWER SHRSP showed an impaired remodeling of the spiral arteries and abnormal pattern of trophoblast invasion during placentation, which were associated with subsequent maternal glomerular injury and increased baseline hypertension as well as placental insufficiency and asymmetric fetal growth restriction (FGR). WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY A hallmark in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia (PE) is abnormal placentation with defective remodeling of the spiral arteries preceding the onset of the maternal syndrome. Pregnancies affected by chronic hypertension display an increased risk for PE, often associated with poor maternal and fetal outcomes. However, the impact of chronic hypertension on the placentation process as well as the nature of the factors promoting the development of PE in pregnant hypertensive women remain elusive. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Timed pregnancies [n = 5] were established by mating 10-12-week-old SHRSP and Wistar Kyoto (WKY, normotensive controls) females with congenic males. Maternal systolic blood pressures (SBPs) were recorded pre-mating, throughout pregnancy (GD1-19) and post-partum by the tail-cuff method. On selected dates, 24 h urine- and blood samples were collected, and animals were euthanized for isolation of implantation sites and kidneys for morphometrical analyses. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The 24 h proteinuria and the albumin:creatinine ratio were used for evaluation of maternal renal function. Renal injury was assessed on periodic acid Schiff, Masson's trichrome and Sirius red stainings. Placental and fetal weights were recorded on gestation day (GD)18 and GD20, followed by determination of fetal cephalization indexes and developmental stage, according to the Witschi scale. Morphometric analyses of placental development were conducted on hematoxylin-eosin stained tissue sections collected on GD14 and GD18, and complemented with immunohistochemical evaluation of isolectin B4 binding for assessment of placental vascularization. Analyses of vascular wall alpha actin content, perforin-positive natural killer (NK) cells and cytokeratin expression by immunohistochemistry were used for evaluation of spiral artery remodeling and trophoblast invasion. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE SHRSP females presented significantly increased SBP records from GD13 to GD17 (SBPGD13 = 183.9 ± 3.9 mmHg, P < 0.005 versus baseline) and increased proteinuria at GD18 (P < 0.01 versus WKY). Histological examination of GD18 kidneys revealed glomerular enlargement and mesangial matrix expansion, which were not evident in pregnant WKY or age-matched virgin SHRSP. At GD20, SHRSP displayed a significant reduction of placental mass (P < 0.01 versus WKY) and signs of placental insufficiency (i.e. hypertrophy and reduced branching morphogenesis of the labyrinth layer), associated with decreased offspring weights and increased cephalization index (both P < 0.001 versus WKY) indicating asymmetric FGR. Notably, SHRSP placentas displayed an incomplete remodeling of spiral arteries starting as early as GD14, with luminal narrowing and reduced densities of perivascular NK cells followed by decreased infiltration of endovascular trophoblasts at GD18. LARGE SCALE DATA n/a. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION A pitfall of the present study is the differences in the blood pressure profiles between rats and humans (i.e. unlike pregnancies affected by PE, blood pressure in SHRSP and other hypertensive rat models decreases pre-delivery), which limits extrapolation of the results. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our findings provide new insights on the role of chronic hypertension as a risk factor for PE by interfering with early events during the placentation process. The SHRSP strain represents an attractive model for further studies aimed at addressing the relative contribution of intrinsic (i.e. placental) and extrinsic (i.e. decidual/vascular) factors to defective spiral artery remodeling in pregnancies affected by PE. STUDY FUNDING AND COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by research grants from Fundación Florencio Fiorini to G.B., from Charité Stiftung to S.M.B. and University of Buenos Aires (UBACyt) to J.T. The authors have no competing interests to declare.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Barrientos
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Hospital Alemán, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, CONICET. Av. Pueyrredon 1640 (C1118AAT), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Charité-Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Division of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Reproductive Medicine Research Group, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Pussetto
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Hospital Alemán, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, CONICET. Av. Pueyrredon 1640 (C1118AAT), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Rose
- Charité-Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Division of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Reproductive Medicine Research Group, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - A C Staff
- Department of Obstetrics and Department of Gynaecology, Women's Division, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - S M Blois
- Charité-Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Division of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Reproductive Medicine Research Group, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - J E Toblli
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Hospital Alemán, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, CONICET. Av. Pueyrredon 1640 (C1118AAT), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Ragaeva DS, Tikhonova MA, Petrova OM, Igonina TN, Rozkova IN, Brusentsev EY, Amstislavskaya TG, Amstislavsky SY. Neonatal reflexes and behavior in hypertensive rats of ISIAH strain. Physiol Behav 2017; 175:22-30. [PMID: 28341233 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the most common diseases in humans, and there is a special concern on the consequences of maternal hypertensive conditions for the health of newborns. An inherited stress-induced arterial hypertension (ISIAH) rat strain has been selected but only a few studies have addressed behavior in these rats. Body weight, neurodevelopmental reflexes, and neuronal density in the hippocampus were compared in ISIAH and normotensive WAG rats during their suckling period. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), adult rat performance in the open field (OF), elevated plus maze (EPM), and novel object recognition (NOR) tests were evaluated at the age of 12-14weeks old. Body weight in pups did not differ significantly during the suckling period, while adult ISIAH rats were heavier than age-matched WAG rats and possessed the increased SBP and DBP. ISIAH pups were developmentally more advanced than WAG as indicated by grasp reflex and negative geotaxis reaction scores. This was associated with higher neuronal density in CA1 and CA3 hippocampal areas in ISIAH pups on postnatal day 6 as compared to WAG rats. Adult ISIAH rats demonstrated an increased locomotor and exploratory activity in the OF and EPM tests as well as low levels of anxiety. The NOR test revealed no significant difference in recognition but confirmed higher exploratory activity in ISIAH rats compared to WAG rats. The results indicate that hypertensive ISIAH rats feature accelerated development during their suckling period, and as adults, they are more active and less anxious than normotensive WAG rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana S Ragaeva
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics", Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Maria A Tikhonova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics", Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine", Novosibirsk 630117, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Olga M Petrova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics", Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Tatjana N Igonina
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics", Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Irina N Rozkova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics", Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Eugeny Yu Brusentsev
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics", Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Tamara G Amstislavskaya
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics", Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine", Novosibirsk 630117, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Sergey Ya Amstislavsky
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics", Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
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Rocha R, Peraçoli JC, Volpato GT, Damasceno DC, Campos KED. Effect of exercise on the maternal outcome in pregnancy of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Acta Cir Bras 2014; 29:553-9. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-8650201400150002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Maternal hypertension during pregnancy modifies the response of the immature brain to hypoxia–ischemia: Sequential MRI and behavioral investigations. Exp Neurol 2012; 233:264-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Moura JRSAD, Sass N, Guimarães SB, Vasconcelos PRLD, Mattar R, Kulay L. Effects of L-arginine oral supplements in pregnant spontaneously hypertensive rats. Acta Cir Bras 2006; 21:192-6. [PMID: 16862336 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-86502006000400001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2006] [Accepted: 03/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of L-arginine oral supplementation in spontaneously hypertensive pregnant rats (SHR). METHODS: Thirty SHR and ten Wistar-EPM-1 virgin female rats were used in the study. Before randomization, females were caged with males of the same strain (3:1). Pregnancy was confirmed by sperm-positive vaginal smear (Day 0). Wistar-EPM-1 rats served as counterpart control (C-1). SHR rats were randomized in 4 groups (n=10): Group Control 2, non-treated rats; Group L-Arginine treated with L-arginine 2%; Group Alpha-methyldopa treated with Alpha-methyldopa 33mg/Kg; Group L-Arginine+Alpha-methyldopa treated with L-arginine 2%+Alpha-methyldopa 33mg/Kg. L-arginine 2% solution was offered ad libitum in drinking water and Alpha-methyldopa was administered by gavage twice a day during the length of pregnancy (20 days). Blood pressure was measured by tailcuff plethysmography on days 0 and 20. Body weight was measured on days 0, 10 and 20. Results were expressed as mean ± SD (Standard Deviation). One-Way ANOVA/Tukey (or Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn, as appropriate) was used for group comparisons. Statistical significance was accepted as p<0.05. RESULTS: There was no significant weight gain in isolated L-arginine treated SHR. Mean blood pressure decreased in L-arginine-treated SLR compared with untreated-SHR rats. CONCLUSION: L-arginine oral supplementation reduces blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats during pregnancy.
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