1
|
Kidd KN, Prasad D, Cunningham JEA, de Azevedo Cardoso T, Frey BN. The relationship between parental bonding and mood, anxiety and related disorders in adulthood: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2022; 307:221-236. [PMID: 35378151 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A strong bond between parents and their children is essential in promoting healthy psychological development. Poor quality parent-child relationships can render children vulnerable to various adverse outcomes. Although extensive research has highlighted the association between abnormal parent-child bonding and mood and anxiety-related psychopathology in offspring, no systematic review or meta-analysis has assessed this relationship in adults. METHODS A literature search was conducted in five databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science) on January 4th, 2021. Studies that assessed the relationship between parental bonding and the presence of a mood or anxiety disorder in adults were eligible for inclusion. RESULTS Fifty-seven studies were included in the systematic review (n = 44 in the meta-analysis). Quantitative results indicated that individuals with major depression, panic disorder, or persistent depressive disorder reported lower parental care and higher overprotection compared to individuals without psychiatric diagnoses. Qualitative results indicated that individuals with diagnoses of mood or anxiety disorders tended to report higher parental abuse than controls. LIMITATIONS The measures of parental bonding used by the included studies are retrospective and subject to biases. All studies had a case-control design and thus, causal-relationships cannot be drawn from the results. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that poor-quality parental bonding early in life may place offspring at greater risk for mood and anxiety disorders during adulthood. Future research should extend these results by confirming the relationship between parental bonding and other psychiatric disorders, as well as identifying which factors mediate the relationship between abnormal parental bonding and psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrina N Kidd
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Divya Prasad
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Canada
| | | | - Taiane de Azevedo Cardoso
- Mood Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Benicio N Frey
- Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Canada; Mood Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Recalled parental rearing behavior in adult women and men with depressive and anxiety symptoms: Findings from a community study. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PSYCHOSOMATISCHE MEDIZIN UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2020; 66:243-258. [PMID: 32876552 DOI: 10.13109/zptm.2020.66.3.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Addressing the lack of population-based data, the purpose of this representative study was to assess sex- and age-specific associations of maternal and paternal rearing behavior with depressiveness and anxiety controlling for sociodemographic and somatic variables. Methods: 8,175 subjects participating in a population-based study completed standardized questionnaires measuring Recalled Parental Rearing Behavior and distress. Results: Women recalled their fathers as more controlling and warmer, and their mothers as more rejecting than men. Comparisons between age groups (≤ 60 vs. > 60 years) revealed that younger participants recalled more parental control and emotional warmth. In addition to sociodemographic and somatic risk factors, paternal rejection and maternal control were associated with depressiveness and anxiety both for women and men (OR 1.58-1.96; OR 1.37-1.66). Maternal warmth was negatively related to distress (OR 0.66-0.69). Conclusions: Findings suggested sex- and age-specific differences in recalled maternal and paternal rearing behavior. The current results highlighted the important role of recalled parental rearing behavior besides sociodemographic factors and somatic diseases for the occurrence of depression and anxiety symptoms across the age groups.
Collapse
|
3
|
What's past is prologue: Recalled parenting styles are associated with childhood cancer survivors' mental health outcomes more than 25 years after diagnosis. Soc Sci Med 2020; 252:112916. [PMID: 32200184 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.112916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the increased survival rates of childhood cancer, long-term survivors' well-being over the life span has come into focus. A better understanding of the determinants of childhood cancer survivors' (CCS) mental health outcomes contributes to the identification of vulnerable individuals as well as to the development of evidence-based prevention and intervention efforts. It has been noted that psychosocial factors such as parental rearing behavior shape individual differences in mental health. There is also evidence that parents show altered parenting behavior in the face of childhood cancer, e. g. that they express more emotional support, but also more worries. However, little is known about the relevance of different parenting styles for CCS' mental health decades after diagnosis and treatment. METHODS We examined the associations of recalled parenting styles and disease-related factors with lifetime diagnoses of depression and anxiety disorders in a German, registry-based sample of adult CCS (N = 948, 44.50% women) with survival times >25 years. We conducted logistic regression analyses of lifetime diagnoses of depression and anxiety disorders, respectively, on dimensions of recalled parental rearing behavior (measured with a validated German short version of the EMBU) controlling for relevant adjustment variables such as the presence of physical illnesses. RESULTS Recalled parenting styles of both parents had statistically relevant associations with CCS' lifetime depression and anxiety diagnoses. Maternal emotional warmth was related to fewer lifetime diagnoses of depression and fewer lifetime diagnoses of anxiety. Memories of paternal control and overprotection were positively associated with lifetime diagnoses of anxiety. CONCLUSION The results indicate that mental representations of one's caregivers are associated with psychological long-term outcomes. Thus, medical professionals should involve the parents and support them in accompanying their child through the difficult times of treatment and survivorship. Interventions aimed at fostering survivors' quality of life should consider the sustained relevance of early relationships.
Collapse
|
4
|
Anxiety, depression, type D personality, somatosensory amplification levels and childhood traumas in patients with panic disorders. JOURNAL OF SURGERY AND MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.28982/josam.518289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
5
|
Design, rationale and feasibility of a multidimensional experimental protocol to study early life stress. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2018; 7:33-43. [PMID: 29696166 PMCID: PMC5898516 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a rapidly accumulating body of evidence regarding the influential role of early life stress (ELS) upon medical and psychiatric conditions. While self-report instruments, with their intrinsic limitations of recall, remain the primary means of detecting ELS in humans, biological measures are generally limited to a single biological system. This paper describes the design, rationale and feasibility of a study to simultaneously measure neuroendocrine, immune and autonomic nervous system (ANS) responses to psychological and physiological stressors in relation to ELS. Five healthy university students were recruited by advertisement. Exclusion criteria included chronic medical conditions, psychotic disorders, needle phobia, inability to tolerate pain, and those using anti-inflammatory medications. They were clinically interviewed and physiological recordings made over a two-hour period pre, during and post two acute stressors: the cold pressor test and recalling a distressing memory. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and the Parental Bonding Index were utilised to measure ELS. Other psychological measures of mood and personality were also administered. Measurements of heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, skin conductance, skin blood flow and temporal plasma samples were successfully obtained before, during and after acute stress. Participants reported the extensive psychological and multisystem physiological data collection and stress provocations were tolerable. Most (4/5) participants indicated a willingness to return to repeat the protocol, indicating acceptability. Our protocol is viable and safe in young physically healthy adults and allows us to assess simultaneously neuroendocrine, immune and autonomic nervous system responses to stressors in persons assessed for ELS.
Collapse
Key Words
- ANS, Autonomic nervous system
- Adverse-childhood-events
- CPT, Cold pressor test
- CTQ, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire
- Childhood-stress
- Childhood-trauma questionnaire
- DASS, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale
- DS14, Type D Scale
- ECG, lectrocardiogram
- ELS, Early life stress
- EPQRs, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised – short form
- HPA, Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal
- PBI, Parental Bonding Instrument
- PTSD, Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
- Parental-bonding-instrument
- RDM, Recall of distressing memory
- Type D scale (DS14)
Collapse
|
6
|
Khalid A, Qadir F, Chan SWY, Schwannauer M. Parental bonding and adolescents' depressive and anxious symptoms in Pakistan. J Affect Disord 2018; 228:60-67. [PMID: 29232565 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A quantitative cross sectional study was carried out to investigate the role of parental bonding in relation to depressive and anxious symptoms among secondary school adolescents in Pakistan. The study also aimed to investigate the construct validity of the parental bonding inventory in the cultural context of Pakistan. METHODS The sample consisted of 1124 adolescents recruited from eight secondary schools in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Urdu translated versions of Parental Bonding Instrument (Qadir et al., 2005) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scales (Mumford et al., 1991) were administered in classroom settings. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) were used to analyze the data. RESULTS Results from the CFA of the Urdu version of the Parental Bonding Instrument supported a modified version of the three factor model proposed by Kendler (1996) consisting of warmth, protectiveness and authoritarianism. Based on SEM, we found a significant relationship between low parental warmth and depression symptoms among adolescents, whereas maternal protectiveness was a significant predictor for anxiety. Parental authoritarianism was not a significant predictor for depression or anxiety. DISCUSSION Findings of this study indicate that parental bonding is a central construct within a developmental framework in the cultural context of Pakistan, and is important when considering long-term psychosocial functioning of individuals. It should be explored further in clinical populations of Pakistani adolescents to ascertain significance of these constructs for interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amna Khalid
- School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, United Kingdom; Department of Behavioral Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, The Mall, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
| | - Farah Qadir
- Quaid-e-Azam International Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
| | - Stella W Y Chan
- Section of Clinical Psychology, School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, United Kingdom.
| | - Matthias Schwannauer
- Head of Clinical & Health Psychology, School of Health in Social Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Akün E. Relations among adults' remembrances of parental acceptance-rejection in childhood, self-reported psychological adjustment, and adult psychopathology. Compr Psychiatry 2017; 77:27-37. [PMID: 28551411 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim of the study was to examine relationships among recollections of maternal and paternal acceptance-rejection in childhood and the level of psychological adjustment among adults diagnosed with schizophrenia, social anxiety, and nonclinical control. The study focused primarily on adults with schizophrenia and social anxiety in comparison to nonclinical adults. METHODS Fifty-three adults diagnosed with schizophrenia, 51 adults with self-reported social anxiety, and 147 nonclinical controls between the ages of 18 and 62 participated in the study. Data were collected using adult versions of the Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire for mothers and for fathers, Personality Assessment Questionnaire, Brief Symptom Inventory, Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, and the Demographic Information Form. RESULTS Findings of analyses showed that participants in the schizophrenia and social anxiety groups remembered having experienced significantly more maternal rejection in childhood than did the nonclinical group. Patient with schizophrenia also reported more recollections of paternal rejection than the nonclinical group. Both clinical groups self-reported more psychological maladjustment than did the nonclinical group. Regression analysis indicated that even though the overall psychological adjustment of adults diagnosed with schizophrenia was predicted by both maternal and paternal acceptance-rejection, psychological adjustment of adults in the social anxiety group was predicted only by maternal (but not paternal) acceptance-rejection. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence about the long-lasting associations between adults' recollections of parental acceptance-rejection in childhood and their psychological adjustment in two mental disorders, in which genetic and environmental factors have a different weight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Akün
- Department of Psychology, Ankara University Faculty of Letters, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Montagner R, Mogg K, Bradley BP, Pine DS, Czykiel MS, Miguel EC, Rohde LA, Manfro GG, Salum GA. Attentional bias to threat in children at-risk for emotional disorders: role of gender and type of maternal emotional disorder. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2016; 25:735-42. [PMID: 26547923 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-015-0792-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies suggested that threat biases underlie familial risk for emotional disorders in children. However, major questions remain concerning the moderating role of the offspring gender and the type of parental emotional disorder on this association. This study addresses these questions in a large sample of boys and girls. Participants were 6-12 years old (at screening) typically developing children participating in the High Risk Cohort Study for Psychiatric Disorders (n = 1280; 606 girls, 674 boys). Children were stratified according to maternal emotional disorder (none; mood disorder; anxiety disorder; comorbid anxiety/mood disorder) and gender. Attention biases were assessed using a dot-probe paradigm with threat, happy and neutral faces. A significant gender-by-parental emotional disorder interaction predicted threat bias, independent of anxiety and depression symptoms in children. Daughters of mothers with an emotional disorder showed increased attention to threat compared with daughters of disorder-free mothers, irrespective of the type of maternal emotion disorder. In contrast, attention bias to threat in boys only occurred in mothers with a non-comorbid mood disorder. No group differences were found for biases for happy-face cues. Gender and type of maternal emotional disorder predict attention bias in disorder-free children. This highlights the need for longitudinal research to clarify whether this pattern of threat-attention bias in children relates to the risk of developing anxiety and mood disorders later in life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Montagner
- Hospital de Clınicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Room 2202, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Daniel S Pine
- National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marcelo S Czykiel
- Hospital de Clınicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Room 2202, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Euripedes Constantino Miguel
- São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INPD, CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis A Rohde
- Hospital de Clınicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Room 2202, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, Brazil.,São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INPD, CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gisele G Manfro
- Hospital de Clınicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Room 2202, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, Brazil.,National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INPD, CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giovanni A Salum
- Hospital de Clınicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Room 2202, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, Brazil.,National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INPD, CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fernandes V, Osório FL. Are there associations between early emotional trauma and anxiety disorders? Evidence from a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Eur Psychiatry 2015; 30:756-64. [PMID: 26163920 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies indicate a possible association between early emotional trauma (EET) and the development of anxiety disorders (ADs) in adult life. However, no previous studies have compiled the findings of such studies and analyzed their statistical significance. Therefore, the objective of this study was to conduct a systematic literature review and meta-analysis to determine possible associations between EET and three ADs (panic, generalized anxiety, and social anxiety disorders). METHODS A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, PsycInfo, and Scielo with no publication date limitations. A total of 2127 studies were found, 32 studies of which were selected for the systematic review and 13 studies of which were selected for the meta-analysis. RESULTS High prevalence rates of different EETs were observed among the individuals with ADs (median: 18%-45%). The results of the meta-analysis indicated that individuals with EETs were 1.9- to 3.6-fold more likely to develop ADs compared with a control group of healthy individuals. Emotional traumas were the main risk factor for social anxiety disorder. However, no specific associations were found for the other ADs. CONCLUSIONS EET is a risk factor for ADs, underscoring the importance of preventive measures to combat the development of these disorders. Moreover, the identification of EETs among patients with ADs is essential for implementing remedial measures to minimize the impact and damage arising from this association by decreasing the risk and severity of symptoms and to improve the response rate to treatment of ADs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Fernandes
- Department of neurosciences and behavior, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, university of São Paulo, 3900, avenida dos Bandeirantes, CEP 14048-900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F L Osório
- Department of neurosciences and behavior, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, university of São Paulo, 3900, avenida dos Bandeirantes, CEP 14048-900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Technology Institute (INCT, CNPq) for Translational Medicine, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Konishi Y, Tanii H, Otowa T, Sasaki T, Motomura E, Fujita A, Umekage T, Tochigi M, Kaiya H, Okazaki Y, Okada M. Gender-specific association between the COMT Val158Met polymorphism and openness to experience in panic disorder patients. Neuropsychobiology 2015; 69:165-74. [PMID: 24852514 DOI: 10.1159/000360737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because major depression and panic disorder are both more prevalent among females and since several lines of evidence suggest that genetic factors might influence an individual's vulnerability to panic disorder, gene-gender interactions are being examined in such psychiatric disorders and mental traits. A number of studies have suggested that specific genes, e.g. catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), might lead to distinct clinical characteristics of panic disorder. METHOD We compared gender-specific personality-related psychological factors of 470 individuals with panic disorder and 458 healthy controls in terms of their COMT Val158Met polymorphism and their scores on the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) with a 1-way analysis of covariance. RESULTS In the male panic disorder patients, the NEO PI-R score for openness to experience was significantly lower in the Met/Met carrier group, whereas there was no such association among the female panic disorder patients or the male or female control groups. CONCLUSION The gender-specific effect of the COMT genotype suggests that the COMT Val/Met genotype may influence a personality trait, openness to experience, in males with panic disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Konishi
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Brain Science and Animal Model Research Center, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Brietzke E, Kauer Sant'anna M, Jackowski A, Grassi-Oliveira R, Bucker J, Zugman A, Mansur RB, Bressan RA. Impact of childhood stress on psychopathology. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2013; 34:480-8. [PMID: 23429820 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbp.2012.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Advances in our knowledge of mental disorder (MD) genetics have contributed to a better understanding of their pathophysiology. Nonetheless, several questions and doubts persist. Recent studies have focused on environmental influences in the development of MDs, and the advent of neuroscientific methodologies has provided new perspectives. Early life events, such as childhood stress, may affect neurodevelopment through mechanisms such as gene-environment interactions and epigenetic regulation, thus leading to diseases in adulthood. The aim of this paper is to review the evidence regarding the role of the environment, particularly childhood stress, in the pathophysiology of MD. METHODOLOGY We reviewed articles that evaluated environmental influences, with a particular focus on childhood trauma, brain morphology, cognitive functions, and the development of psychopathology and MD. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION MRI studies have shown that exposure to trauma at an early age can result in several neurostructural changes, such as the reduction of the hippocampus and corpus callosum. Cognitive performance and functioning are also altered in this population. Finally, childhood stress is related to an increased risk of developing MD such as depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and substance abuse. We conclude that there is robust evidence of the role of the environment, specifically adverse childhood experiences, in various aspects of MD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Brietzke
- Recognition and Intervention in Individuals in at-Risk Mental States, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hernandez A, Gallardo-Pujol D, Pereda N, Arntz A, Bernstein DP, Gaviria AM, Labad A, Valero J, Gutiérrez-Zotes JA. Initial validation of the Spanish childhood trauma questionnaire-short form: factor structure, reliability and association with parenting. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2013; 28:1498-1518. [PMID: 23266990 DOI: 10.1177/0886260512468240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study examines the internal consistency and factor structure of the Spanish version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF) and the association between the CTQ-SF subscales and parenting style. Cronbach's α and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were performed in a female clinical sample (n = 185). Kendall's ι correlations were calculated between the maltreatment and parenting scales in a subsample of 109 patients. The Spanish CTQ-SF showed adequate psychometric properties and a good fit of the 5-factor structure. The neglect and abuse scales were negatively associated with parental care and positively associated with overprotection scales. The results of this study provide initial support for the reliability and validity of the Spanish CTQ-SF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Hernandez
- Hospital Universitari Psiquiàtric Institut Pere Mata, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Binelli C, Ortiz A, Muñiz A, Gelabert E, Ferraz L, S Filho A, Crippa JAS, Nardi AE, Subirà S, Martín-Santos R. Social anxiety and negative early life events in university students. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PSIQUIATRIA (SAO PAULO, BRAZIL : 1999) 2013; 34 Suppl 1:S69-74. [PMID: 22729450 DOI: 10.1590/s1516-44462012000500006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is substantial evidence regarding the impact of negative life events during childhood on the aetiology of psychiatric disorders. We examined the association between negative early life events and social anxiety in a sample of 571 Spanish University students. METHODS In a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2007, we collected data through a semistructured questionnaire of sociodemographic variables, personal and family psychiatric history, and substance abuse. We assessed the five early negative life events: (i) the loss of someone close, (ii) emotional abuse, (iii) physical abuse, (iv) family violence, and (v) sexual abuse. All participants completed the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. RESULTS Mean (SD) age was 21 (4.5), 75% female, LSAS score was 40 (DP = 22), 14.2% had a psychiatric family history and 50.6% had negative life events during childhood. Linear regression analyses, after controlling for age, gender, and family psychiatric history, showed a positive association between family violence and social score (p = 0.03). None of the remaining stressors produced a significant increase in LSAS score (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION University students with high levels of social anxiety presented higher prevalence of negative early life events. Thus, childhood family violence could be a risk factor for social anxiety in such a population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Binelli
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Parc Taulí, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Filippon APM, Bassani DG, Aguiar RWD, Ceitlin LHF. Association between childhood trauma and loss of functionality in adult women with fibromyalgia. TRENDS IN PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY 2013; 35:46-54. [DOI: 10.1590/s2237-60892013000100006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether history of childhood trauma is associated with loss of functionality in adult women with fibromyalgia (FM). A secondary objective was to assess the presence of differences between depressed and non-depressed adult women with FM in a regression model for functionality. METHODS: A total of 114 adult women with FM according to the American College of Rheumatology diagnostic criteria answered the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire. All subjects were interviewed by trained psychiatrists and evaluated for depression using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) - Brazilian version 5.0.0. Correlation and regression models were used to investigate associations between childhood trauma and loss of functionality among patients with FM. The sample was stratified by presence and absence of clinical depression. RESULTS: Overall, childhood trauma was associated with of loss of functionality in adult women with FM. When stratified by depression, the regression model significantly increased the association among non-depressed patients, even after adjustment for age and use of psychotropic medications. CONCLUSIONS: Childhood trauma showed a clinically important association with loss of functionality among adult women with FM. The associations were more pronounced among subjects without comorbid depression.
Collapse
|
15
|
Associations between parenting behavior and anxiety in a rodent model and a clinical sample: relationship to peripheral BDNF levels. Transl Psychiatry 2012; 2:e195. [PMID: 23168995 PMCID: PMC3565759 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2012.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Adverse early-life environment is associated with anxiety-like behaviors and disorders. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is sensitive to this environment and could be a marker of underlying brain changes. We aimed at evaluating the development of anxiety-like behaviors in a rat model of early adversity, as well as the possible association with BDNF levels. Similar associations were investigated in a sample of adolescent humans. For the rat study, Wistar rat litters were divided into: early-life stress (ELS, limited access to nesting material) and control groups. Maternal behavior was observed from days 1 to 9 of life and, as adults, rats were subjected to behavioral testing and BDNF measurements in plasma, hippocampus, amygdala and periaqueductal gray. For the human study, 129 adolescents were evaluated for anxiety symptoms and perceived parental care. Serum BDNF levels and the Val66Met polymorphism of the BDNF gene were investigated. We found that ELS dams showed more pure contact, that is, contact with low care and high control, toward pups, and their adult offspring demonstrated higher anxiety-like behaviors and plasma BDNF. Also the pure contact correlated positively with adult peripheral BDNF. Similarly in humans, there was a positive correlation between maternal overprotection and serum BDNF only in Met carriers. We also found negative correlations between maternal warmth and separation anxiety, social phobia and school phobia. Finally, our translational approach revealed that ELS, mediated through variations in maternal care, is associated with anxiety in both rats and humans and increased peripheral BDNF may be marking these phenomena.
Collapse
|
16
|
Binelli C, Ortiz A, Muñiz A, Gelabert E, Ferraz L, Filho AS, Crippa JAS, Nardi AE, Subirà S, Martín-Santos R. Social anxiety and negative early life events in university students. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1516-4446(12)70055-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
17
|
Blaya C, Salum GA, Moorjani P, Seganfredo AC, Heldt E, Leistner-Segal S, Smoller JW, Manfro GG. Panic disorder and serotonergic genes (SLC6A4, HTR1A and HTR2A): Association and interaction with childhood trauma and parenting. Neurosci Lett 2010; 485:11-5. [PMID: 20817074 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2010] [Revised: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 08/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between HTR1A, HTR2A and the 5-HTTLPR in panic disorder (PD) patients and controls. In addition, this study also aims to evaluate the interaction between these genes and two environmental factors previously associated with PD: childhood trauma and parental bonding. METHODS This is a case-control candidate gene association study (107 PD patients and 125 controls). Genes were analyzed using a gene-based test in PLINK followed by single marker association tests and haplotype test only for genes that reached experiment-wide significance in the gene-based test in order to minimize multiple testing. Logistic regression was used to test the relationships between genotype in the additive model, trauma, optimal paternal parenting and optimal maternal parenting and their interactions. RESULTS Only HTR1A was associated with PD in gene-based test after correction for multiple tests (p(corrected)=0.027) and one HTR1A haplotype comprising four SNPs was associated with PD (p(corrected)=0.032). In the interaction analysis, no significant gene-environment interaction was found with the genes evaluated. CONCLUSION This study reinforces the association between HTR1A and PD. No major evidence of gene-environment interaction in PD with parenting or trauma was found. Further studies are necessary in order to confirm these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Blaya
- Anxiety Disorders Program, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Luiz Manoel Gonzaga, 630/11, 90470-280 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|