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Spatial distribution of Mycobacterium bovis spoligotypes in cattle from the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:238. [PMID: 35867201 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03243-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Genotyping methods have led to a better understanding of the epidemiology of Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) infection, and its transmission dynamics, as well as the possible phylogenetic relationships between Mycobacterium strains, thus making bovine tuberculosis control programs more efficient. The goal of this study was to characterize the main spoligotypes of M. bovis isolated from cattle in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. It was carried out in 28 municipalities of "Triângulo Mineiro" and "Alto Paranaíba" regions of the state. Viscera samples were obtained from 58 bovines positive for tuberculosis according to comparative cervical tests, and from another 100 bovines with lesions suggestive of tuberculosis, which were donated by the National Agricultural Laboratory of Pedro Leopoldo, Minas Gerais. Microbiological isolation was performed in Stonebrink medium, and molecular identification of mycobacteria was performed by PCR. Genotyping was performed using the spoligotyping method at the Agrobiotechnology and Molecular Biology Institute of National Agricultural Technology Institute-National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Among the 158 viscera samples, we obtained 40 (25%) isolates of M. bovis, and detected 11 spoligotype patterns, with a predominance of SB1142 (37.5%), SB0121 (25.0%), and SB1145 (10.0%). Other standards, SB0295, SB1050, SB0881, SB1144, SB1802, SB0140, SB0120, and SB0849, varied from 2.5 to 7.5%, heterogeneously distributed among the municipalities. The presence of spoligotypes shared with other Brazilian states and different countries indicates their possible exchange through epidemiological relationships, such as the transit of live animals and/or genetic similarity between strains that share a common ancestor.
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Chen J, Huang Y, Xiao B, Deng H, Gong K, Li K, Li L, Hao W. Development of a RPA-CRISPR-Cas12a Assay for Rapid, Simple, and Sensitive Detection of Mycoplasma hominis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:842415. [PMID: 35464976 PMCID: PMC9024404 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.842415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma hominis, which is difficult to culture and identify by ordinary methods, is one of the smallest pathogens in the human genitourinary tract causing urogenital infections. A CRISPR-Cas12a-based detection system might provide a novel application for M. hominis nucleic acid detection in molecular diagnostics. A plasmid containing the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene of M. hominis (ATCC_27545) as the positive control was constructed by homologous recombination. The active Cas12a protein was purified by affinity chromatography. The primers for recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), the CRISPR RNA (crRNA), and the ratio of Cas12a to crRNA were further optimized. Finally, the sensitivity, specificity, and clinical effectiveness of the Cas12a detection system were confirmed. We successfully constructed and optimized a novel nucleic acid detection system for M. hominis based on RPA-CRISPR-Cas12a, and the whole process takes only 1 h. The limit of detection for the gap gene of M. hominis was 3 copies/μl and no cross-reactivity with other urogenital pathogens appeared. In the evaluation of 111 clinical samples, the sensitivity and specificity were both 1.000 and the area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic was 1.000 (p < 0.001), indicating that the RPA-Cas12a-fluorescent assay was fully comparable to the traditional culture method. Finally, the RPA-Cas12a detection system can also be combined with lateral flow strips (LFS) to achieve visual detection. We successfully developed a low-cost and rapid detection method of M. hominis based on RPA-Cas12a technology. This method realized by fluorescence value readout and visual detection by LFS could be applied in population screening and resource-limited conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Chen
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Antibody Engineering of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinger Huang
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Antibody Engineering of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Xiao
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, Qingyuan, China
| | - Hao Deng
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Antibody Engineering of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Stem Cell Clinical Transformation and Application Center, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kunxiang Gong
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kun Li
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Antibody Engineering of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linhai Li
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, Qingyuan, China,*Correspondence: Linhai Li,
| | - Wenbo Hao
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Antibody Engineering of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Wenbo Hao,
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Andretta M, Almeida TT, Ferreira LR, Carvalho AF, Yamatogi RS, Nero LA. Microbial safety status of Serro artisanal cheese produced in Brazil. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:10790-10798. [PMID: 31563304 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Considering the growing consumption of artisanal foods worldwide, we aimed to evaluate the microbial safety of Serro artisanal cheese (SAC), produced in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. This cheese is produced with raw milk using 1 of 2 natural starter cultures: "pingo" and "rala." A total of 53 SAC samples (pingo = 8; rala = 45) were obtained from different farmers and subjected to conventional and molecular assays to detect and enumerate Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., coagulase-positive staphylococci (CPS), diarrheagenic Escherichia coli, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Brucella abortus. The SAC samples were also subjected to an ELISA to detect classical staphylococcal enterotoxins (CSE: SEA, SEB, SEC, SED, SEE) and to PCR assays to detect staphylococcal enterotoxin-related genes (sea, seb, sec, sed, see). Coagulase-positive staphylococci isolates were obtained and tested by the same assays to detect their potential in CSE production and presence of CSE-related genes. None of the SAC samples showed any of the screened food-borne pathogens and zoonotic agents, and none showed the presence of CSE by phenotypic and genotypic approaches. Despite the absence of microbial hazards, mean counts of CPS in SAC samples were 5.2 log cfu/g (pingo starter) and 4.6 log cfu/g (rala starter), indicating poor hygiene practices during production. None of the tested CPS isolates (n = 116) produced CSE or presented CSE-related genes. Despite the relative microbial safety, hygienic conditions during SAC production must be improved to meet official guidelines established in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Andretta
- Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - T T Almeida
- Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - L R Ferreira
- Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - A F Carvalho
- Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - R S Yamatogi
- Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - L A Nero
- Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
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Sales ÉB, de Alencar AP, Hodon MA, Soares Filho PM, de Souza-Filho AF, Lage AP, Heinemann MB, Fonseca Júnior AA. Identification of clonal complexes of Mycobacterium bovis in Brazil. Arch Microbiol 2019; 201:1047-1051. [PMID: 31111186 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-019-01674-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis is a disease that is widely distributed around the world. Its causative agent, Mycobacterium bovis, has characteristics of a microorganism with clonal multiplication in populations with no evidence of genetic exchange between strains, and, consequently, a group of strains can be identified as descending from a common ancestor. The aim of this study was to investigate the clonal complexes of M. bovis isolated from samples of lesions suggestive of bovine tuberculosis collected from slaughterhouses in various states of Brazil between 2006 and 2012. Ninety samples were analyzed, and it was found that 14.4% belonged to the clonal complex European1 and 81.1% to the clonal complex European2, while 4.65% were not identified as any of the four known complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Érica Bravo Sales
- Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário de Minas Gerais, Pedro Leopoldo, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Mikael Arrais Hodon
- Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário de Minas Gerais, Pedro Leopoldo, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Antonio Francisco de Souza-Filho
- Laboratório de Zoonoses Bacterianas, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrey Pereira Lage
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia Aplicada, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcos Bryan Heinemann
- Laboratório de Zoonoses Bacterianas, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Evaluation of the efficiency of nested q-PCR in the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex directly from tuberculosis-suspected lesions in post-mortem macroscopic inspections of bovine carcasses slaughtered in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Meat Sci 2015; 106:11-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2015.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Cazola DDO, Jorge KDS, Zumárraga MJ, Souza-Filho AF, Araújo FR, Osório ALA. Identificação e genotipagem de Mycobacterium bovis em bovinos positivos no teste intradérmico para tuberculose em Mato Grosso do Sul. PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2015000200008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Neste estudo, realizou-se genotipagem de isolados de Mycobacterium bovis, provenientes de amostras de tecidos de bovinos positivos no teste cervical comparativo (TCC) para tuberculose em Mato Grosso do Sul, por meio da técnica de spoligotyping. Tecidos de 13 bovinos positivos, oriundos de diferentes municípios do estado, foram cultivados em meio de Stonebrink. As colônias resultantes foram submetidas à coloração de Ziehl-Neelsen e todos os isolados apresentaram características tintoriais de BAAR. Os 13 isolados de BAAR foram identificados por PCR multiplex (mPCR). O gene hsp65 foi alvo para identificação de Mycobacterium spp, a sequência de inserção IS6110 foi alvo para identificação de complexo Mycobacterium tuberculosis (CMT) e a região rvd1rv2031c foi explorada para detecção de M. bovis. Os isolados micobacterianos foram genotipados pela técnica de spoligotyping. Dos 13 bovinos, sete tinham pelo menos uma lesão sugestiva de tuberculose em linfonodos retrofaríngeos, parotídeos e pulmonares ou no pulmão, e em seis não foram encontradas lesões visíveis sugestivas da doença. Na mPCR, 11/13 (84,6%) isolados foram positivos para Mycobacterium spp; 8/13 (61,5%) positivos para CMT e 7/13 (53,8%) positivos para M. bovis. Com base no spoligotyping, oito isolados de BAAR foram agrupados dentro de três diferentes agrupamentos de genótipos e uma amostra remanescente apresentou perfil único, sendo quatro isolados com padrão de espoligotipo SB0121, dois SB1145, dois SB0881 e um SB0140. A técnica de spoligotyping demonstrou que há diversidade genética entre os espoligotipos presentes no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, embora predomine o perfil SB0121
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Comparison of LCD array and IS6110-PCR with conventional techniques for detection of Mycobacterium bovis isolated from Egyptian cattle and Buffaloes. Int J Mycobacteriol 2014; 3:197-204. [PMID: 26786488 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmyco.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis is a chronic bacterial and major infectious disease of cattle and buffaloes caused by Mycobacterium bovis. Rapid diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis is considered one of the cornerstones for worldwide control as it permits early epidemiological and therapeutic interventions. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate conventional techniques (tuberculin test, Ziehl Neelsen staining and culturing) in comparison with proven molecular laboratory techniques (LCD array and IS6110 PCR) for identification of Bovine tuberculosis. A total of 902 Egyptian animals (480 buffaloes and 422 cattle) were examined by tuberculin test, and the positive reactors were slaughtered. Tissue samples were collected for staining as well as culturing. Moreover, LCD array and PCR using IS6110 on DNA extracted from tissue and culture samples were carried out for molecular identification of M. bovis. According to the results, the tuberculin positive cases for cattle and buffaloes were 2.14% (9 cases) and 5.62% (27 cases), respectively. After post-mortem examination, the prevalence of tuberculin positive cases with visible lesions was 88.9% for cattle and 14.8% for buffaloes. Alternatively, these percentages were 11.1% and 85.2% for cattle and buffalo carcasses with non-visible lesions. The percentage of cattle and buffaloes showing positive culture was 88.9% and 62.9%, respectively. This percentage was 69.5% after staining with Ziehl Neelsen. In contrast, LCD array and IS6110 were 100%, confirming the isolation results. In conclusion, LCD array depending on 16S RNA and DNA hybridization with specific probes for detection of M. bovis are rapid, sensitive and labor-saving when combined with IS6110-PCR.
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Okeke LA, Cadmus S, Okeke IO, Muhammad M, Awoloh O, Dairo D, Waziri EN, Olayinka A, Nguku PM, Fawole O. Prevalence and risk factors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex infection in slaughtered cattle at Jos South Abattoir, Plateau State, Nigeria. Pan Afr Med J 2014; 18 Suppl 1:7. [PMID: 25328626 PMCID: PMC4199342 DOI: 10.11694/pamj.supp.2014.18.1.3841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is widespread yet poorly controlled in Nigeria hence posing a public health threat. This study determined the prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) and factors associated with MTC among slaughtered cattle at Jos South Abattoir in Plateau State, Nigeria. METHODS We conducted a cross sectional study in which we collected 168 lung samples systematically from 485 slaughtered cattle from May-June, 2012, and tested for acid fast bacilli (AFB) using Ziehl-Neelsen test and a duplex polymerase chain reaction technique (PCR) for MTC detection. Data on cattle socio-demographic characteristics and risk factors for zoonotic BTB infection was obtained and analyzed using Epi info version 3.5.3 to determine frequency, proportions, and prevalence odds ratios. Multiple logistic regression was done at 95% Confidence Interval (CI). RESULTS The mean age of the cattle was 5.6 ± 1.3 years and (108) 64.3% were females. Majority were indigenous White Fulani breed of cattle (58.5%) and about half (54.8%) were slightly emaciated. Prevalence of MTB complex was 21.4% by AFB test and 16.7% by duplex PCR. Of 33 (19.6%) lungs with lesions, 27 (81.8%) were positive for AFB; while of 135 (80.4%) lungs without lesions, 9 (6.7%) were positive for AFB. Lungs with lesions were 52 times more likely to test positive to AFB test compared to tissues without lesions (AOR=52.3; 95% CI: 16.4-191.8). CONCLUSION The presence of MTC in cattle signifies its potential risk to public health. Presence of lesions on lungs is a reliable indicator of MTC infection that meat inspectors should look out for.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Akudo Okeke
- Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Simeon Cadmus
- Faculty of Veterinary Public Health, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ikenna Osemeka Okeke
- Federal College of Veterinary and Medical Laboratory Technology, NVRI, Vom, Plateau State
| | - Maryam Muhammad
- National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - Oluchi Awoloh
- National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - David Dairo
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Adebola Olayinka
- Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Patrick Mboyo Nguku
- Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Olufunmilayo Fawole
- Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, Abuja, Nigeria
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Neeraja D, Veeregowda B, Rani MS, Rathnamma D, Narayanasw H, Venkatesha M, Leena G, Apsana R, Somshekhar S, Saminathan M, Dhama K, Chakrabort S. Identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex by Culture and Duplex Polymerase Chain Reaction in Bovines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.3923/ajava.2014.506.512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Sales ML, Fonseca AA, Sales EB, Cottorello ACP, Issa MA, Hodon MA, Soares Filho PM, Ramalho AK, Silva MR, Lage AP, Heinemann MB. Evaluation of molecular markers for the diagnosis of Mycobacterium bovis. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2014; 59:433-8. [PMID: 24744007 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-014-0317-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) comprises a group of bacteria that have a high degree of genetic similarity. Two species in this group, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis, are the main cause of human and bovine tuberculosis, respectively. M. bovis has a broader host range that includes humans; thus, the differentiation of mycobacterium is of great importance for epidemiological and public health considerations and to optimize treatment. The current study aimed to evaluate primers and molecular markers described in the literature to differentiate M. bovis and M. tuberculosis by PCR. Primers JB21/22, frequently cited in scientific literature, presented in our study the highest number of errors to identify M. bovis or M. tuberculosis (73%) and primers Mb.400, designed to flank region of difference 4 (RD4), were considered the most efficient (detected all M. bovis tested and did not detect any M. tuberculosis tested). Although also designed to flank RD4, primers Mb.115 misidentified eight samples due to primer design problems. The results showed that RD4 is the ideal region to differentiate M. bovis from other bacteria classified in MTC, but primer design should be considered carefully.
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A complementary diagnosis of naturally occurring tuberculosis in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in Rio de Janeiro using a MPB70-ELISA, Brazil. Trop Anim Health Prod 2012; 45:1203-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-012-0347-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Furlanetto LV, Figueiredo EE, Conte Júnior CA, Carvalho RC, Silva FG, Silva JT, Lilenbaum W, Paschoalin VM. Uso de métodos complementares na inspeção post mortem de carcaças com suspeita de tuberculose bovina. PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2012001100011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
O objetivo foi utilizar métodos complementares de diagnóstico (histopatológicos, bacteriológicos e moleculares), no julgamento de lesões suspeitas de tuberculose observadas durante a inspeção post mortem de rotina em abatedouros. Foi acompanhado o abate e a inspeção de 41.193 bovinos, sadios ao exame ante mortem, em sete abatedouros no estado de Mato Grosso. Carcaças de 198 (0,48%) animais apresentaram lesões, sendo 182 (92,0%) classificadas como granulomatosas ou piogranulomatosas na avaliação histopatológica. Entretanto, na baciloscopia, não foi evidenciada a presença de bacilo álcool-ácido resistente (BAAR). Mycobacterium bovis foi isolado em três (1,5%) lesões, provenientes de linfonodos retrofaringeanos de bovinos com até três anos de idade. Quando usado a PCR múltipla (m-PCR) diretamente nos fragmentos de tecido, detectou-se a presença de DNA de M. bovis em 14 (7,0%) lesões, incluindo as três amostras identificadas na análise bacteriológica. O julgamento das lesões pelo exame macroscópico concordou em 93,0% (184/198) com os resultados obtidos por meio da PCR. A fim de evitar equívocos durante a avaliação, principalmente das lesões paucibacilares, como as encontradas neste estudo, recomenda-se a utilização de testes complementares rápidos e confirmatórios. A m-PCR, associada à inspeção post mortem de rotina, demonstrou ser uma técnica promissora para a vigilância da tuberculose bovina em abatedouros, contribuindo para o sucesso do programa de erradicação da tuberculose bovina.
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Furlanetto L, Figueiredo E, Conte Júnior C, Silva F, Duarte R, Silva J, Lilenbaum W, Paschoalin V. Prevalência de tuberculose bovina em animais e rebanhos abatidos em 2009 no estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352012000200004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Estimou-se a prevalência de tuberculose em bovinos, e em seus respectivos rebanhos, abatidos em 2009 no estado de Mato Grosso, utilizando como diagnóstico confirmatório o exame bacteriológico e o molecular a partir de fragmentos de tecidos lesionados. Nos sete abatedouros selecionados, detentores de serviço de inspeção federal (SIF), foram inspecionados 41.193 bovinos, sadios ao exame ante mortem, procedentes de 492 rebanhos originários de 85 (60%) municípios mato-grossenses. Um total de 198 carcaças apresentaram lesões suspeitas. Apenas três carcaças (3/198) apresentaram lesões confirmadas como tuberculosas pelos diagnósticos laboratoriais. A prevalência aparente de tuberculose bovina em animais e rebanhos abatidos no estado de Mato Grosso foi de 0,007% [IC 95% = -0,001%; 0,016%] e 0,61% [IC 95% = -0,08%; 1,30%], respectivamente. O estado do Mato Grosso possui, naturalmente, um status sanitário considerado de baixa prevalência.
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Medeiros LS, Marassi CD, Figueiredo EE, Leite J, Ferreira AMR, Lilenbaum W. Assessing the histopathology to depict the different stages of bovine tuberculosis infection in a naturally infected herd. PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2012000200008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The standard method for detection of bovine tuberculosis (TB) is the single intradermal tuberculin test (SITT). Nevertheless, current studies suggest that a single test is not enough to detect all cattle infected by TB, particularly when animals present different stages of infection. A dairy herd comprised of 270 cows was studied and 15 were reactive to SITT plus nine inconclusive animals. Blood samples (for IFN and ELISA) were collected from these 24 cows. At 30 days after injection of PPD, all the cows that were reactive to any of the employed tests were slaughtered, and tissues were processed by Bacteriology, Histopathology (HP) and PCR. According to HP 33.4% of the animals were positive, 45.8% inconclusive and 20.8% were negative. The inconclusive samples came from IFN positive animals, signalizing recent infection. Regarding the animals that were negative to HP, all of them were identified by IFN while ELISA was negative. Immune responses are different in recent and advanced infections, what supports the identification between chronically or recently infected animals. This multidisciplinary approach is mandatory for the interpretation of the various tools that are frequently employed for the diagnosis of TB and mainly to identify all infected animals.
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Medeiros L, Marassi CD, Duarte RS, da Silva MG, Lilenbaum W. Comparison of decontamination methods for primary isolation of Mycobacterium bovis in paucibacillary bovine tissues. Lett Appl Microbiol 2011; 54:182-6. [PMID: 22118726 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2011.03185.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To compare three decontamination methods applied to paucibacillary samples for primary isolation of Mycobacterium bovis from suspect lesions. Tuberculosis caused by Myco. bovis is an important infectious disease of cattle in Brazil and also has zoonotic potential. Although a national campaign based on testing and slaughtering cattle has achieved good results, there is a strong need to develop better diagnostic methods to identify cattle with recent infections harbouring few bacilli. METHODS AND RESULTS A dairy herd (274 adult crossbred cows) located in the state of Rio de Janeiro was tested for tuberculosis with both single intradermal tuberculin test and comparative intradermal tuberculin test. Reactive cows (n=27, 9.8%) were slaughtered and suspect lesions were collected (one sample per cow). Samples considered paucibacillary (based on microscopy) were decontaminated with 0.75% hexadecylpyridinium chloride (HPC), 4% sodium hydroxide (Petroff) or 6% sulphuric acid. Using these methods, 10, five and six, respectively, of the 27 samples yielded positive cultures. Overall, Myco.bovis was isolated from 14 of 24 cows. Although the HPC method resulted in isolation of more Myco.bovis strains than either Petroff or sulphuric acid methods (P=0.015), it did not result in the recovery of Myco.bovis from all samples. However, using both HPC and 6% sulphuric acid methods for decontamination was possible to identify 13 of 14 (92·9%) of infected cows. CONCLUSIONS At least two methods should be used concurrently for primary isolation of Myco. bovis from bovine tissues, particularly for paucibacillary samples. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Detection of low numbers of Myco.bovis in tissue is an important goal in optimizing the detection of bovine tuberculosis and should assist in identification of infected cattle, in particular, those with few Myco.bovis bacilli. This was apparently the first study comparing three decontamination methods for the detection of Myco.bovis in paucibacillary samples from naturally infected cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Medeiros
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Laboratório de Bacteriologia Veterinária, Rua Hernani Mello, Niterói-RJ, Brazil.
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Figueiredo EEDS, Ramos DF, Medeiros L, Silvestre FG, Lilenbaum W, Silva JT, Paschoalin VMF, Dellagostin OA. Multiple strains of Mycobacterium bovis revealed by molecular typing in a herd of cattle. Vet J 2011; 193:296-8. [PMID: 22178356 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2011.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Revised: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis isolates from an outbreak of bovine tuberculosis in a herd of cattle in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were analysed by spoligotyping and variable-number tandem repeat PCR analysis of the mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit and exact tandem repeats. Molecular typing revealed a high genetic diversity of strains in the herd. The genetic diversity could be explained by the introduction of infected animals from different sources.
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Lilenbaum W, Marassi CD, Medeiros LS. Use of MPB-70 ELISA as a complementary test for bovine TB in the field in Brazil. Vet Rec 2011; 168:167-8. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.d906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Lilenbaum
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology; Universidade Federal Fluminense; Rua Hernani Mello 101, Sala 309 Niterói RJ 24210-130 Brazil
| | - C. D. Marassi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology; Universidade Federal Fluminense; Rua Hernani Mello 101, Sala 309 Niterói RJ 24210-130 Brazil
| | - L. S. Medeiros
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology; Universidade Federal Fluminense; Rua Hernani Mello 101, Sala 309 Niterói RJ 24210-130 Brazil
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Medeiros LDS, Marassi CD, Figueiredo EES, Lilenbaum W. Potential application of new diagnostic methods for controlling bovine tuberculosis in Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2010; 41:531-41. [PMID: 24031527 PMCID: PMC3768653 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822010005000002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2009] [Revised: 08/20/2009] [Accepted: 02/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis, a chronic infection in cattle caused by Mycobacterium bovis, remains an economic and public health problem for several countries. Due to its economic impact on international trade, contagious nature, and implications for human health, global programs to eradicate the disease were implemented worldwide. Those programs are based on slaughtering PPD-reactive animals. Despite the National Programs in Brazil, complete eradication has not been achieved, and the disease remains, albeit at a lower prevalence. The central purpose of this review is to address diagnostic tests for tuberculosis. Considering the course of the infection in cattle, at least two tests, ideally complementary to one another, may be necessary for an adequate diagnosis: the first based on the cellular response, and the second capable of identifying anergic animals by detection of specific anti-M.bovis antibodies.
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The use of a Gamma-Interferon assay to confirm a diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis in Brazil. Acta Trop 2010; 113:199-201. [PMID: 19819213 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2009.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2009] [Revised: 09/16/2009] [Accepted: 10/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Control of bovine tuberculosis (TB) is currently based on slaughter of cattle deemed positive on the basis of tuberculin testing; although the test has been broadly used for several years, there are some disadvantages such as the need for holding animals for 72 h. Besides it, test can lack both sensitivity and specificity depending on the interpretation and the site of the PPD inoculation. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to evaluate the use of the Gamma-Interferon (IFN) assay as a confirmatory test in Brazil. A Comparative Intradermal Tuberculin Test (CITT) was performed in 50 cows from a dairy herd known to be infected with TB. Blood samples for IFN testing were collected concurrent with the CITT, as well as seven and 21 days later. At 30 days after the CITT, all cattle deemed reactive to this test were slaughtered and samples were processed by both bacteriological culture and PCR. The sensitivity of IFN as a diagnostic tool was 91.4%, whereas specificity was 86.7%. When applied seven or 21 days after injection of PPD, sensitivity was 74.3 and 71.4%, respectively, whereas specificity was 86.7 and 80%. There was no significant difference between the reliability of the IFN assay and the other standards, on all three days of sampling. Therefore, we concluded that the IFN assay could be effectively used as a confirmatory test seven or 21 days after injection of PPD.
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