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Tanaka HS, Bertéli MBD, Cordeiro FA, Lopes AD, do Valle JS, Linde GA, Colauto NB. Semisolid culture medium improves mycelial recovery of Agaricus subrufescens cryopreserved in cereal grains. Braz J Microbiol 2019; 50:527-532. [PMID: 30850978 PMCID: PMC6863262 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-019-00063-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the solid and semisolid culture medium on the mycelial viability of A. subrufescens after 5-year cryopreservation at - 70 °C. Mycelia were grown in three types of whole or ground grains, with or without 5% glycerol addition in the substrate and/or in a cryotube. After 5 years of cryopreservation at - 70 °C, every treatment was thawed and recovered in malt extract culture medium with 15 (solid culture medium) or 5 g L-1 (semisolid culture medium) of agar. The semisolid recovery culture medium increased the mycelial viability recovery capacity of A. subrufescens cryopreserved for 5 years in grains with glycerol only in the cryotube, and specifically with medium-hard wheat grain without glycerol addition at all. Agar-based substrates such as malt extract agar, agar-ground grain, or the one with glycerol addition to the substrate were not effective to keep the mycelial viability, regardless of the recovery culture medium consistency. Hard and medium-hard endosperm wheat grains or hard endosperm rye grains with addition of glycerol as cryoprotectant only to the cryotube were effective to cryopreserve the fungus for 5 years without cryoprotectant addition in the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Susumu Tanaka
- Graduate Program of Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Paranaense University, CP 224, Umuarama, PR, 87.502-210, Brazil
| | - Miria Benetati Delgado Bertéli
- Graduate Program of Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Paranaense University, CP 224, Umuarama, PR, 87.502-210, Brazil
| | - Fabio Aparecido Cordeiro
- Graduate Program of Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Paranaense University, CP 224, Umuarama, PR, 87.502-210, Brazil
| | - Ana Daniela Lopes
- Graduate Program of Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Paranaense University, CP 224, Umuarama, PR, 87.502-210, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Silveira do Valle
- Graduate Program of Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Paranaense University, CP 224, Umuarama, PR, 87.502-210, Brazil
| | - Giani Andrea Linde
- Graduate Program of Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Paranaense University, CP 224, Umuarama, PR, 87.502-210, Brazil
| | - Nelson Barros Colauto
- Graduate Program of Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Paranaense University, CP 224, Umuarama, PR, 87.502-210, Brazil
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Wu D, Yang S, Tang C, Liu Y, Li Q, Zhang H, Cui F, Yang Y. Structural Properties and Macrophage Activation of Cell Wall Polysaccharides from the Fruiting Bodies of Hericium erinaceus. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E850. [PMID: 30960775 PMCID: PMC6403720 DOI: 10.3390/polym10080850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, water-soluble and alkali-soluble cell wall polysaccharides were obtained from fruiting body extracted residual micropowders of Hericium erinaceus, harvested at seven different growing stages. The structural properties and in vitro immunity activities of cell wall polysaccharides extracted successively by hot water and sodium hydroxide solution were studied, and the results indicated that the yield and content of polysaccharides increased during the reproductive growth stage and decreased with the maturity of the fruiting body. Water-soluble cell wall polysaccharides mainly composed of glucose and galactose at a molar ratio of 3.4⁻14:1.0, and also contained a small ratio of glucuronic acid. The alkali-soluble cell wall polysaccharides were glucans with lower molecular weight and higher macrophage activation activity in vitro than water-soluble ones. Our findings suggest that the growth stages (H4 and H5) are suitable for harvesting H. erinaceus fruiting bodies with higher cell wall polysaccharide yield and functional benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201403, China.
| | - Shan Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201403, China.
- College of Food Science &Engineering, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Chuan Tang
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201403, China.
| | - Yanfang Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201403, China.
| | - Qiaozhen Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201403, China.
| | - Henan Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201403, China.
| | - Fengjie Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Yan Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201403, China.
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Long-term cryopreservation of basidiomycetes. Braz J Microbiol 2017; 49:220-231. [PMID: 29122478 PMCID: PMC5913820 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Basidiomycetes have several biotechnological and industrial applications such as enzyme production, bioremediation, pharmaceutical and functional food production. Due to climatic features, the preservation of several basidiomycetes is threatened, and to guarantee the preservation of this genetic resource, the development of long-term preservation techniques is necessary once there is no universal protocol for the cryopreservation of basidiomycetes. Cryopreservation is a technique in which microorganisms are submitted to ultralow temperatures. Therefore, this study aimed to collect information on the main conditions for long-term cryopreservation of basidiomycetes in the last 20 years. Scientific articles on cryopreservation of basidiomycetes published from 1997 to 2016, were researched, and only the studies on two intervals of cryopreservation were considered: from 1 to 2 years and for longer than 2 years. The analyzed conditions of basidiomycete cryopreservation were: most studied genera, cryopreservation temperature, substrate, cryoprotectant (and preservation substrate), cryopreservation period, thawing temperature and cultivation medium after thawing, physiological and genetic stability of basidiomycetes after thawing in cryopreservation. In this review, the viability of the main cryopreservation conditions of basidiomycetes studied in the last 20 years are presented and discussed.
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Júnior LLZ, Lopes AD, Cordeiro FA, Colla IM, Bertéli MBD, Valle JSD, Linde GA, Colauto NB. Cryopreservation at -75°C of Agaricus subrufescens on wheat grains with sucrose. Braz J Microbiol 2017; 49:370-377. [PMID: 29150248 PMCID: PMC5913831 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Agaricus subrufescens is a basidiomycete which is studied because of its medicinal and gastronomic importance; however, less attention has been paid to its preservation. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of sucrose addition to substrate and cryotube on the viability of Agaricus subrufescens cryopreserved at −20 °C and at −75 °C for one and two years. Zero, 10% or 20% sucrose was added to potato dextrose agar or wheat grain. The mycelia were cryopreserved in the absence of cryoprotectant or with sucrose solutions at 15%, 30% or 45%. After one or two years at −75 °C or at −20 °C, mycelia were thawed and evaluated about viability, initial time of growth, colony diameter and genomic stability. Cryopreservation at −20 °C is not effective to keep mycelial viability of this fungus. Cryopreservation at −75 °C is effective when sucrose is used in substrates and/or cryotubes. Without sucrose, cryopreservation at −75 °C is effective only when wheat grains are used. Physiological characteristic as mycelial colony diameter is negatively affected when potato dextrose agar is used and unaffected when wheat grain is used after two-year cryopreservation at −75 °C. The fungus genome does not show alteration after two-year cryopreservation at −75 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lienine Luiz Zaghi Júnior
- Universidade Paranaense, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agricultura, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana Daniela Lopes
- Universidade Paranaense, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agricultura, Umuarama, PR, Brazil.
| | - Fábio Aparecido Cordeiro
- Universidade Paranaense, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agricultura, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Itaruã Machri Colla
- Universidade Paranaense, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agricultura, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana Silveira do Valle
- Universidade Paranaense, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agricultura, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Giani Andrea Linde
- Universidade Paranaense, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agricultura, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Nelson Barros Colauto
- Universidade Paranaense, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agricultura, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
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Mourão F, Harue Umeo S, Seiko Takemura O, Andrea Linde G, Barros Colauto N. Antioxidant Activity of Agaricus brasiliensis Basidiocarps on Different Maturation Phases. Braz J Microbiol 2013; 42:197-202. [PMID: 24031621 PMCID: PMC3768950 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822011000100024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2009] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Different maturation phases of basidiocarp could affect the bioactivity and concentration of some active substances. A. brasiliensis Wasser et al. (A. blazei Murrill) has shown antitumor activity that could be related to the antioxidant activity. However there is no information of the best basidiocarp maturation phase for extracting antioxidant substances in order to determine the moment of harvesting in mushroom cultivation. The objective of this work was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of A. brasiliensis strains on different basidiocarp maturation phases. The best condition for extraction of A. brasiliensis antioxidants is with methanol as solvent at 60 °C for 60 min. Strains with closed basidiocarp have higher antioxidant activity than with opened basidiocarp. Antioxidant activity varies in each strain. It was concluded that A. brasiliensis is a natural source of antioxidant compounds. Also there is higher antioxidant activity in closed than opened caps and consequently higher functional activity. It reinforces the synergic action among different A. brasiliensis compounds as a functional food and the importance of further investigation for isolation and characterization of antioxidant substances of A. brasiliensis. It also determines the best harvest period in order to obtain the highest antioxidant activity from basidiocarp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francielly Mourão
- Universidade Paranaense, Campus I de Umuarama, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular , Umuarama, PR , Brasil
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Wisitrassameewong K, Karunarathna SC, Thongklang N, Zhao R, Callac P, Moukha S, Férandon C, Chukeatirote E, Hyde KD. Agaricus subrufescens: A review. Saudi J Biol Sci 2012; 19:131-46. [PMID: 23961172 PMCID: PMC3730566 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2012.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Revised: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal mushrooms have currently become a hot issue due to their various therapeutic properties. Of these, Agaricus subrufescens, also known as the "almond mushroom", has long been valued by many societies (i.e., Brazil, China, France, and USA). Since its discovery in 1893, this mushroom has been cultivated throughout the world, especially in Brazil where several strains of A. subrufescens have been developed and used as health food and alternative medicine. This article presents up-to-date information on this mushroom including its taxonomy and health promoting benefits. Medicinal properties of A. subrufescens are emphasized in several studies which are reviewed here. In addition, safety issues concerning the use of this fungus will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komsit Wisitrassameewong
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Mushroom Research Foundation, Chiang Mai 50150, Thailand
| | - Samantha C. Karunarathna
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Mushroom Research Foundation, Chiang Mai 50150, Thailand
| | | | - Ruilin Zhao
- Faculty of Biology Conservation, Southwest Forestry University, Bailongsi, Kunming, Yunnan 650224, China
| | - Philippe Callac
- INRA, UR1264, Mycologie et Sécurité des Aliments, BP81, 33883 Villenave d Ornon, France
| | - Serge Moukha
- INRA, UR1264, Mycologie et Sécurité des Aliments, BP81, 33883 Villenave d Ornon, France
- Department of Toxicology, UFR des Sciences, Pharmaceutiques-Université Bordeaux Segalen, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Cyril Férandon
- Department of Toxicology, UFR des Sciences, Pharmaceutiques-Université Bordeaux Segalen, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | | | - Kevin D. Hyde
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Mushroom Research Foundation, Chiang Mai 50150, Thailand
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Colauto NB, da Silveira AR, da Eira AF, Linde GA. Production flush of Agaricus blazei on Brazilian casing layers. Braz J Microbiol 2011; 42:616-23. [PMID: 24031673 PMCID: PMC3769847 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838220110002000026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2010] [Revised: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to verify the biological efficiency and production flushes of Agaricus blazei strains on different casing layers during 90 cultivation days. Four casing layers were used: mixture of subsoil and charcoal (VCS), lime schist (LSC), São Paulo peat (SPP) and Santa Catarina peat (SCP); and two genetically distant A. blazei strains. The fungus was grown in composted substratum and, after total colonization, a pasteurized casing layer was added over the substratum, and fructification was induced. Mushrooms were picked up daily when the basidiocarp veil was stretched, but before the lamella were exposed. The biological efficiency (BE) was determined by the fresh basidiocarp mass divided by the substratum dry mass, expressed in percentage. The production flushes were also determined over time production. The BE and production flushes during 90 days were affected by the strains as well as by the casing layers. The ABL26 and LSC produced the best BE of 60.4%. Although VCS is the most used casing layer in Brazil, it is inferior to other casing layers, for all strains, throughout cultivation time. The strain, not the casing layer, is responsible for eventual variations of the average mushroom mass. In average, circa 50% of the mushroom production occurs around the first month, 30% in the second month, and 20% in third month. The casing layer water management depends on the casing layer type and the strain. Production flush responds better to water reposition, mainly with ABL26, and better porosity to LSC and SCP casing layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Barros Colauto
- Universidade Paranaense, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Mascarenhas de Moraes , Umuarama, PR , Brasil
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