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Bueno CRDS, Pereira M, Favaretto IA, Bortoluci CHF, dos Santos TCP, Dias DV, Daré LR, Rosa GM. Electrical stimulation attenuates morphological alterations and prevents atrophy of the denervated cranial tibial muscle. EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2017; 15:71-76. [PMID: 28444093 PMCID: PMC5433311 DOI: 10.1590/s1679-45082017ao3808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate if electrical stimulation through Russian current is able to maintain morphology of the cranial tibial muscle of experimentally denervated rats. METHODS Thirty-six Wistar rats were divided into four groups: the Initial Control Group, Final Control Group, Experimental Denervated and Treated Group, Experimental Denervated Group. The electrostimulation was performed with a protocol of Russian current applied three times per week, for 45 days. At the end, the animals were euthanized and histological and morphometric analyses were performed. Data were submitted to statistical analysis with a significance level of p<0.05. RESULTS The Experimental Denervated Group and the Experimental Denervated and Treated Group had cross-sectional area of smaller fiber compared to the Final Control Group. However, there was significant difference between the Experimental Denervated Group and Experimental Denervated and Treated Group, showing that electrical stimulation minimized muscle atrophy. The Experimental Denervated and Treated Group and Initial Control Group showed similar results. CONCLUSION Electrical stimulation through Russian current acted favorably in maintaining morphology of the cranial tibial muscle that was experimentally denervated, minimizing muscle atrophy. OBJETIVO Investigar se a estimulação elétrica pela corrente russa é capaz de manter a morfologia do músculo tibial cranial de ratos desnervados experimentalmente. MÉTODOS Foram utilizados 36 ratos Wistar, distribuídos em quatro grupos: Grupo Controle Inicial, Grupo Controle Final, Grupo Experimental Desnervado Tratado, Grupo Experimental Desnervado. A eletroestimulação foi realizada com um protocolo de corrente russa aplicada três vezes por semanas, durante 45 dias. Ao final, os animais foram eutanasiados e, em seguida, foram realizadas as análises histológica e morfométrica. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística, com nível de significância de p<0,05. RESULTADOS Os Grupos Experimental Desnervado e o Grupo Experimental Desnervado Tratado apresentaram área de secção transversal da fibra menor quando comparados ao Grupo Controle Final. Entretanto, constatou-se diferença significativa entre o Grupo Experimental Desnervado e o Grupo Experimental Desnervado Tratado, mostrando que a estimulação elétrica minimizou atrofia muscular. Ainda, observou-se que o Grupo Experimental Desnervado Tratado apresentou resultados semelhantes ao Grupo Controle Inicial. CONCLUSÃO A estimulação elétrica por meio da corrente russa foi favorável na manutenção da morfologia do músculo tibial cranial desnervado experimentalmente, minimizando a atrofia muscular.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mizael Pereira
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
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Simas JMM, Kunz RI, Brancalhão RMC, Ribeiro LDFC, Bertolini GRF. Effects of physical exercise on the cartilage of ovariectomized rats submitted to immobilization. EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2016; 13:574-9. [PMID: 26761556 PMCID: PMC4878633 DOI: 10.1590/s1679-45082015ao3418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To analyze the effects of physical exercise on cartilage histomorphometry in osteoporosis-induced rats subjected to immobilization. Methods We used 36 Wistar rats that were separated into six groups: G1, G2 and G3 submitted to pseudo-oophorectomy, and G4, G5 and G6 submitted to oophorectomy. After 60 days at rest, G2, G3, G5 and G6 had the right hind limbs immobilized for 15 days, followed by the same period in remobilization, being free in the box to G2 and G5, and climb ladder to G3 and G6. At the end of the experiment, the rats were euthanized, their tibias bilaterally removed and submitted to histological routine. Results There was significant increase in thickness of the articular cartilage (F(5;29)=13.88; p<0.0001) and epiphyseal plate (F(5;29)=14.72; p<0.0001) as the number of chondrocytes (F(5;29)=5.11; p=0.0021) in ovariectomized rats, immobilized and submitted to exercise. In the morphological analysis, degeneration of articular cartilage with subchondral bone exposure, loss of cellular organization, discontinuity of tidemark, presence of cracks and flocculation in ovariectomized, immobilized and free remobilization rats were found. In ovariectomized and immobilized remobilization ladder rats, signs of repair of the cartilaginous structures in the presence of clones, pannus, subcortical blood vessel invasion in the calcified zone, increasing the amount of isogenous groups and thickness of the calcified zone were observed. Conclusion Exercise climb ladder was effective in cartilaginous tissue recovery process damaged by immobilization, in model of osteoporosis by ovariectomy in rats.
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Zotz TGG, Paula JBD. Influence of transcutaneous electrical stimulation on heterotopic ossification: an experimental study in Wistar rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 48:1055-62. [PMID: 26292223 PMCID: PMC4671533 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20153426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a metaplastic biological process in which there is
newly formed bone in soft tissues, resulting in joint mobility deficit and pain.
Different treatment modalities have been tried to prevent HO development, but there
is no consensus on a therapeutic approach. Since electrical stimulation is a widely
used resource in physiotherapy practice to stimulate joint mobility, with analgesic
and anti-inflammatory effects, its usefulness for HO treatment was investigated. We
aimed to identify the influence of electrical stimulation on induced HO in Wistar
rats. Thirty-six male rats (350-390 g) were used, and all animals were anesthetized
for blood sampling before HO induction, to quantify the serum alkaline phosphatase.
HO induction was performed by bone marrow implantation in both quadriceps of the
animals, which were then divided into 3 groups: control (CG), transcutaneous
electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) group (TG), and functional electrical stimulation
(FES) group (FG) with 12 rats each. All animals were anesthetized and electrically
stimulated twice per week, for 35 days from induction day. After this period, another
blood sample was collected and quadriceps muscles were bilaterally removed for
histological and calcium analysis and the rats were killed. Calcium levels in muscles
showed significantly lower results when comparing TG and FG (P<0.001) and between
TG and CG (P<0.001). Qualitative histological analyses confirmed 100% HO in FG and
CG, while in TG the HO was detected in 54.5% of the animals. The effects of the
muscle contractions caused by FES increased HO, while anti-inflammatory effects of
TENS reduced HO.
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Affiliation(s)
- T G G Zotz
- Escola de Saùde e Biociências, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - J B de Paula
- Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brasil
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Oliveira PDD, Gomes CRDG, Oliveira RFD, Pires-Oliveira DADA, Bertolini SMMG. Histomorphometric alterations of muscle soleus provoked by drawn out immobilization: experimental study with wistar lineage rats. FISIOTERAPIA EM MOVIMENTO 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-5150.028.002.ao09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study has as objective to analyze the effect of joint immobilization of the soleus muscle of posterior members of rats on morphometric profile view, at periods of 21 and 45 days. Materials and methods Ten male Rattus novergicus albinus, Wistar variety, were used, separated into two groups (group I and II), of 5 animals each, with the first group submitted to immobilization for 21 days and the second for 45 days. The experiment control was acquired from the right contralateral member of each animal. The immobilization of the left posterior member was done by adapted orthesis. The morphometric analysis of soleus was by non-serial cross sections, 8μm thick. Results From the obtained images, the muscle fibers areas were analyzed, including the form of the fibers, comparing with the control group. In both the periods of immobilization cross sections of staple fibres had reduction of the section area, front to the comparison to its respective member has controlled, with significant important (p < 0.0001), especially it enters the experimental groups of 21 and 45 days. Conclusion It can be concluded that immobilization to articulate of rats per 21 and 45 days modifies the section area more transversa of staple fibres of the sóleo muscle and deleterious effect of more significant the cellular components for drawn out periods.
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Silva LI, Rosa CT, Meireles A, Rocha BP, Soares CLR, Ribeiro LDFC, Brancalhão RMC, Bertolini GRF. Avaliação de sóleos de ratas Wistar ooforectomizadas e remobilizadas em meio aquático. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-86922015210101508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUÇÃO: as incertezas sobre a forma mais eficaz de remobilização para músculos após períodos de imobilização.OBJETIVO: avaliar o comportamento da remobilização com natação sobre parâmetros histomorfométricos do músculo sóleo de ratas ooforectomizadas e pseudo-ooforectomizadas.MÉTODOS: foram utilizadas 24 ratas Wistar subdivididas em quatro grupos: G1: submetidos à ooforectomia, imobilização por 15 dias e remobilizados livremente; G2: ooforectomia, imobilização e remobilizados com natação por 10 dias; G3: pseudo-ooforectomia, imobilização e remobilizados livremente; G4: pseudo-ooforectomia, imobilização e remobilizados com natação. Os músculos sóleos direitos e esquerdos foram dissecados para as análises histomorfométricas longitudinal e transversal. A contagem de sarcômeros se deu em 300 µm e o comprimento da fibra muscular foi medida por paquímetro analógico. O peso muscular foi obtido em balança analítica e o diâmetro foi realizado em 100 fibras por músculo.RESULTADOS: houve redução significativa, tanto na análise longitudinal quanto transversal, quando comparados os músculos sóleos direitos e esquerdos de ambos os grupos.CONCLUSÃO: a imobilização do músculo sóleo de ratas ooforectomizadas e pseudo-ooforectomizadas acarreta efeitos deletérios à morfometria muscular e a remobilização por meio da natação não foi capaz de promover o retorno dos padrões estruturais do músculo sóleo.
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Kodama FY, Camargo RCT, Job AE, Ozaki GAT, Koike TE, Camargo Filho JCS. Muscle mechanical properties of adult and older rats submitted to exercise after immobilization. ACTA ORTOPEDICA BRASILEIRA 2014; 20:218-22. [PMID: 24453606 PMCID: PMC3718404 DOI: 10.1590/s1413-78522012000400005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To describe the effects of immobilization, free remobilization and remobilization by
physical exercise about mechanical properties of skeletal muscle of rats of two age
groups. Methods 56 Wistar rats divided into two groups according to age, an adult group (five months)
and an older group (15 months). These groups were subdivided in: control,
immobilized, free remobilized and remobilized by physical exercise. The pelvic limb of
rats was immobilized for seven days. The exercise protocol consisted of five
swimming sessions, once per day and 25 minutes per session. The gastrocnemius
muscle was subjected to tensile tests, and evaluated the properties: load at the maximum
limit, stretching at the maximum limit and stiffness. Results The immobilization reduced the values of load at the maximum limit and the
remobilization protocols were not sufficient to restore control levels in adult group
and older rats. The stretching at the maximum limit differs only in the older group. Conclusions The immobilization reduces the muscle's ability to bear loads and exercise protocol
tends to restore the default at control values in adult and older rats. The age factor
only interfered in the stretching at the maximum limit, inducing a reduction of this
property in the post-immobilization. Level of Evidence II, Investigating
the Results of Treatment.
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Limoni EL, Arruda EJD. Effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation in glycogen muscle reserves because of ingestion of ethanol: a study in rats. EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2013; 11:83-7. [PMID: 23579749 PMCID: PMC4872973 DOI: 10.1590/s1679-45082013000100015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of alcoholic ingestion and neurostimulation on the muscle glycogen reserve, body weight, blood sugar, and weight of the soleus muscle. METHODS Twenty male rats were distributed into four experimental groups (n=5), namely, Control, Ethanol, Electrostimulated, and Ethanol+Electrostimulated. The study lasted for 22 days. The groups submitted to the use of ethanol received the substance diluted in water, which was consumed during the entire experimental period. The groups that received electrostimulation, undersedationfor the procedure, had their left hind leg shaved, and the current was applied daily for 7 days, in 20-minute sessions. Next, after induced alcoholism and electrical stimulation in the corresponding groups, the animals were euthanized so that their muscles could be sent for glycogen analysis. RESULTS The Ethanol group displayed a lower body weight when compared to the Control and Electrostimulated groups; the Ethanol+Electrostimulated groups had a lower body weight compared to the Control and Electrostimulated groups, but were in a better situation when compared to the Ethanol group. As to glycogen capture, it was noted that the Ethanol group demonstrated resistance to blood glucose capture, whereas the Ethanol Electrostimulated group showed better capture than the other groups. As to muscle weight, it was observed that the Ethanol group had a lower weight than did the Controls, and that the Electrostimulated group weight greater when compared to the Control and Ethanol groups, respectively. On the other hand, the Ethanol+Electrostimulated groups showed no significant difference relative to the Controls, but had better results when compared to the Ethanol group. CONCLUSIONS Chronic exposure to alcohol showed a direct relationship with reduced muscle and body weight, and in glycogen capture and muscle reserves, besides favoring innumerous organic disorders, thus interfering in rehabilitation processes.
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Santos RLD, Souza MLSP, Santos FAD. Neuromuscular electric stimulation in patellofemoral dysfunction: literature review. ACTA ORTOPEDICA BRASILEIRA 2013; 21:52-8. [PMID: 24453645 PMCID: PMC3862020 DOI: 10.1590/s1413-78522013000100011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Patellofemoral dysfunction is a fairly common deficiency among young individuals that primarily affects females and may be characterized by pain, swelling and retropatellar crepitation. The purpose of this review of literature from the period between 2005 and 2011 was to systematize knowledge in relation to the increase in quadriceps muscle strength and pain relief in patients with patellofemoral dysfunction, using neuromuscular electrical stimulation and resistance exercises. The inclusion criteria were intervention articles from the past six years, in English, Spanish and Portuguese, which used muscle strengthening and neuromuscular electrical stimulation for rehabilitation obtained through searches in the electronic databases Medline and Lilacs and in the Bireme library. The bibliographic search yielded 28 references, of which nine were excluded in accordance with the aims and inclusion criteria while 16 articles were selected for reading of the abstracts and subsequent analysis. Mediumfrequency Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) can be used in association with resistance exercises as an adjuvant in the treatment of patellofemoral dysfunction (PFD), both to achieve muscle rebalance and for pain relief.
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Rocha WA, Gobbi GA, Araujo VDF, Santuzzi CH, Coutinho GC, Nogueira BV, Gonçalves WLS. Alterações morfofuncionais musculares em resposta ao alongamento passivo em modelo animal de imobilização prolongada de membro posterior. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s1517-86922010000600011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUÇÃO: O alongamento passivo ou estático (EAL) é frequentemente utilizado em programas de reabilitação e na área desportiva; porém, as alterações morfofuncionais ocorridas ainda não estão bem claras, principalmente após imobilização prolongada. OBJETIVOS: Examinar as alterações morfofuncionais musculares produzidas em resposta a três semanas de exercícios de EAL em um modelo animal de imobilização prolongada de membro posterior (MP) em posição encurtada. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 32 ratos Wistar divididos em quatro grupos (n = 8, em cada): A - grupo controle (CONT), B - grupo imobilizado por 21 dias (IMOB), C - grupo remobilizado por 21 dias (LIVRE), D - grupo alongados por 21 dias (ALONG). Foram comparadas as variações morfofuncionais entre grupos experimentais. As variáveis foram: peso corporal e muscular, comprimento muscular e ósseo, número de miofibrilas e quantidade de colágeno, determinadas através de histomorfometria muscular por contraste de cor. RESULTADOS: A IMOB do bíceps femoral em posição encurtada produziu uma importante hipotrofia com hiperplasia muscular compensatória, além do aumento (p < 0,05) na deposição de colágeno no perimísio e intramuscular de ratos. A remobilização livre ou o alongamento passivo reduziram significativamente (p < 0,05) estas alterações morfofuncionais observados no grupo IMOB. CONCLUSÃO: Através desses resultados, pode-se concluir que tanto o EAL quanto a remobilização livre promovem a restauração das alterações morfofuncionais no bíceps femoral esquerdo induzida pela imobilização prolongada, embora somente o EAL foi capaz de reduzir a relação entre colágeno/músculo.
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Abdalla DR, Bertoncello D, Carvalho LC. Avaliação das propriedades mecânicas do músculo gastrocnêmio de ratas imobilizado e submetido à corrente russa. FISIOTERAPIA E PESQUISA 2009. [DOI: 10.1590/s1809-29502009000100011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A eletroestimulação neuromuscular por corrente russa, recurso utilizado na reabilitação, pode aumentar o trofismo e restabelecer a força muscular, sobretudo dos músculos que apresentam deficit pós-imobilização, como é o caso de lesões durante a prática esportiva. Objetivou-se avaliar as propriedades mecânicas do músculo gastrocnêmio de ratas imobilizadas por 14 dias e posteriormente submetidas à eletroestimulação por corrente russa durante 10 dias. Utilizaram-se 32 ratas Wistar divididas em quatro grupos: controle (G1), imobilizado (G2); imobilizado e liberado por 10 dias (G3) e imobilizado e submetido à corrente russa por 10 dias (G4). A avaliação das propriedades mecânicas - carga, alongamento, rigidez e resiliência - foi feita por ensaio de tração longitudinal. Quanto à carga no limite máximo, o G4 apresentou valores mais elevados quando comparado ao grupo apenas imobilizado (G2, p<0,001), embora sem atingir o valor do G1. Na análise da propriedade de alongamento no limite máximo, G3 e G4 alcançaram valores significativamente maiores que o G2 (p<0,001). No que se refere à rigidez, apenas G2 alcançou valores maiores (p<0,05) que o G1. Quanto à resiliência, G4 apresentou valores inferiores ao grupo controle (p<0,05), mas ainda superiores aos do G2 (p<0,001). Portanto conclui-se que a corrente russa, quando aplicada por 10 dias após 14 dias de imobilização, é benéfica, embora não seja capaz de restabelecer todas as propriedades mecânicas do músculo em nível controle.
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Oliveira Milani JGP, Matheus JPC, Gomide LB, Volpon JB, Shimano AC. Biomechanical effects of immobilization and rehabilitation on the skeletal muscle of trained and sedentary rats. Ann Biomed Eng 2008; 36:1641-8. [PMID: 18683054 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-008-9542-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2008] [Accepted: 07/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Because of the scarcity of information about the comparison of training to sedentarism beforehand immobilization and rehabilitation through muscle mechanical properties, the present work investigates this theme. Seventy rats were divided into 7 groups: 1-control (C); 2-trained (T); 3-sedentary (S); 4-trained and immobilized (TI); 5-sedentary and immobilized (SI); 6-trained, immobilized and rehabilitated (TIR); 7-sedentary, immobilized and rehabilitated (SIR). INTERVENTIONS Swimming training; Sedentarism (reduced size cages); Cast immobilization (pelvic limb) and water rehabilitation. Load at the limit of proportionality (LLP), maximum limit load (MLL) and stiffness (St) were the mechanical properties determined after a mechanical test of traction of the gastrocnemius. The training improved all mechanical properties when compared to sedentarism. After immobilization, LLP and MLL were reduced in TI and SI. However, there was no difference in St between C and TI. Additionally, TI showed improved MLL when compared to SI. The comparison of TI and TIR showed significant melioration in all properties after remobilization. SIR showed an improvement only in MLL when compared to SI. Significant melioration in LLP and St was observed in TIR compared to SIR. We demonstrated that the training before immobilization and rehabilitation had a positive effect on the muscle mechanical behavior compared to sedentarism. This analysis is of fundamental importance because it helps characterize the muscle tissue under different functional demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Goulart Prata Oliveira Milani
- Laboratory of Bioengineering, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Matheus JPC, Milani JGPO, Gomide LB, Volpon JB, Shimano AC. Análise biomecânica dos efeitos da crioterapia no tratamento da lesão muscular aguda. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2008. [DOI: 10.1590/s1517-86922008000400010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A crioterapia é amplamente utilizada por atletas profissionais e amadores no tratamento agudo de lesões musculares. Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar as propriedades mecânicas do músculo gastrocnêmio lesionado por impacto direto e tratado com crioterapia. Para tanto, foram utilizadas 24 ratas Wistar, divididas em três grupos experimentais: grupo controle (C): animais mantidos em gaiolas-padrão por seis dias; grupo lesionado (L): animais submetidos à lesão por mecanismo de impacto no gastrocnêmio, sem tratamento e mantidos em gaiolas-padrão por seis dias; grupo lesionado e tratado com crioterapia (LC): animais submetidos à lesão, tratados com uma sessão de crioterapia, imediatamente após a lesão e mantidos em gaiolas-padrão por seis dias. Após essas etapas, os animais foram submetidos à eutanásia para que fossem realizados os ensaios mecânicos de tração dos músculos gastrocnêmios direitos, na máquina universal de ensaios (EMIC®). A partir dos gráficos carga versus alongamento de cada ensaio, foram calculadas as seguintes propriedades mecânicas: carga no limite máximo (CLM), alongamento no limite máximo (ALM) e rigidez (R). No ALM, o grupo C apresentou diferença estatística (p < 0,05) somente quando comparado com o L. Quando analisadas carga máxima e rigidez, houve diferença estatística (p < 0,05) nos três grupos. Assim, enquanto os músculos lesionados sem tratamento apresentaram diminuição de todas as propriedades mecânicas analisadas, os tratados com crioterapia mostraram melhora das propriedades, porém, sem alcançar o grupo controle. Dessa forma, podemos concluir que a sessão de crioterapia por imersão imediata após a lesão promoveu melhora das propriedades mecânicas analisadas.
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