Avaliação da qualidade da atenção pré-natal dentre gestantes com e sem história de prematuridade no Sistema Único de Saúde no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

Double screening for syphilis and HIV in pregnant women in a priority municipality for the elimination of vertical transmission in Brazil: incidence, risk factors and spatial analysis

BACKGROUND

The Brazilian Ministry of Health (MoH) recommends double screening (DS) for syphilis and HIV during the first and third trimesters of antenatal care (ANC) to mitigate vertical transmission. We surveyed DS outcomes and their associated factors in a priority Brazilian municipality with >100 000 inhabitants who face challenges for both health problems.

METHODS

A total of 399 women were followed up throughout pregnancy using medical records. Spatial and multinomial logistic analyses were performed.

RESULTS

There was an incidence rate of 24.8%, 59.4% and 15.8% for 'full DS', 'partial DS' and 'without DS', respectively. Younger women and those with a history of both prematurity and multiparity were less likely to be in the 'full DS' category. There was an overlap of high-density clusters of 'full DS' and 'ANC in better quality basic health units', adherent to both the Family Health Strategy and the National Program for Access and Quality Improvement in Primary Care.

CONCLUSIONS

The poor DS outcomes presented in 75% of the cases were mostly linked to delays in starting ANC appointments or their discontinuity. Thus, the MoH recommendations, accompanied by ongoing training, technical assistance and the periodic evaluation of their implementation, need to effectively reach providers and promote counseling and awareness about the importance of DS for pregnant women.

Evaluation of prenatal care according to indicators for the Prenatal and Birth Humanization Program

Abstract Objectives: to evaluate prenatal care provided to low-risk pregnant women users of the Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) (Public Health System) in the city of Joinville, SC. Methods: this is a cross-sectional observational study carried out from March 2018 to February 2019, through interview and analysis of the Pregnant Card of puerperal over 18 years old, from Joinville, who underwent prenatal care at SUS, excluding recent given up puerperal. Prenatal care was evaluated according to the recommended criteria by the Prenatal and Birth Humanization Program. Results: 683 mothers were interviewed. The criteria with the highest levels of adequacy were accessibility (99.6%), early initiation on prenatal care (92.7%) and 6 or more consultations (87.1%) and the criteria with the lowest rates of adequacy were the set of guidelines (17.7%) and the third and first trimester exams (42.5% and 63.5% respectively). Conclusion: it is concluded that the prenatal care provided by SUS in the city of Joinville, despite the almost universal accessibility, the early onset and the prevalence of puerperal women with more than 6 consultations, showed a sharp decline in the analysis of the recommended indicators.

Right to health, autonomy, and access to prenatal services

BACKGROUND

The concept of the right to health includes decent conditions of work, housing, and leisure. It can be assessed through the evaluation of access to health services and programs. The creation of the Brazilian Unified Health System expanded access to healthcare for the entire Brazilian population.

AIM

This study aimed to understand the use of the Brazilian Unified Health System by pregnant women who live on the Brazil-Paraguay border, whose residents are known as Braziguayans.

METHODS

We conducted 16 semi-structured interviews with users of prenatal services at Unified Health System units located at the border of the municipalities of Ponta Porã and Pedro Juan Caballero.

ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS

The Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul approved of this research. All participants were provided with project information and signed an informed consent form.

FINDINGS

Through content analysis of the interviews, "right to health" and "autonomy, pathways, and access" were two recurrent themes that have arisen. These suggested that Braziguayan women live in conditions of social vulnerability. They do not fully experience the right to healthcare, despite sufficient knowledge about the Brazilian and Paraguayan healthcare systems from which to choose prenatal care. The interviewees acknowledged that Unified Health System use is a right of Brazilian citizens and considered its units to be safe environments. These women also understand the structuring of Unified Health System and the mechanisms of accessing healthcare programs.

CONCLUSION

We can conclude that, despite widely known difficulties, Unified Health System represents, for Braziguayan women, potential access to reliable health services for adequate prenatal and childbirth assistance.

Prenatal and puerperium nutritional care from an integrality perspective in a city of Baixada Santista, São Paulo, Brazil

Abstract Objectives: to perform a comparative assessment of the nutritional care process in the prenatal and puerperium periods at a primary care unit in the city of Santos, SP, Brazil before and after the implantation of the Prenatal and Puerperium Nutritional Care Strategy. Methods: a cross-sectional study was composed of 58 pairs of women and their children, of whom, 30 underwent prenatal care before and 28 of them after the implantation by collecting data from perinatal registrations and children's charts. The care was evaluated by the official National guidelines. The chi-square test was used to compare variables between the pre and post intervention groups. Results: there was a significant improvement after the nutritional intervention, regarding to height (p=0.001), registration on pre-pregnancy weight (p=0.032), follow up on Body Mass Index/gestational week (p=0.001), registration on newborn’s weight at discharge (p=0.011) and daily weight gain at the first pediatric consultation (p=0.019). Conclusions: the Prenatal and Puerperal Nutritional Care Strategy contributed to improve maternal-child nutritional care and the data registration on patients’ charts, demonstrating the necessity to establish processes/flows and an integral care for this population.

Acquisition and completion of pregnant woman's medical booklet in four populational-based surveys

Abstract Objectives: to measure the prevalence of acquiring and evaluating the level of completion of the pregnant women's medical booklet on the occasion of childbirth in Rio Grande, Brazil. Methods: this is a cross-sectional study including all puerperals residing in this municipality in 2007, 2010, 2013 and 2016. The mothers were interviewed at the only two local maternities up to 48 hours after childbirth. The data from the pregnant woman’s medical booklet were copied on a standard form. The chi-square test was used to compare proportions. Results: 10,242 pregnant women were included in this study. Of these, 54.8% (CI95%=53.8%-55.7%) had their pregnant woman's medical booklet with them at the time of admission. The completion pattern of the pregnant woman's medical booklet is divided into three groups, namely: with at least 95%: date of the last consultation visit, maternal height and blood pressure verification, uterine height, cardio-fetal heart rate and the Rh factor; 85% or more: date of the last menstruation, qualitative urine test, VDRL and HIV; and less than 30%: performance of clinical breast examination and cytopathology of the uterine cervix. In the private sector, the acquisition of the pregnant woman's medical booklet was 41% lower than at the public sector (62% vs. 44%). Conclusions: the use of the pregnant woman's medical booklet and its completion were lower than expected on several items. Local managers need to work together with the health professionals and these health professionals should work with the mothers to promote the full use of this essential document for the maternal and child's health.

Prenatal care assessment according to the Prenatal and Birth Humanization Program

Abstract Objectives: to analyze prenatal care process in primary health care units and compare the prenatal adequacy in the third trimester with maternal and perinatal outcomes. Methods: a cross-sectional study of 2,404 pregnant women assisted in 2011in twelve primary health care units in the South region of São Paulo city. The data was collected through medical records. The assessment was based on the indicators process of the Programa de Humanização do Pré-natal e Nascimento (PHPN) (Prenatal and Birth Humanization Program). The prenatal adequacy in the third trimester was analyzed according to three criteria (early-onset, minimum of six consultations and puerperal consultation); and the compared maternal and perinatal outcomes were: type of childbirth, gestational age, birth weight and breastfeeding. The analysis was descriptive for the PHPN indicators and comparative for the prenatal adequacy by the chi-square test. Results: early prenatal (82.9%), minimum of six consultations (73.0%) and puerperal consultation (77.9%). In the overall of the PHPN indicators, there was an expressive decrease in the medical records (10.2%). Prenatal care was adequate for 63.6% with a significant difference in relation to gestational age (p=0.037) and birth weight (p=0.001). Conclusions: There were deficiencies in prenatal care. The difference between the groups in the perinatal outcomes reinforcing the need for prenatal care according to national indicators.

Fatores assistenciais e gestacionais associados à anemia em nutrizes atendidas em um banco de leite humano

Resumo A anemia é um problema de saúde pública que acomete cerca de 30% das gestantes brasileiras, podendo acarretar efeitos deletérios à saúde e qualidade de vida do binômio mãe-filho. O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar os fatores assistenciais e gestacionais associados à anemia entre nutrizes atendidas em um banco de leite humano (BLH) de referência. Estudo transversal com dados secundários referentes a informações sociodemográficas e gestacionais de 12283 nutrizes no período de 2009 a 2012. Aplicaram-se os testes Kolmogorov-Smirnov e Qui-quadrado ou exato de Fisher. Estimaram-se as Razões de Prevalência (RP) e respectivos Intervalos de Confiança-IC95%, por meio da Regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. Identificou-se a prevalência de anemia em 29,2% da amostra, sendo maior entre as mães que não realizaram o pré-natal (RP = 3,84; IC95% 3,26-4,54); as que realizaram até 3 consultas pré-natais (RP = 1,92; IC95% 1,21-3,06) e aquelas que tiveram gestação múltipla (RP = 2,29; IC95% 1,25-4,19). Os resultados apontaram maior prevalência de anemia entre as mulheres que não realizaram o pré-natal apropriado e as que tiveram gestações múltiplas, destacando-se a importância da assistência à saúde como fator de prevenção à anemia e demais intercorrências gestacionais.

Avaliação do processo na assistência pré-natal de gestantes com risco habitual

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a qualidade do cuidado quanto ao processo no pré-natal de gestantes com risco habitual. Métodos Pesquisa avaliativa, realizada no período de maio de 2015 a janeiro de 2016, na Casa de Parto Natural (CPN) Lígia Barros Costa em Fortaleza, Ceará. A amostra totalizou 560 prontuários de gestantes que realizaram pré-natal na CPN. O instrumento de coleta dos dados contemplou aspectos sociodemográficos, clínicos e obstétricos, e indicadores de processo da assistência pré-natal. Os critérios adotados para avaliar o processo foram os indicadores de qualidade do pré-natal. Os dados foram armazenados e processados no programa estatístico Statistical Package for the Social Sciences versão 20.0. A análise utilizou a estatística descritiva. Resultados Quanto aos indicadores de qualidade do pré-natal, observou-se que 42,3% (n=237) atenderam ao número adequado de consultas, realizando sete ou mais consultas. Apenas 26,3% (n=147) iniciaram precocemente o pré-natal. Referente aos indicadores de qualidade dos procedimentos clínicos e obstétricos verificou-se que 55% (n=309) estava adequado. Quando analisados os indicadores de qualidade referentes aos exames laboratoriais, apenas 25,4% (n=142) estavam adequados. Conclusão Conclui-se que a qualidade do pré-natal é adequada na minoria da população estudada, devendo existir maior atenção de gestores e profissionais para o planejamento de ações em prol da melhoria dos indicadores relacionados aos números de consultas, início precoce do pré-natal, procedimentos clínicos e obstétricos e realização dos exames laboratoriais.

Atenção nutricional no pré-natal e no puerpério: percepção dos gestores da Atenção Básica à Saúde

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a percepção dos gestores quanto à atenção nutricional ao pré-natal e ao puerpério na rede básica de município da Baixada Santista, São Paulo, segundo estrutura e processo. Métodos: Realizou-se censo das 28 unidades básicas da área insular por meio de entrevistas com gestores. Avaliou-se a atenção nutricional segundo infraestrutura, processo de trabalho e vigilância alimentar e nutricional. Resultados: A inserção do nutricionista foi o principal componente insuficiente da dimensão estrutura, interferindo negativamente na atenção nutricional para 60% dos gestores. Encontrou-se baixa conformidade para as seguintes variáveis da dimensão processo: cálculo do índice de massa corporal (35%), acompanhamento do estado nutricional na curva índice de massa corporal/semana gestacional (46%) e realização de aconselhamento nutricional individualizado no pré-natal (14%). Conclusão: A atenção nutricional pré-natal e puerperal é insatisfatória para alcançar a integralidade do cuidado. Faz-se necessário sensibilizar gestores locais e capacitar equipes de saúde para assegurar a efetividade de tais ações em Santos.

Evaluation of prenatal care in unit with family health strategy

We analyzed prenatal care (PN) provided at a unit of the Family Health Strategy Service in São Paulo, according to the indicators of the Program for the Humanization of Prenatal and Birth (PHPB). We compared adequacy of PN in terms of sociodemographic variables, procedures, examinations and maternal and perinatal outcomes. Cross-sectional study with data from records of 308 pregnant women enrolled in 2011. We observed early initiation of PN (82.1%), conducting of a minimum of six consultations (84.1%), puerperal consultation (89.0%); to the extent that there is a sum of the actions, there is a significant drop in the proportion of adequacy. Prenatal care was adequate for 67.9%, with a significant difference between adequacy groups in relation to gestational age and birth weight. Prenatal care deficiencies exist, especially in regards to registration of procedures, exams and immunization. The difference between adequacy groups with respect to perinatal outcomes reinforces the importance of prenatal care that adheres to the parameters of the PHPB.