Classificação das mortes infantis em Belo Horizonte: utilização da lista atualizada de causas de mortes evitáveis por intervenções do Sistema Único de Saúde do Brasil

Mortalidade infantil e classificação de sua evitabilidade por cor ou raça em Mato Grosso do Sul

Resumo Estudo epidemiológico que objetivou analisar os óbitos infantis em menores de um ano e seus critérios de evitabilidade por cor ou raça, em Mato Grosso do Sul, de 2005 a 2013, a partir dos Sistemas de Informações sobre Mortalidade e sobre Nascidos Vivos. Elaborou-se o coeficiente de mortalidade infantil anual e a descrição dos óbitos por componentes e por grupo de causas evitáveis, mal definidas e não evitáveis para os três triênios. Observou-se declínio do coeficiente de mortalidade infantil para todas as categorias de cor ou raça, com predomínio para as crianças pardas e pretas. O componente Neonatal precoce apresentou maior percentual de óbitos para todas as categorias, com exceção da indígena que registrou predomínio no componente Pós-neonatal. Os óbitos ocorreram, majoritariamente, por causas evitáveis e não foram homogêneos entre as categorias de cor ou raça. Os óbitos por causas mal definidas predominaram entre as crianças indígenas e pardas. A investigação dos óbitos apontou diferenças nos componentes de mortalidade e nas causas evitáveis segundo recorte étnico racial, o que poderá contribuir para o direcionamento de políticas públicas que qualifiquem a rede assistencial materno-infantil, sobretudo para as minorias étnicas.

Preventable deaths in childhood, according to actions of the Unified Health System, Brazil

OBJECTIVE

To analyze the mortality trend of children under five years of age living in Brazil and regions, using the "Brazilian List of Preventable Causes of Death."

METHOD

Ecological time-series study of mortality rate due to preventable and non-preventable causes, with corrections for ill-defined causes and underreporting of deaths from 2000 to 2013.

RESULTS

In Brazil, preventable death rates (5.1% per year) had a higher decrease compared with non-preventable ones (2.5% per year). Preventable causes associated with proper care during pregnancy had the highest concentration of deaths in 2013 (12,267) and the second lowest average percentage reduction in the year (2.1%) and for the period (24.4%). The South and Southeast regions had the lowest mortality rates in childhood. However, the Northeast region had the highest decrease in reducible child mortality (6.1% per year) and the Midwest, the lowest (3.5% per year).

CONCLUSION

The decrease in childhood mortality rates was expected in the last decade, suggesting the progress in the response of health systems, in addition to improvements in health conditions and social determinants. Special attention should be given to pregnancy-related causes, i.e., expand the quality of prenatal care, in particular, due to fetal and newborn deaths resulted from maternal conditions, which increased significantly in the period (8,3% per year).

Trend in mortality from preventable causes in children: contributions to the evaluation of the performance of public health services in the Southeast Region of Brazil

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to analyze the trend in mortality of children under 5 years old living in the Southeast Region of Brazil and states using the "Brazilian List of Causes of Preventable Deaths".

METHOD

We conducted an ecological time-series study of mortality from preventable and non-preventable causes, with corrections for ill-defined causes and underreporting of deaths, from 2000 to 2013.

RESULTS

There was a decline in the rate of childhood mortality due to preventable (4.4% per year) and non-preventable (1.9% per year) causes in the Southeast Region and its states, except for those reducible by vaccine prevention, which remained stable in the period. The study called attention to the smaller decrease in causes of preventable deaths by providing adequate care to women during pregnancy (1.7%), with an increase in mortality rates due to basic causes of death due to maternal conditions affecting the fetus or newborn and stability in disorders related to short-term pregnancy and low birth weight, a fact that possibly occurred due to inadequate quality of prenatal care. Minas Gerais showed the greatest reduction in annual percentage of deaths from preventable causes (5.5%), compared to other FUs, but it led in mortality rates up to 2010, while Rio de Janeiro led between 2010 and 2013.

CONCLUSION

The decline in childhood mortality was expected in the last decade, due to progress in the response of health care systems, and to improvements in health and determinant social conditions as well. However, the rate is still high compared to other countries, showing that there is still much room for improvement.