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Tavares-Dias M, Oliveira MS. Lepeophtheirus (Copepoda: Caligidae) associated with fish: global infection patterns, parasite-host interactions and geographic range. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2022; 154:69-83. [PMID: 37318386 DOI: 10.3354/dao03731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lepeophtheirus Nordmann, 1832 is a genus of sea lice that have been reported to cause parasitic disease problems for fish farming and the fishery industry. This first global investigation on Lepeophtheirus species associated with fish and infestation patterns, parasite-host interactions and geographic ranges linked to these ectoparasites covered articles published from 1940 to 2022. The total of 481 samples of Lepeophtheirus spp. comprised 49 species of these ectoparasites and were found parasitizing 100 teleost fish species from 46 families and 15 orders. Globally, a total of 9 Lepeophtheirus species were found in farmed fish (1 species occurred only in farmed fish and 8 species in both farmed and wild fish) and 48 in wild fish. The highest numbers of occurrences of Lepeophtheirus were in Serranidae and Pleuronectidae. L. pectoralis and L. salmonis were the species with widest geographic distribution. Host specificity was an important factor in the geographic distribution of L. salmonis. Most of the parasite species showed specificity for host fish families, as well as specificity for geographic regions. Little is known about many Lepeophtheirus species compared to the economical important L. salmonis. This could be an obstacle to developing improved management control strategies for the parasite in the fish farming industry, in addition to the diminishing knowledge of parasite taxonomy in many regions.
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Cunha KDN, Domingues MV, Cunha LDDS, Nunes ZMP. Parasitic monogenoideans of Sciades herzbergii as bioindicators of environmental quality in amazonian estuarines ecosystems. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA = BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY : ORGAO OFICIAL DO COLEGIO BRASILEIRO DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2021; 30:e024220. [PMID: 33909839 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612021013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the use of gill parasitic monogenoideans from Sciades herzbergii (Siluriformes: Ariidae) as bioindicators of environmental quality in Amazonian estuarine ecosystems. Fish were caught in the tidal channels in an impacted area - IA, near the port of São Luís and a reference area - RA, in the Caeté estuary, Bragança. The influence of the capture site and seasonality on parasite abundance, environmental variables and biometric data of hosts were verified. A total of 416 S. herzbergii specimens were analyzed. The weight and total length of fish from the RA were greater than those of the IA. The relative condition factor was influenced by seasonality. A total of 4,265 monogenoidean specimens from the following species were identified: Chauhanellus boegeri, C. susamlimae, C. velum, Calceostomella herzbergii and Dactylogyridae gen. sp. The seasonal mean parasitic abundance of C. susamlimae was significantly different, with the highest values recorded during the dry season. The mean abundance of C. herzbergii was influenced by seasonality and by the capture site. During the rainy period, the parasite indices in the RA were higher than those of IA. C. herzbergii is a bioindicator sensitive to low water quality, especially in relation to water turbidity in Amazon estuaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelle de Nazaré Cunha
- Laboratório de Qualidade de Água, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Ambiental, Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Universidade Federal do Pará - UFPA, Bragança, PA, Brasil
| | - Marcus Vinicius Domingues
- Laboratório de Sistemática e Coevolução, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Ambiental, Faculdade de Ciências Naturais, Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Universidade Federal do Pará - UFPA, Bragança, PA, Brasil
| | - Lucas Daniel da Silva Cunha
- Laboratório de Qualidade de Água, Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Universidade Federal do Pará - UFPA, Bragança, PA, Brasil
| | - Zélia Maria Pimentel Nunes
- Laboratório de Qualidade de Água, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Ambiental, Faculdade de Engenharia de Pesca, Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Universidade Federal do Pará - UFPA, Bragança, PA, Brasil
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Alves AM, Souza GTR, Takemoto RM, Melo CM, Madi RR, Jeraldo VLS. Anisakidae Skrjabin & Karokhin, 1945 and Raphidascarididae Hartwich, 1954 nematodes in lutjanidae (pisces: perciformes) from the Brazilian Northeast Coast. BRAZ J BIOL 2020; 80:255-265. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.190350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The present study aimed at describing and evaluating the fauna of Anisakidae and Raphidacarididae nematodes of lutjanid fish (snappers) from the Brazilian northeastern coast unloaded at the city of Aracaju, capital of the State of Sergipe. A total of 186 lutjanids of 5 different species were analyzed including 69 Lutjanus analis, 51 L. vivanus , 29 Ocyurus chrysurus, 23 L. synagris, and 14 L. jocu. Nematode specimens found in the viscera of these fish were clarified with lactophenol. Illustrations of each of these specimens were prepared to help identify these samples and compose their taxonomic description and classification. At necropsy, 3,183 nematodes belonging to two families were collected from fish viscera which included the following: Anisakidae: Anisakis, Terranova , Contracaecum, and Goezia; Raphidascarididae: Raphidascaris (Ichthyascaris) and Hysterothylacium . A total of six genera of nematodes were found at postmortem examination of which adult worms of only three genera (Goezia, Raphidascaris and Hysterothylacium) were detected in the fish examined. Larvae of Terranova sp. were found only in the musculature of O. chrysurus . Most of the nematode larvae were present in the mesentery and organs of the fish necropsied. Therefore, the zoonotic potential of these nematodes cannot be ruled out. There was a significant negative correlation between the intensity of parasitism by anisakids and the total body length of O. chrysurus; the intensity of parasitism was greater in smaller and shortef fish. There was a significant positive correlation between the abundance of these parasites and the length of L. synagris; the presence of these parasites increased according to the fish’s body length. To the authors’ knowledge, these are the first records of Raphidascaris (Ichthyascaris ) sp. and Hysterothylacium sp. in L. vivanus , of Terranova sp. in O. chrysurus and L. jocu, and of Goezia sp. in L. analis. These novel findings add the Brazilian northeast coast and the State of Sergipe in the geographic distribution of these parasites in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - G. T. R. Souza
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo, Brasil
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Avigliano E, Maichak de Carvalho B, Invernizzi R, Olmedo M, Jasan R, Volpedo AV. Arsenic, selenium, and metals in a commercial and vulnerable fish from southwestern Atlantic estuaries: distribution in water and tissues and public health risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:7994-8006. [PMID: 30684175 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04258-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The anadromous catfish Genidens barbus is a vulnerable and economically important species from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Concentrations of As, Co, Fe, Se, and Zn were determined in water and muscle, gill, and liver of catfish from two southwestern Atlantic estuaries (Brazil and Argentina) and health risk via fish consumption was evaluated. High spatial variability was observed in the metals, As, and Se distribution for both estuaries. Considering all tissues, element concentrations (mg/kg, wet weight) were As = 0.41-23.50, Co = 0.01-2.9, Fe = 2.08-773, Se = 0.15-10.7, and Zn = 3.97-2808). Most of the trace elements tended to be higher in Brazil than in Argentina, except for Co, Fe, Se, and Zn in liver and Fe and Co in muscle and gill, respectively. Arsenic accumulation order was muscle > liver ≥ gill. Only As (muscle) was above the maximum recommended by international guidelines at both estuaries. The target hazard quotient ranged from 0.10 to 1.58, suggesting that people may experience significant health risks through catfish consumption. Supposing that the inorganic/toxic As ranged between 1 and 20% of the total, the recommended maximum intakes per capita bases were 6.1-95 and 8.4-138 kg/year (wet weight) for Brazil and Argentina, respectively. Carcinogenic risk for As intake was within the acceptable range but close to the recommended limit (> 10-4). These results highlights the importance of quantifying the As species in catfish muscle in order to generate more reliable risk estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Avigliano
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Av. Chorroarín 280, CP1427, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Barbara Maichak de Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Departamento de Zoologia - UFPR, Centro Politécnico, Bairro Jardim das Américas, Caixa Postal 19.020, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Invernizzi
- Laboratorio de Técnicas Analíticas Nucleares, Departamento Química Nuclear, Gerencia de Química Nuclear y Ciencias de la Salud - GAATEN, Centro Atómico Ezeiza, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Presbítero Juan González y Aragón 15, B1802AYA, Ezeiza, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Olmedo
- Laboratorio de Técnicas Analíticas Nucleares, Departamento Química Nuclear, Gerencia de Química Nuclear y Ciencias de la Salud - GAATEN, Centro Atómico Ezeiza, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Presbítero Juan González y Aragón 15, B1802AYA, Ezeiza, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Raquel Jasan
- Laboratorio de Técnicas Analíticas Nucleares, Departamento Química Nuclear, Gerencia de Química Nuclear y Ciencias de la Salud - GAATEN, Centro Atómico Ezeiza, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Presbítero Juan González y Aragón 15, B1802AYA, Ezeiza, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandra V Volpedo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Av. Chorroarín 280, CP1427, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Pinheiro RHDS, Furtado AP, Santos JND, Giese EG. Contracaecum larvae: morphological and morphometric retrospective analysis, biogeography and zoonotic risk in the amazon. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2019; 28:12-32. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612019002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract In Brazil there are several records of parasitic nematodes of fish with zoonotic potential, especially those belonging to the family Anisakidae. This study considers the morphology, morphometry and prevalence of Contracaecum in Astronotus ocellatus , fish consumed in the Amazon and sold as ornamental and it also performs a retrospective analysis of the diversity of fish with larvae of Contracaecum, in studies carried out in Brazil over a period of 90 years. 40 specimens of A. ocellatus were necropsied, and the nematodes were collected and fixed in 93 parts 70% ethyl alcohol, 5 parts formaldehyde, and 2 parts glacial acetic acid (AFA) for morphological analysis under light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Of the 40 fish collected during this work, 27 were parasitized by Contracaecum larvae with a total intensity of 150 larvae. Retrospective analysis of intermediate host diversity for Contracaecum larvae resulted in 16 orders, 49 families, 96 genera, 140 species and a hybrid morphotype. In the retrospective study, half of the fish were from freshwater, with the order Perciformes being the most representative, with 16 families, 30 genera and 37 species. In Brazil, the occurrence of larvae of Contracaecum in fish was reported in 15 of the 26 states, with Rio de Janeiro presenting the most information regarding fish harboring Contracaecum larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adriano Penha Furtado
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Brasil; Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Brasil
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Gallegos-Navarro Y, Violante-González J, Monks S, García-Ibáñez S, Rojas-Herrera AA, Pulido-Flores G, Rosas-Acevedo JL. Factors linked to temporal and spatial variation in the metazoan parasite communities of green jack Caranx caballus (Günther 1868) (Pisces: Carangidae) from the Pacific coast of Mexico. J NAT HIST 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2018.1546914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Violante-González
- Centro de Ciencias de Desarrollo Regional, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Acapulco, Mexico
- Facultad de Ecología Marina, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Acapulco, Mexico
| | - Scott Monks
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, Mexico
| | - Sergio García-Ibáñez
- Centro de Ciencias de Desarrollo Regional, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Acapulco, Mexico
- Facultad de Ecología Marina, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Acapulco, Mexico
| | - Agustín A. Rojas-Herrera
- Centro de Ciencias de Desarrollo Regional, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Acapulco, Mexico
- Facultad de Ecología Marina, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Acapulco, Mexico
| | - Griselda Pulido-Flores
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, Mexico
| | - José Luís Rosas-Acevedo
- Centro de Ciencias de Desarrollo Regional, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Acapulco, Mexico
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Violante-González J, Santos-Bustos NG, Monks S, Pulido-Flores G, García-Ibáñez S, Rojas-Herrera AA. Parasite community of the golden cownose ray Rhinoptera steindachneri Evermann and Jenkins 1891 (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatidae), in Acapulco Bay, Guerrero, Mexico. J NAT HIST 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2018.1452305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Scott Monks
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad utónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, Mexico
| | - Griselda Pulido-Flores
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad utónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, Mexico
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Alves PV, de Chambrier A, Scholz T, Luque JL. Annotated checklist of fish cestodes from South America. Zookeys 2017; 650:1-205. [PMID: 28331385 PMCID: PMC5345339 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.650.10982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
An exhaustive literature search supplemented by a critical examination of records made it possible to present an annotated checklist of tapeworms (Cestoda) that, as adults or larvae (metacestodes), parasitize freshwater, brackish water and marine fishes, i.e. cartilaginous and bony fishes, in South America. The current knowledge of their species diversity, host associations and geographical distribution is reviewed. Taxonomic problems are discussed based on a critical evaluation of the literature and information on DNA sequences of individual taxa is provided to facilitate future taxonomic and phylogenetic studies. As expected, the current knowledge is quite uneven regarding the number of taxa and host-associations reported from the principal river basins and marine ecoregions. These differences may not only reflect the actual cestode richness but may also be due to the research effort that has been devoted to unravelling the diversity of these endoparasitic helminths in individual countries. A total of 297 valid species, 61 taxa identified to the generic level, in addition to unidentified cestodes, were recorded from 401 species of fish hosts. Among the recognized cestode orders, 13 have been recorded in South America, with the Onchoproteocephalidea displaying the highest species richness, representing c. 50% of all species diversity. The majority of records include teleost fish hosts (79%) that harbour larval and adult stages of cestodes, whereas stingrays (Myliobatiformes) exhibit the highest proportion of records (39%) among the elasmobranch hosts. Fish cestodes are ubiquitous in South America, being mostly recorded from the Warm Temperate Southeastern Pacific (WTSP; 31%) for marine hosts and the Amazon River basin (45%) for freshwater ones. The following problems were detected during the compilation of literary data: (i) unreliability of many records; (ii) poor taxonomic resolution, i.e. identification made only to the genus or even family level; (iii) doubtful host identification; and (iv) the absence of voucher specimens that would enable us to verify identification. It is thus strongly recommended to always deposit representative specimens in any type of studies, including faunal surveys and ecological studies. An analysis of the proportion of three basic types of studies, i.e. surveys, taxonomic and ecological papers, has shown a considerable increase of ecological studies over the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe V. Alves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 7, 23851-970, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alain de Chambrier
- Natural History Museum of Geneva, CP 6434, CH - 1211 Geneva 6, Switzerland
| | - Tomáš Scholz
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - José L. Luque
- Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, CP 74.540, BR 465, Km 7, 23851-970, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Carvallho RPS, Takemoto RM, Melo CM, Jeraldo VLS, Madi RR. Structure of the parasite infracommunity of Sciades proops from the Japaratuba River Estuary, Sergipe, Brazil. BRAZ J BIOL 2015; 75:906-13. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.02514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The catfish species Sciades proops inhabits muddy estuaries and shallow brackish lagoons, as well as freshwater. For these reasons, it is believed that this species may act as an intermediate, definitive and paratenic host in the life cycle of many parasites. From November 2010 to November 2011 and from August 2012 to July 2013, a total of 126 specimens of Sciades proops from the estuarine region of the Japaratuba River in the state of Sergipe, Brazil, were examined for parasites, of which 84.13% were infected by at least one species: Ergasilus sp. (Copepoda) (Prevalence P = 77.78%, Mean of Intensity MI = 10.08 ± 15.48, Mean Abundance MA = 14.27 ± 7.48) in the gills, Contracaecum sp. (P = 23.02%, MI = 20.59 ± 80.58, MA =39.12 ± 4.47) in the general cavity, Procamallanus sp. (P = 0.79%, MI = 1, MA = 0.01 ± 0.09), Raphidascaroides sp. (P = 2.31%, MI = 1.33 ± 0.58, MA = 0.33 ± 0.22) and Cuccullanus sp. (Nematoda) (P = 0.79%, MI = 1, MA = 0.01 ± 0.09) in the intestine, Ancyrocephalinae (Monogenea) (P = 0.79%, MI = 1, MA = 0.01 ± 0.09) in the gills, Pseudoacanthostomumpanamense (P = 1.59%, MI = 9.00 ± 8.49, MA = 0.14 ± 1.36) in the intestine, Clinostomum sp. (P = 1.59%, MI = 17.50 ± 23.33, MA = 0.29 ± 3.03) on the body surface and two unidentified metacercariae, referred to as Metacercaria 1 (P = 0.79%; IM = 1, MA = 0.01 ± 0.09) and Metacercaria 2 (Digenea) (P = 0.79%, MI = 7, MA = 0.06 ± 0.62) in the swim bladder. Ergasilus sp. was the dominant species and thus classified as core, with Contracaecum sp. as the satellite and other species as secondary species. The spatial distribution of infection with Ergasilus sp. and Contracaecum sp. showed a typical pattern of aggregate distribution. The sex of the host did not influence parasitic infections, but infection with Ergasilus sp. showed a positive and significant correlation with biometric and epidemiologic parameters, whereas infection with Contracaecum sp. was correlated only with prevalence and abundance.
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Tombi J, Bilong Bilong CF, Morand S. Gill ectoparasites of Barbus martorelli (Teleostean: Cyprinidae) from a tropical watercourse (Cameroon, Africa): conflict or coexistence? Parasite 2011; 18:71-8. [PMID: 21395208 PMCID: PMC3671402 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2011181071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure and stability of parasite communities have been mainly explained by high diversity and strong interactions among parasite species. During 16 months, 558 Barbus martorelli gill infracommunities were studied in a tropical zone to determine whether parasite infrapopulations interact. Three levels were retained: the infracommunity level, the gill filament level, and the filament fraction level. Single species infections in Barbus martorelli were very rare and only concerned the core species: Dactylogyrus bopeleti, D. insolitus, D. simplex and Myxobolus barbi. Mixed infections appeared as a general rule in this fish species. Interspecific interactions at all three levels were statistically non significant. Our results suggest that Barbus martorelli gill parasites are non interactive (isolationist).
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tombi
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Tavares LER, Luque JL. Similarity between metazoan parasite communities of two sympatric brackish fish species from Brazil. J Parasitol 2008; 94:985-9. [PMID: 18576803 DOI: 10.1645/ge-1460.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2007] [Accepted: 12/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Between March 2000 and February 2003, 63 specimens of Genidens barbus and 69 specimens of Aspistor luniscutis (Siluriformes: Ariidae), sympatric species from the coastal zone of Angra dos Reis (23 degrees 01'S, 44 degrees 19'W), RJ, Brazil, were necropsied to study their metazoan parasite communities. Parasite community descriptors were calculated and possible similarities statistically tested. Twenty-two species of metazoan parasites were identified, 15 species from G. barbus and 16 associated with A. luniscutis. Nine species were common to both host species; 4 of them exhibited significant differences in terms of abundance and prevalence. Mean total abundance, species richness, diversity, evenness, and Berger-Parker dominance values were not significantly different in the 2 species of fish. Similarity within parasite infracommunities showed highest homogeneity in A. luniscutis. The parasite infracommunities of A. luniscutis and G. barbus were characterized by ectoparasite dominance and scarcity of species with high prevalence. Nevertheless, low values of similarity were observed between infracommunities, and evidence for 2 distinct infracommunities groups was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz E R Tavares
- Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP, Brazil
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Tavares LER, Luque JL, Bicudo AJA. Community ecology of metazoan parasites of the anchovy Anchoa tricolor (Osteichthyes: Engraulidae) from the coastal zone of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. BRAZ J BIOL 2005; 65:533-40. [PMID: 16341432 DOI: 10.1590/s1519-69842005000300019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Between October 2001 and March 2002, 103 specimens of A. tricolor from Angra dos Reis (23°01'S, 44°19'W), in the coastal zone of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were analyzed in order to study their metazoan parasite infracommunities. Ten species of metazoan parasites were collected: 4 digeneans, 1 cestode, 1 acantocephalan, 2 nematodes, 1 copepod, and 1 hirudinean; 77.7% of the fishes were parasitized by one or more metazoan, with a mean of 3.5 ± 6.2 parasite/fish. Digenean was the most dominant with 4 species that accounted for 53.2% of the total parasites collected; Ergasilus sp. was the most abundant species. Abundance and prevalence of Parahemiurus merus (Linton, 1910) were positively correlated with the total length of host. Relationships between total body length of fish and both total parasite abundance and mean parasite species richness were observed. Mean parasite diversity of species was correlated to host's total length, with significant differences found between male and female fishes. Two pairs of larval species showed significant positive association and covariation. The metazoan parasite infracommunities of A. tricolor presented dominance of larval endoparasites; correlation of parasite abundance, diversity, and species richness with host total length; and low number of parasite interspecific relationships. The parasite community of A. tricolor showed some similarities with the parasite community of another South American Atlantic engraulid.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E R Tavares
- Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
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Luque JL, Mouillot D, Poulin R. Parasite biodiversity and its determinants in coastal marine teleost fishes of Brazil. Parasitology 2004; 128:671-82. [PMID: 15206470 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182004005050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies of the forces behind the diversification of parasite assemblages have shed light on many aspects of parasite biodiversity. By using only parasite species richness as their measure of diversity, however, previous investigations have ignored the relatedness among parasite species and the taxonomic structure of the assemblages, which contain much information about their evolutionary origins. Here, we performed a comparative analysis across 50 species of fish from the coast of Brazil; we evaluated the effects of several host traits (body size, social behaviour, feeding habits, preference for benthicvs. pelagic habitats, depth range, and ability to enter brackish waters) on the diversity of their assemblages of metazoan parasites. As measures of diversity, we used parasite species richness, as well as the average taxonomic distinctness of the assemblage and its variance; the latter measures are based on the average taxonomic distance between any two parasite species in an assemblage. Unlike parasite species richness, taxonomic distinctness was unaffected by the number of host individuals examined per species. Fish body length proved to be the main predictor of parasite species richness, even when controlling for the confounding influences of host phylogeny and sampling effort, although it did not correlate with measures of parasite taxonomic distinctness. Predatory fish also had higher parasite species richness than planktivores, but this trend could not be confirmed using phylogenetically independent contrasts between host taxa. The main host feature associated with the taxonomic diversity of parasites was schooling behaviour, with schooling fish having more taxonomically diverse parasite assemblages than those of their non-schooling relatives. When focusing on endoparasite species only, both predatory feeding habits and a broad depth range were associated with the taxonomic distinctness of parasites. Our results suggest that certain host traits (i.e. body size) determine how many parasite species a host can accumulate over evolutionary time, whereas different host features influence the processes causing the taxonomic diversification of parasite assemblages.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Luque
- Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Caixa Postal 74.508, CEP 23851-970, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
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