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Ben Mocha Y, Scemama de Gialluly S, Griesser M, Markman S. What is cooperative breeding in mammals and birds? Removing definitional barriers for comparative research. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:1845-1861. [PMID: 37332253 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Cooperative breeding (i.e. when alloparents care for the offspring of other group members) has been studied for nearly a century. Yet, inconsistent definitions of this breeding system still hamper comparative research. Here, we identify two major inconsistencies, discuss their consequences and propose a way forward. First, some researchers restrict the term 'cooperative breeding' to species with non-breeding alloparents. We show that such restrictive definitions lack distinct quantitative criteria to define non-breeding alloparents. This ambiguity, we argue, reflects the reproductive-sharing continuum among cooperatively breeding species. We therefore suggest that cooperative breeding should not be restricted to the few species with extreme reproductive skew and should be defined independent of the reproductive status of alloparents. Second, definitions rarely specify the type, extent and prevalence of alloparental care required to classify species as cooperative breeders. We thus analysed published data to propose qualitative and quantitative criteria for alloparental care. We conclude by proposing the following operational definition: cooperative breeding is a reproductive system where >5% of broods/litters in at least one population receive species-typical parental care and conspecifics provide proactive alloparental care that fulfils >5% of at least one type of the offspring's needs. This operational definition is designed to increase comparability across species and disciplines while allowing to study the intriguing phenomenon of cooperative breeding as a behaviour with multiple dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitzchak Ben Mocha
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Haifa at Oranim, Tivon, 36006, Israel
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, Konstanz, 78457, Germany
- Center for the Advanced Study of Collective Behavior, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, Konstanz, 78457, Germany
| | | | - Michael Griesser
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, Konstanz, 78457, Germany
- Center for the Advanced Study of Collective Behavior, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, Konstanz, 78457, Germany
- Department of Collective Behaviour, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behaviour, Universitätsstrasse 10, Konstanz, 78457, Germany
| | - Shai Markman
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Haifa at Oranim, Tivon, 36006, Israel
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Sacramento TS, Bicca-Marques JC. Scrounging marmosets eat more when the finder's share is low without changing their searching effort. Anim Behav 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Souza-Alves JP, Chagas Alves RR, Hilário RR, Barnett AA, Bezerra BM. Species-specific resource availability as potential correlates of foraging strategy in Atlantic Forest edge-living common marmosets. ETHOL ECOL EVOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/03949370.2021.1949751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- João P. Souza-Alves
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Biology, Department of Zoology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ecologia, Comportamento e Conservação (LECC), Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Renata R.D. Chagas Alves
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Science (Zoology), Department of Systematics and Ecology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Renato R. Hilário
- Department of Environment and Development, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
| | - Adrian A. Barnett
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Biology, Department of Zoology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ecologia, Comportamento e Conservação (LECC), Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Bruna M. Bezerra
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Biology, Department of Zoology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ecologia, Comportamento e Conservação (LECC), Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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Hannibal W, Renon P, Figueiredo VV, Oliveira RF, Moreno AE, Martinez RA. Trends and biases in scientific literature about marmosets, genus Callithrix (Primates, Callitrichidae): biodiversity and conservation perspectives. NEOTROPICAL BIOLOGY AND CONSERVATION 2019. [DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.14.e49077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Marmosets of the genus Callithrix are small-bodied platyrrhines, endemic to Brazil. In the last 30 years, there has been a constant interest in studying their biology, ecology and conservation. In this study, we compiled a systematic review to evaluate the trends and advances of marmoset research, from biodiversity and conservation perspectives. We searched for articles published in peer-reviewed journals within the main academic search engines, using the keywords “marmoset” OR “sagui” OR “Callithrix”. We found 68 published articles with a focus on biodiversity and conservation. The number of articles has increased over the years, most of them consisting of research from the Atlantic Forest biome. Callithrix penicillata (26 articles) and C. jacchus (21) were the most studied species. The number of studies was associated with the species’ geographical distribution. From a conservation perspective, the most threatened species showed the narrowest geographical distribution, a lower number of studies and, on average, a smaller protected area size. We concluded that trends and biases in biodiversity and conservation scientific literature of Callithrix are directly and indirectly associated with its geographical distribution. Species with wide geographical distribution are more studied, better known and protected. We highlight that the major effort of studies must be towards marmoset populations from the transition region of the Atlantic Forest-Cerrado and Caatinga biomes, and on threatened species within narrow geographical ranges.
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Electrocutions in free-living black-tufted marmosets (Callithrix penicillata) in anthropogenic environments in the Federal District and surrounding areas, Brazil. Primates 2019; 61:321-329. [PMID: 31564005 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-019-00760-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Shrinking natural habitats exposes some non-human primates to the risk of accidents associated with electrical transmission lines. We examined dead marmosets (Callithrix penicillata) collected in the region from January 2015 to April 2018 to determine the animals' cause of death and for electrocuted animals we examined the locations the animals had died as well as the configuration of the power lines at these sites. We also recorded the sex of the animal, the body region affected, and characteristics of the injuries. We diagnosed electrocutions in 11% (n = 34) of the marmosets studied. Most of the affected animals were male (n = 22) with single or double sites of injury on the limbs. Animals were injured in urban (n = 26) and peri-urban (n = 8) areas on lower-voltage alternate current lines, and we detected no seasonality or hotspots of electrocution. Our findings suggest that movement along transmission lines composed of bundled conductors is a major factor in electrocutions of marmosets in the Federal District and surrounding areas. The planning of electrical power grid infrastructure should consider arboreal primates to prevent electrocutions.
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Habitat selection by the black-tufted marmoset Callithrix penicillata in human-disturbed landscapes. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1017/s026646741800007x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:There are several primate species with high risk of extinction in small forest fragments disturbed by human activities. However, some species exhibit high ecological plasticity, which allows them to persist in human-modified landscapes. The main goal of this study is to examine the relative roles of vegetation (mean distance among trees and mean canopy cover), human disturbance (distance to the road, distance to the fragment edge and edge type), and habitat spatial configuration (spatial autocorrelation index, category of quadrat – position within the fragment/fragment type) on the habitat selection of the black-tufted marmoset Callithrix penicillata in forest patches. We selected forest patches near and away from roads/urban areas, in southern Minas Gerais state, south-eastern Brazil. We used generalized linear mixed models to explain the presence of black-tufted marmoset in those patches. Our results show that black-tufted marmoset tend to occupy forest fragments closer to roads/urban areas, and consequently are under the influence of anthropic disturbance. In addition to the area delimited by these fragments, there is a preference for edge environments, where disturbances are exacerbated and the ecological conditions are suitable for exploitation by the black-tufted marmoset (supply of gum trees and reduced risk of competition). We suggest that a cross-habitat spillover by marmoset occur from forests to small habitat patches close to human-modified areas, such as those in proximity to roads and urban zones.
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Ferreira AS, Le Pendu Y, Martinez RA. The use of a mixed rubber landscape by tufted-ear marmosets. Primates 2017; 59:293-300. [PMID: 29264765 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-017-0645-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
With the loss and fragmentation of tropical forests, the survival of primates depends on their ability to adapt to human-introduced modifications in their habitat. Marmosets are known for their ecological and behavioral plasticity and have been registered in various agricultural landscapes. Our goal was to describe the ecology of tufted-ear marmosets (Callithrix sp.) in a rubber/forest landscape, monitoring their use of habitat and diet. We followed two groups using radio telemetry and visual observations for nine months at the Michelin plantation Ltd. in Bahia, Brazil. Both groups used mainly pioneer forest and rubber with pioneer vegetation more than expected according to availability, even though they explored all types of vegetation. Rubber monocultures act as corridors for marmoset locomotion among more suitable habitats. Feeding, gummivory and socialization were mainly performed in the pioneer forest (with or without rubber), in which most sleeping sites and food sources were found. Groups of marmosets can incorporate agroforest matrixes to their area of use and activity patterns. Maintenance of marmosets in fragmented landscapes might be favored by their diet flexibility, with the use of resources such as gum and fruit, including exotic plants. Although known for their ecological flexibility, marmosets do require certain resources to be present in native habitat to adapt to agricultural landscapes. Patches of forest within a rubber landscape and pioneer vegetation in the rubber inter-rows should be considered to maintain populations of Callithrix in rubber landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aluane S Ferreira
- Applied Ecology and Conservation Lab, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Rod. Jorge Amado km 16, Salobrinho, Ilhéus, Bahia, 45562-900, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, UESC, Rod. Jorge Amado km 16, Salobrinho, Ilhéus, Bahia, 45562-900, Brazil
| | - Yvonnick Le Pendu
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, UESC, Rod. Jorge Amado km 16, Salobrinho, Ilhéus, Bahia, 45562-900, Brazil
| | - Romari A Martinez
- Departamento de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, UESC, Rod. Jorge Amado km 16, Salobrinho, Ilhéus, Bahia, 45562-900, Brazil.
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Paim FP, Chapman CA, de Queiroz HL, Paglia AP. Does Resource Availability Affect the Diet and Behavior of the Vulnerable Squirrel Monkey, Saimiri vanzolinii? INT J PRIMATOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-017-9968-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Spatial Distribution and Exploitation of Trees Gouged by Common Marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). INT J PRIMATOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-012-9647-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Forsythe EC, Ford SM. Craniofacial Adaptations to Tree-Gouging Among Marmosets. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2011; 294:2131-9. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.21500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Bezerra BM, Barnett AA, Souto A, Jones G. Ethogram and Natural History of Golden-backed Uakaris (Cacajao melanocephalus). INT J PRIMATOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-010-9435-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Analysis of callouts made in relation to wild urban marmosets (Callithrix penicillata) and their implications for urban species management. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-009-0362-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Ross CF, Washington RL, Eckhardt A, Reed DA, Vogel ER, Dominy NJ, Machanda ZP. Ecological consequences of scaling of chew cycle duration and daily feeding time in primates. J Hum Evol 2009; 56:570-85. [PMID: 19447470 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2009.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2008] [Revised: 02/16/2009] [Accepted: 02/22/2009] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Feeding systems and behaviors must evolve to satisfy the metabolic needs of organisms. This includes modifications to feeding systems as body size and metabolic needs change. Using our own data and data from the literature, we examine how size-related changes in metabolic needs are met by size-related changes in daily feeding time, chew cycle duration, volume of food processed per chew, and daily food volume intake in primates. Increases in chew cycle duration with body mass in haplorhine primates are described by a simple power function (cycle time alpha body mass(0.181)). Daily feeding time increases with body mass when analyzed using raw data from the "tips" of the primate phylogenetic tree, but not when using phylogenetically independent contrasts. Whether or not daily feeding time remains constant or increases with body mass, isometry of ingested bite size and the slow rate of increase in chew cycle time with body size combine to allow daily ingested food volume to scale faster than predicted by metabolic rate. This positive allometry of daily ingested food volume may compensate for negative allometry of nutrient concentration in primate foods. Food material properties such as toughness and hardness have little impact on scaling of chew cycle durations, sequence durations, or numbers of chews in a sequence. Size-related changes in food processing abilities appear to accommodate size-related changes in food material properties, and primates may alter ingested bite sizes in order to minimize the impacts of food material properties on temporal variables such as chew cycle duration and chew sequence duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callum F Ross
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, 1027 East 57th Street, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Silva IDO, Alvarenga ABB, Boere V. Occasional Field Observations of the Predation on Mice, Dove and Ants by Black-Tufted-Ear Marmosets (Callithrix penicillata). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1896/044.015.0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Sociality in Callithrix penicillata: II. Individual Strategies During Intergroup Encounters. INT J PRIMATOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-008-9265-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Raboy BE, Canale GR, Dietz JM. Ecology of Callithrix kuhlii and a Review of Eastern Brazilian Marmosets. INT J PRIMATOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-008-9249-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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