O uso da estreptoquinase no tratamento da oclusão arterial aguda pós-cateterização da artéria femoral em crianças com menos de 10 kg

Results of treatment of acute occlusions of limb arteries at a university hospital - retrospective study

Background

Acute arterial occlusions (AAO) in limbs have been increasing in parallel with population longevity.

Objective

To assess risk factors, limb salvage rates, and survival of patients with AAO treated at a University Hospital.

Methods

Retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients. Outcomes included: patency, symptoms, comorbidities, Rutherford category, arteries occluded, postoperative complications, and 30-day limb salvage and mortality rates.

Results

Medical records were evaluated from 105 patients, predominantly males (65.7%), with ages ranging from 46 to 91 years. Etiology: thrombotic (54.3%), embolic (35.2%), and undefined (10.5%). About 2/3 of the patients were assessed as Rutherford category II or III. Associated symptoms: pain (97.1%), coldness (89.5%), pallor (64.7%), sensory loss (44.7%), paralysis (30.5%), anesthesia (21.9%), edema (21.9%), and cyanosis (15.2%). Associated comorbidities: hypertension (65.0%), smoking (59.0%), arrhythmias (26.6%), dyslipidemia (24.0%), and diabetes (23.8%). The distal superficial femoral-popliteal segment was the most affected (80%). Thromboembolectomy with a Fogarty catheter was performed in 73.3% of cases (81.0% of embolic cases, 71.9% of thrombotic cases, and 54.5% of cases with undefined etiology) and was the only treatment used in 41 cases (39.05%), among which there were 11 reocclusion, 20 amputations, and 14 deaths. Arterial reocclusion was more frequent in thrombosis cases (12.9%, p = 0.054). Within 30 days of treatment, total mortality was 14.6%, and 19.8% of cases underwent major amputation, which was less frequent among Rutherford Class I patients (p = 0.0179).

Conclusion

Treatment of AAO was primarily performed by thromboembolectomy with a Fogarty catheter, either alone or in combination with other treatments, achieving amputation and complication rates compatible with the best results in the literature and were progressively lower in less advanced Rutherford categories.

Comparison of isolated venous approach with the standard approach in children undergoing patent ductus arteriosus device closure

BACKGROUND

Transcatheter device closure is a safe procedure recommended in children with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). While the standard procedure uses arterial and venous femoral access, it poses risk of vascular complications especially in young infants. Isolated venous approach has been tried in a few studies and was found to be non-inferior to the standard technique. In this prospective observational study, we have compared the two vascular approaches of PDA device closure in pediatric patients and have also studied the feasibility of this approach in young children with weight < 6 kg.

RESULTS

PDA device occlusion was performed with either one of the approaches-venous alone (group I) or standard approach (group II) in a total of 135 children enrolled prospectively. The baseline data, procedural outcomes, vascular complications, and radiation dose were compared between the two groups. Fifty-two and 83 children were included in group I and group II, respectively. A total of 22 children (16%) (13 in group I; 9 in group II) had weight < 6 kg. In group II, 6 children (7.2%) had vascular site complications treated with heparin infusion with two children requiring thrombolysis. Another child in group II developed intravascular hemolysis following residual shunt, requiring surgical device retrieval and closure. No significant differences were observed in mean fluoroscopic time (p = 0.472) and air kerma between the two groups (p = 0.989).

CONCLUSION

Transcatheter PDA device closure without arterial access is a feasible and safe option in children including young infants. This technique avoids the risk of vascular complications although requires careful case selection.

A qualidade dos ensaios clínicos randomizados publicados no Jornal Vascular Brasileiro

CONTEXTO: A qualidade dos ensaios clínicos randomizados (ECR) define-se como a probabilidade de um estudo planejado gerar resultados sem tendências e que se aproximem da realidade terapêutica. OBJETIVO: Determinar a qualidade dos artigos originais com ECR publicados no Jornal Vascular Brasileiro. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo transversal com base na busca eletrônica dos artigos originais publicados no Jornal Vascular Brasileiro, entre dezembro de 2004 e setembro de 2009, que tivessem características de ECR. Variável primária: qualidade dos ECR; variáveis secundárias: encaminhamento da pesquisa ao Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa (CEP), utilização do termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido (TCLE), descrição da fonte de fomento, cálculo do tamanho da amostra, teste estatístico utilizado, nível de significância adotado na pesquisa, utilização de estatística descritiva, descrição do intervalo de confiança (IC) e sigilo da alocação. Foram pesquisados dados complementares: número de autores, local de origem e tipo de estudo. Utilizou-se estatística descritiva, cálculo do tamanho da amostra e IC de 95%. RESULTADOS: Entre 114 artigos originais da amostra, 1 foi classificado como ECR, sendo de boa qualidade. Do total, 51 foram encaminhados ao CEP, 41 utilizaram TCLE, em 6 houve descrição do fomento e em 5 houve cálculo do tamanho da amostra. A amostra mostrou distribuição trimodal do número de autores por artigo (4, 5, 6), aparecendo em 20 artigos, cada um dos valores respectivos da moda. São Paulo contribuiu com 48 publicações. O teste do qui-quadrado foi o mais utilizado (38,7%). O nível de significância de 5% foi adotado em 54 artigos, em 90 utilizou-se estatística descritiva e em 18 descreveu-se uso do IC. CONCLUSÃO: Não foi possível determinar a qualidade dos ECR no Jornal Vascular Brasileiro, pois foi encontrado apenas um de boa qualidade