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Song JH, Chun KC, Han GH, Yang SW, Yoon SH, Yuk JS, Ahn J, Nam SH, Kim J, Kim M. Case Report: Upper limb superficial venous thrombosis associated with oral contraceptives mimicking soft tissue mass. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1263662. [PMID: 38028493 PMCID: PMC10679400 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1263662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Venous thrombosis associated with the use of oral contraceptives (OCs) occurs mostly in the deep veins of the lower extremity. A lesion of the upper extremity is rare, and the majority of thrombotic events that occur in the superficial vein of the upper extremity are caused by intravenous catheters. We present a rare case of superficial venous thrombus on the upper extremity in a woman with a history of long-term OC use. Case presentation A 35-year-old woman, with an 8-year history of OC use, presented with a 2-year history of painfully palpable masses on her left forearm. The lesion mimicking soft tissue mass was confirmed to be superficial venous thrombi through ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. Conservative treatment including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, vasoprotective agents, and aspirin was prescribed. Through consultation with the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, it was confirmed that the current OCs could be discontinued, and the pain was almost relieved after conservative treatment. Conclusions If thrombotic events occur in the superficial vein of the upper extremity without intravenous catheters, detailed medical history taking and the possibility of OCs should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hyeong Song
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sanggye Paik Hospital, School of Medicine, Inje University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Chul Chun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inje University College of Medicine, Ilsan-Paik Hospital, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwan Hee Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sanggye Paik Hospital, School of Medicine, Inje University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sanggye Paik Hospital, School of Medicine, Inje University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hee Yoon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sanggye Paik Hospital, School of Medicine, Inje University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Sung Yuk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sanggye Paik Hospital, School of Medicine, Inje University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeki Ahn
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sanggye Paik Hospital, School of Medicine, Inje University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Nam
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sanggye Paik Hospital, School of Medicine, Inje University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongwoo Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Sanggye Paik Hospital, School of Medicine, Inje University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myounghwan Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sanggye Paik Hospital, School of Medicine, Inje University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Cabré F, Camacho JA, Rodríguez-Garcés CA, Breier DV, Ballarin M. Review of Topical Sodium Heparin 1000 IU/g Gel in Symptomatic Uncomplicated Superficial Thrombophlebitis. Cureus 2023; 15:e47418. [PMID: 38022089 PMCID: PMC10658445 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparin, a mixture of sulfated polymorphic polysaccharides (glycosaminoglycan) chains of variable lengths and weights and a natural anticoagulant, is widely used in medical practice to prevent intravascular blood coagulation. Heparin has demonstrated antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory activity, and it is mostly administered systemically (intravenously or subcutaneously) for primary or secondary prevention of venous thromboembolism after surgical interventions, or immobilized patients, or on short-term antithrombotic therapy of patients with atrial fibrillation who must undergo treatment. However, since systemic administration of heparin could be, in certain cases, linked to an increased risk of bleeding, topical heparin is widely used for the prevention and treatment of local symptoms of peripheral vascular disorders, such as venous insufficiency, varicose veins, or superficial thrombophlebitis. This review summarizes the main safety and efficacy characteristics of the topical formulation of Heparin in Gel form (1000 International Units of Heparin/g Gel) currently in use, which has demonstrated an excellent efficacy and tolerability profile in reducing signs and symptoms of peripheral vascular disease, e.g., varicose syndromes and their complications, phlebothrombosis, thrombophlebitis, superficial periphlebitis, varicose ulcers, for post-operative varicophlebitis, sequelae of saphenectomy, for traumas and contusions, local edemas and infiltrates, subcutaneous hematoma and for traumatic affections of musculotendinous and capsuloligamentous apparatuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesc Cabré
- Medical Department, Menarini Group, Badalona, ESP
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, ESP
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de Almeida MJ, Guillaumon AT, Miquelin D, Joviliano EE, Hafner L, Sobreira ML, Geiger MA, Moura R, Raymundo S, Yoshida WB. Guidelines for superficial venous thrombosis. J Vasc Bras 2019; 18:e20180105. [PMID: 31807127 PMCID: PMC6880617 DOI: 10.1590/1677-5449.180105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Superficial venous thrombosis (SVT) or superficial thrombophlebitis is characterized by thrombi within superficial veins, with partial involvement or occlusion of the lumen and inflammatory reaction along the course of the vein. Clinical diagnosis tends to be straightforward, but supplementary tests and examinations are needed to confirm thrombosis extension and possible thromboembolic complications. SVT can be associated with deep venous thrombosis in 6 to 40% of cases, with asymptomatic pulmonary embolism (PE) in 20 to 33%, and with symptomatic PE in 2 to 13%. Despite the morbidity and complications, there are currently no Brazilian guidelines for SVT. These guidelines cover the most important issues related to SVT definition, terminology, and etiology, and set out recommendations for diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel Miquelin
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto – FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil.
| | - Edwaldo Edner Joviliano
- Universidade de São Paulo – USP, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto – FMRP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil.
| | - Ludvig Hafner
- Faculdade de Medicina de Marília – FAMEMA, Marília, SP, Brasil.
| | - Marcone Lima Sobreira
- Universidade Estadual Paulista – UNESP, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Botucatu, SP, Brasil.
| | | | - Regina Moura
- Universidade Estadual Paulista – UNESP, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Botucatu, SP, Brasil.
| | - Selma Raymundo
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto – FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil.
| | - Winston Bonnetti Yoshida
- Universidade Estadual Paulista – UNESP, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Botucatu, SP, Brasil.
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Bertanha M, Pimenta REF, Brandão GMS, Sobreira ML, Moura R, Jaldin RG, de Camargo PAB, Yoshida WB. Trombo flutuante em veia femoral. J Vasc Bras 2017; 16:314-319. [PMID: 29930666 PMCID: PMC5944309 DOI: 10.1590/1677-5449.005817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
O trombo venoso flutuante em veia femoral é um tipo de trombo com alto potencial de embolização pulmonar. Entretanto, ainda é controversa a conduta mais apropriada nesses casos. Tratamentos clínicos com anticoagulantes ou fibrinolíticos e trombectomias abertas ou por meio de dispositivos endovasculares vêm sendo empregados ainda sem um critério de indicação bem definido. Apresentamos três casos clínicos de trombos flutuantes em veia femoral, de etiologias distintas, cujos tratamentos e respectivas evoluções serão discutidos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Bertanha
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho – UNESP, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Departamento de Cirurgia e Ortopedia, Botucatu, SP, Brasil.
| | - Rafael Elias Farres Pimenta
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho – UNESP, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Departamento de Cirurgia e Ortopedia, Botucatu, SP, Brasil.
| | - Gustavo Muçouçah Sampaio Brandão
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho – UNESP, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Departamento de Cirurgia e Ortopedia, Botucatu, SP, Brasil.
| | - Marcone Lima Sobreira
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho – UNESP, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Departamento de Cirurgia e Ortopedia, Botucatu, SP, Brasil.
| | - Regina Moura
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho – UNESP, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Departamento de Cirurgia e Ortopedia, Botucatu, SP, Brasil.
| | - Rodrigo Gibin Jaldin
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho – UNESP, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Departamento de Cirurgia e Ortopedia, Botucatu, SP, Brasil.
| | - Paula Angeleli Bueno de Camargo
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho – UNESP, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Departamento de Cirurgia e Ortopedia, Botucatu, SP, Brasil.
| | - Winston Bonetti Yoshida
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho – UNESP, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Departamento de Cirurgia e Ortopedia, Botucatu, SP, Brasil.
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An Unexpectedly High Rate of Thrombophilia Disorders in Patients with Superficial Vein Thrombosis of the Lower Extremities. Ann Vasc Surg 2017; 43:272-277. [PMID: 28501666 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2017.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Superficial vein thrombosis (SVT) is a common venous condition. Recent studies have shown that SVT is associated with high frequency of thromboembolic complications: from 22-37% for deep venous thrombosis and up to 33% for pulmonary embolism. Our goal was to assess the prevalence of major hereditary and acquired thrombophilic factors in patients with SVT. METHODS Sixty-six patients presenting with primary SVT underwent evaluation for thrombophilia: molecular testing for the factor V Leiden and factor II G20210 A (prothrombin) mutations, protein C, protein S, antithrombin deficiency, presence of lupus anticoagulant, as well as anticardiolipin antibody titers. Patients aged less than 18 years, with confirmed deep vein thrombosis, and pregnant women were excluded. RESULTS 95.5% were Caucasian, and 62.1% were female gender. Age ranged from 21-88 years. Molecular testing showed that 34.2% of patients were heterozygous for factor V Leiden, 23.6% were heterozygous for the factor II mutation, 7.8% had antithrombin deficiency, 2.6% had protein S deficiency, and 2.1% had protein C deficiency. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that hereditary and acquired thrombophilias are higher than previously expected and reported.
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Batista J, Clementino E, Nascimento T, Lima G, Porto T, Porto A, Porto C. Produção e caracterização de protease fibrinolítica de Streptomyces parvulus DPUA 1573. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-8605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
RESUMO As proteases fibrinolíticas são capazes de degradar coágulos de fibrina formados dentro dos vasos sanguíneos, evitando a trombose intravascular. Em animais, a tromboflebite, que acomete frequentemente os equinos, ocasiona, em seus casos graves, a obstrução jugular e também um edema de laringe, derivando a obstrução das vias aéreas, o que possibilita um edema cerebral, ocorrendo o óbito do animal. Devido ao fato de o tratamento ser de custo elevado, faz-se necessária a investigação de outras fontesde proteases fibrinolíticas com custos menores e com menos efeitos colaterais. Diante disso, este estudo tem como objetivo produzir e caracterizar proteases fibrinolíticas obtidas de Streptomyces parvulus DPUA 1573. Para produção da enzima, foi utilizado um planejamento fatorial 24 avaliando a concentração da farinha de soja (0,5, 1,0 e 1,5%) e da glicose (0, 0,5 e 1,0g/L), temperatura (28, 32 e 37ºC) e agitação (150, 200 e 250rpm) sobre a biomassa e a atividade fibrinolítica. Pode-se verificar que a protease fibrinolítica apresentou atividade máxima (835U/mL) nas condições de concentração de 1,5% de soja, 1g/L de glicose, 28°C e 150rpm com 48 horas de fermentação. A protease fibrinolítica obtida teve temperatura e pH ótimos de 55°C e pH 9,0, respectivamente. A atividade enzimática foi inibida pelo EDTA, pelo íon Fe2+ e pelo SDS, o que indicou a enzima ser uma metaloprotease. A linhagem Streptomyces parvulus DPUA 1573 foi capaz de produzir protease fibrinolítica, possuindo características bioquímicas favoráveis à aplicação na medicina veterinária e possivelmente humana.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - A.L.F. Porto
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Brazil
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Sobreira ML. Complications and treatment of superficial thrombophlebitis. J Vasc Bras 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1677-5449.20151401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
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Forearm Swelling Due to Superficial Thrombophlebitis Following Intravenous Catheter Placement. J Med Ultrasound 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmu.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Silveira PRMD. O resgate da importância de um tema. J Vasc Bras 2008. [DOI: 10.1590/s1677-54492008000200001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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