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da Silva AA, Moro AB, Toregeani JF. Indications for carotid Doppler ultrasound in asymptomatic patients - are we ordering it correctly? J Vasc Bras 2023; 22:e20220084. [PMID: 37576728 PMCID: PMC10421587 DOI: 10.1590/1677-5449.202200841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Carotid arteries are frequently the site of pathologies, the most common being atherosclerosis, which may result in the formation of plaques, causing stenosis. Doppler ultrasound is currently the exam of choice for assessment of the carotid arteries in asymptomatic patients to screen for and diagnose vascular lesions. Current guidelines recommend screening patients who have risk factors for carotid stenosis and who are able and willing to undergo medical treatment and/or carotid intervention. Screening asymptomatic patients in the general adult population who have no significant risk factors is not recommended. Objectives To assess whether medical experts rely on the literature to request Doppler ultrasound for screening. Methods A retrospective selection of patients was performed based on requests for carotid ultrasound. The data collected were computed and analyzed using RStudio version 1.3.959. Results The request was evaluated as appropriate as long as the patients presented at least one risk factor for carotid plaques. Fifty-five out of 152 patients met criteria for carotid screening. The most frequent indication in the study population was vascular check-up. Arterial hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor. Vascular surgery specialists were more likely to order the exam correctly (odds ratio for correct indications: 3.52 [CI 1.14 - 10.87], with p=0.02). The rate of correct Doppler ultrasound requests was 36% (95%CI 29 to 42%). Conclusions An excess of requests for carotid ultrasound screening was found in this study. Vascular surgeons more often requested the test correctly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jeferson Freitas Toregeani
- Centro Universitário da Fundação Assis Gurgacz - FAG, Cascavel, PR, Brasil.
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná - UNIOESTE, Cascavel, PR, Brasil.
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Kpuduwei SK, Kiridi E, Ibegu O, Amasiatu V. Normative clinical reference for intima-media thickness of carotid arteries among Nigerian adults. JOURNAL OF WEST AFRICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS 2022; 12:1-4. [PMID: 36203921 PMCID: PMC9531731 DOI: 10.4103/jwas.jwas_88_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Fogaça J, Castiglioni M, Vettorato M, Silva J, Mazzante N, Filadelpho A, Puoli Filho J, Machado V. Comparação das artérias carótidas comuns de equinos e muares por ultrassonografia modo-B e Doppler espectral e a relação com a massa corpórea. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-10507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO A ultrassonografia convencional e o Doppler espectral nas artérias carótidas comuns em equinos e muares são considerados escassos, diferentemente do que ocorre na medicina humana. Este trabalho propôs comparar as artérias carótidas comuns de equinos e muares por ultrassonografia modo-B e Doppler espectral, além de verificar as diferenças dessas variáveis entre os gêneros desses animais e a relação com a massa corpórea. Foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: massa corpórea, diâmetros das artérias, espessura da camada íntima-média (EIM), índice de resistividade (IR), índice de pulsatilidade (IP), velocidade sistólica (VS), velocidade diastólica (VD) e velocidade média (VM). Salvo a massa corpórea, esses parâmetros foram obtidos de três regiões (cranial, médio e caudal) e submetidos à análise conjuntamente. Os diâmetros das artérias carótidas comuns são diferentes entre equinos e muares, com valores menores nos equinos. O IR, o IP, a VS e a VM diferiram entre equinos e muares, sendo maiores nos equinos, e a VD superior nos muares. Não foi observada diferença das variáveis do modo-B e Doppler entre gêneros nos equinos, diferentemente dos muares, cujos machos apresentaram valores maiores do diâmetro, do IR e do IP, mas menores da VS e da VM. A massa corpórea não influenciou as variáveis do modo-B, independentemente do gênero, mas apresenta correlação significativa nas variáveis do modo Doppler. As artérias carótidas comuns de equinos e muares são diferentes pelos exames ultrassonográficos modo-B e Doppler espectral. O gênero não influencia no modo-B e no Doppler nos equinos, porém influencia parcialmente nos muares. A massa corpórea de equinos e de muares, independentemente do gênero, não tem associação com as variáveis do modo-B, apenas com o Doppler.
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Kaul S, Alladi S, Mridula KR, Bandaru VCSS, Umamashesh M, Anjanikumar D, Lalitha P, Chandrasekhar R. Prevalence and risk factors of asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis in Indian population: An 8-year follow-up study. Neurol India 2019; 65:279-285. [PMID: 28290390 DOI: 10.4103/neuroindia.ni_523_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis (ACAS) is a marker for cerebrovascular disease, coronary atherosclerosis, and death. AIM To investigate the prevalence of ACAS in the Indian population, and to correlate ACAS with other vascular risk factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS We prospectively recruited 1500 individuals who were older than 40 years and asymptomatic for cerebrovascular disease between June 2003 and December 2014. Evaluation of vascular risk factors was done for all the participants. Color Doppler of bilateral carotid arteries was performed for all the participants. Carotid stenosis of 1-49% and ≥50% was considered to be mild and significant stenosis, respectively. RESULTS There were 1016 (67.7%) men, with a mean age of 58.1 ± 10.6 years (age range: 40-98 years). The prevalence of significant carotid stenosis was 5.2%. After adjustment using multiple regression analysis, age >70 years (OR: 2.0; 95% CI: 1.48-2.74), hypertension (OR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.11-2.96), diabetes (OR: 2.3; 95%CI: 1.45-3.89), smoking (OR: 3.6; 95% CI: 2.18-6.03), dyslipidemia (OR: 4.0; 95% CI: 2.52-6.63), history of migraine (OR: 3.6; 95% CI: 2.54-9.13), history of periodontitis (OR: 3.2; 95% CI: 1.90-5.68), and family history of stroke (OR: 7.1; 95% CI: 4.20-12.2) were significantly associated with >50% stenosis. Duration (>15 years) of hypertension (OR: 2.5; 95% CI: 1.33-6.43), diabetes (OR: 6.2; 95% CI: 3.41-11.3), and smoking (OR: 5.2; 95% CI: 2.20-12.1) markedly worsened the risk. During the 8-year follow up, 14 participants (1.4%) with mild stenosis and 3 participants (4.7%) with significant stenosis developed stroke. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that 5.2% of asymptomatic individuals > 40 years of age harbor significant extracranial carotid artery disease. Presence of multiple vascular risk factors markedly increases the risk of carotid stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhash Kaul
- Department of Neurology, Nizam's Institution of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Suvarna Alladi
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - K Rukmini Mridula
- Department of Neurology, Nizam's Institution of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | | | | | | - Palli Lalitha
- Department of Radiology, Yashoda Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - R Chandrasekhar
- Department of Radiology, Yashoda Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Asaleye AA, Braimoh KT, Oyinloye OI, Asaleye CM, Omisore AD. Variation of Carotid Intima Media Thickness With Body Mass Index in Healthy Adults of Black African Descent. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2019; 38:123-130. [PMID: 29761548 DOI: 10.1002/jum.14673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Studies have shown that common carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) measured by B-mode sonography increases with body mass index (BMI) among subjects with cardiovascular diseases in different populations. However, association of body fat and subclinical atherosclerosis in the absence of these cardiovascular diseases is understudied. We aimed to evaluate the correlation between BMI and CIMT in a healthy adult population of black African ancestry. METHODS This is a cross-sectional prospective study in 300 consecutive apparently healthy subjects aged 18 to 70 years without history of hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and renal disease. Subjects' common carotid artery intima media thickness was measured with a 7.5-MHz linear ultrasound transducer at a point 10 mm proximal to the carotid bulb. All subjects' biodata, medical history, anthropometric (weight and height from which BMI was calculated), laboratory (fasting lipid profile and blood glucose), and CIMT values were recorded on a pro forma. Data were analysed using SPSS version 21, and significant P was set at less than .05. RESULTS The right, left, and average CIMT of both sides in our study subjects are 0.52 ± 0.11 mm, 0.51 ± 0.11 mm and 0.52 ± 0.11 mm respectively, with no significant difference between the right and left sides (P > .05). The right, left, and average CIMT increased with increasing age and BMI category (all P < .01) but were not significantly different between men and women (all P > .05). Age (r = .824, .825, and .827; P < .01) and BMI (r = .503, .504, .507; P < .01) had strong positive correlations with right, left, and average CIMT. CONCLUSIONS Increasing age and BMI category, but not sex, significantly influenced CIMT values in our apparently healthy black African population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adesola Abiodun Asaleye
- Department of Radiology, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Kolawole Thomas Braimoh
- Department of Radiology, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | | | - Christianah Mopelola Asaleye
- Department of Radiology, Obafemi Awolowo University/Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Adeleye Dorcas Omisore
- Department of Radiology, Obafemi Awolowo University/Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
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Owolabi MO, Agunloye AM, Umeh EO, Akpa OM. Can common carotid intima media thickness serve as an indicator of both cardiovascular phenotype and risk among black Africans? Eur J Prev Cardiol 2014; 22:1442-51. [PMID: 25150098 DOI: 10.1177/2047487314547656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is not known whether common carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) can serve as a surrogate marker of cardiovascular risk among black Africans. Therefore, we examined whether CIMT differed significantly among individuals with distinct cardiovascular phenotype and correlated significantly with traditional cardiovascular risk factors in a black African population. METHODS CIMT was measured in 456 subjects with three distinct cardiovascular phenotypes - 175 consecutive Nigerian African stroke patients, 161 hypertensive patients without stroke and 120 normotensive non-smoking adults. For each pair of cardiovascular phenotypes, c-statistics were obtained for CIMT and traditional vascular risk factors (including age, gender, weight, waist circumference, smoking, alcohol, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, fasting plasma glucose, fasting total cholesterol). Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated to quantify bivariate relationships. FINDINGS Bilaterally, CIMT was significantly different among the three cardiovascular phenotypes (right: p < 0.001, F = 33.8; left: p < 0.001, F = 48.6). CIMT had a higher c-statistic for differentiating stroke versus normotension (c = 0.78 right; 0.82 left, p < 0.001) and hypertension versus normotension (c = 0.65 right; 0.71 left, p < 0.001) than several traditional vascular risk factors. Bilaterally, combining all subjects, CIMT was the only factor that correlated significantly (right: 0.12 ≤ r ≤ 0.41, 0.018 ≤ p < 0.0001; left: 0.18 ≤ r ≤ 0.41, 0.005 ≤ p < 0.0001) to all the traditional cardiovascular risk factors assessed. CONCLUSION Our findings support CIMT as a significant indicator of both cardiovascular risk and phenotype among adult black Africans. However, specific thresholds need to be defined based on prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M O Owolabi
- Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - A M Agunloye
- College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria Department of Radiology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - E O Umeh
- Department of Radiology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - O M Akpa
- College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
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Pontes SM, Barros FS, Roelke LH, Almeida MAT, Sandri JL, Jacques CDM, Nofal DP, Cunha SXS. Mapeamento ecográfico da bifurcação das artérias carótidas extracranianas para planejamento cirúrgico: diferenças baseadas no gênero do paciente. J Vasc Bras 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s1677-54492011000300007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXTO: A ecografia das artérias carótidas extracranianas já se estabeleceu como método diagnóstico de imagem pré-operatória, e para seguimento de pacientes. OBJETIVO: Avaliar diferenças do mapeamento ecográfico em função do gênero masculino ou feminino dos pacientes. MÉTODOS: Ultrassonografia de alta resolução foi realizada antes do tratamento cirúrgico de 500 bifurcações carotídeas em 192 mulheres e 308 homens. Análise de diferenças baseadas no gênero foi feita em imagens modo B e fluxo a cor, transversal e longitudinal, e medidas duplex doppler de velocidades. Porcentual de estenose expressa em redução de diâmetro, comprimento de placa, diâmetros das artérias carótida interna distal e comum, e distância da bifurcação ao lóbulo da orelha foram comparados. Média, desvio padrão, mínimo e máximo foram descritos. Comparações estatísticas foram baseadas em testes t de Student e do Χ2. RESULTADOS: Estenoses carotídeas mediram 70±11% (30-95%) em mulheres e 72±12% (40-98%) em homens (p=0,013). Prevalência de estenoses no intervalo 90-99% foi mais alta em homens, 14,3 vs 7,8% (p=0,029). As placas foram mais extensas nos homens, 2,3±0,8 vs 1,9±0,6 cm (p<0,001). O diâmetro médio foi maior nos homens, tanto da carótida interna distal, 4,9±0,9 vs 4,6±0,8 mm, como da carótida comum, 7,6±1,3 vs 7,1±1,4 mm (p=0.001). A distância da bifurcação ao lóbulo da orelha foi maior nos homens, 5,9±1,1 vs 5,3±0,9 cm (p<0,001). CONCLUSÕES: O mapeamento ecográfico demonstrou que as medidas analisadas foram maiores em pacientes do gênero masculino. O planejamento detalhado do tratamento da placa carotídea deve considerar diferenças individuais como as associadas ao gênero do paciente.
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Soares CM, Koch HA, Montenegro CAB, Rezende Filho JFD, Leite SP, Braga Neto AR, Novaes CEF. Dilatação fluxo-mediada da artéria braquial e complexo médio-intimal das artérias carótida e braquial: avaliação de indivíduos com e sem fatores de risco para aterosclerose. Radiol Bras 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-39842010000600011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJETIVO: Avaliar a função endotelial em pacientes com fatores de risco para aterosclerose pela dilatação fluxo-mediada da artéria braquial (DILA) e complexo médio-intimal (CMI) das artérias carótida e braquial. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, caso controle, no qual foi avaliada a função endotelial pelo DILA e CMI das artérias carótida e braquial e presença ou não de fatores de risco para aterosclerose, em 112 pacientes assim distribuídos: mulheres com fatores de risco (n = 49), mulheres grupo controle (n = 24), homens com fatores de risco (n = 21) e homens grupo controle (n = 18). RESULTADOS: O DILA esteve comprometido significativamente no grupo fator de risco, quando comparado ao controle, independente do sexo: em mulheres, 15,2 × 25,3 (p < 0,01); em homens, 11,8 × 16,8 (p < 0,02). Já o CMI, tanto na braquial quanto na carótida, não foi significativo, independente do sexo: braquial em mulheres, 0,3 × 0,3 (p < 0,06); braquial em homens, 0,36 × 0,23 (p < 0,07); carótida em mulheres, 0,6 × 0,4 (p < 0,07); carótida em homens, 0,85 × 0,38 (p < 0,08). Utilizou-se como índice de significância p < 0,05. CONCLUSÃO: O DILA foi eficiente para atestar comprometimento endotelial em população de risco para aterosclerose
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hilton Augusto Koch
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Santa Casa da Misericórdia do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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