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Demirci GK, Kaval ME, Kurt SM, Serefoglu B, Güneri P, Hülsmann M, Caliskan MK. Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometry Analysis and Radiopacity of Five Different Root Canal Sealers. Braz Dent J 2021; 32:1-11. [PMID: 34877971 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202104638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Root canal sealers should have optimum adhesion to the root dentin, low cytotoxicity, sufficient radiopacity and high dimensional stability, which depend mainly on their chemical composition. The aims of this study were to evaluate the chemical composition of Syntex (Cerkamed, Stalowa Wola, Poland), Adseal (Meta Biomed, Cheongju-si, Korea), Sealapex (SybronEndo, Scafati, Italy), MTA Fillapex (Angelus, Londrina, Brazil) and GuttaFlow Bioseal (Coltene/Whaledent, Altstätten, Switzerland) and to determine their radiopacity comparatively. Stainless steel molds with an inner diameter of 5 mm and a depth of 2 mm were constructed. Tested root-canal sealers were mixed and poured into the molds. Following setting, digital periapical radiographs of the specimens (n=12) were taken under standard exposure conditions and the mean gray-values of specimens were measured using a computer graphics program. Then the specimens were examined by scanning electron microscopy, and Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis was performed. The data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA followed by Holm-Sidak multi-comparison test (p = 0.05). Sealapex showed higher calcium peak than MTA Fillapex, GuttaFlow Bioseal, Adseal and Syntex sealers. MTA Fillapex contained a highest amount of tungstate. Sealapex presented the highest radiopacity value among the tested materials (p < 0.05), whereas MTA Fillapex was the least radiopaque material (p < 0.05). Each root canal sealer contains different compositions of radiopacifiers including bismuth oxide, calcium tungstate and zirconium oxide. The tested root canal sealers had radiopacity values above the ISO-specified limit. Sealapex was the most radiopaque root canal sealer followed by GuttaFlow Bioseal, Syntex, Adseal and MTA Fillapex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehmet Emin Kaval
- Department of Endodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Burcu Serefoglu
- Department of Endodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Pelin Güneri
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Michael Hülsmann
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Kataia E, Khallaf M, Omar N, Aly Y, ElShafei N. Assessment of physical properties of a ZnO/E sealer modified by adding moringa oleifera: An experimental in-vitro study. J Int Oral Health 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/jioh.jioh_347_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Cuppini M, Zatta KC, Mestieri LB, Grecca FS, Leitune VCB, Guterres SS, Collares FM. Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory drug-delivery systems at endodontic reparative material: Synthesis and characterization. Dent Mater 2019; 35:457-467. [PMID: 30642636 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to synthesize and characterize an experimental endodontic paste. METHODS An experimental endodontic paste (EX) was characterized by its particle size, zeta potential, drug content and morphology. The powder of EX is composed of amoxicillin microspheres, calcium tungstate and α-tricalcium phosphate, mixed with an indomethacin nanocapsules suspension. Ultracal® (Ultradent), an iodoform-based paste (GP) and the EX were evaluated by its physical properties (flow, film thickness and radiopacity). The cytocompatibility was performed by MTT and SRB-colorimetric assays; the cell-migration was tested with scratch assay and cell-ability to remineralization with ALP and Alizarin Red S, with fibroblastic cell line. The antibacterial activity was assessed by the formation of inhibition zones and against planktonic bacteria. RESULTS The EX and UL flow achieved ISO6876 standard, and GP was lower than 17mm. All pastes achieved the film thickness required. Radiopacity was equivalent to 1.81±0.25mmAl for EX, which did not differ from GP group 1.39±0.33mmAl (p>0.05). The UL presented 3.04±0.33mmAl. The values for SRB showed better citocompatibility in comparison with MTT for all materials. The ALP activity and formation of mineralized nodules demonstrated the remineralization potential for UL and EX. Cell migration showed continuous wound closure until complete cell healing, however, the EX accelerated the process (p<0.05). The EX showed the greatest inhibition zone (p<0.05) and was the only group with antibacterial activity against planktonic bacteria. SIGNIFICANCE The synthesized endodontic paste demonstrated reliable physical and biological properties and could be a promising material for periapical tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marla Cuppini
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Materials Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2492, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Kelly Cristine Zatta
- Cosmetology Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Letícia Boldrin Mestieri
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2492, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Soares Grecca
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2492, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Vicente Castelo Branco Leitune
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Materials Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2492, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Sílvia Stanisçuaski Guterres
- Cosmetology Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Mezzomo Collares
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Materials Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2492, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90035-003, Brazil.
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Petry BL, Bodanezi A, Baldasso FER, Delai D, Larentis NL, Fontanella VRC, Kopper PMP. Radiopacity Evaluation of Gutta-Percha Points in Thinner Samples than the ANSI/ADA Recommendation. Braz Dent J 2017; 28:592-596. [PMID: 29215684 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201701620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the radiopacity of different gutta-percha points (Endo Points®, Dentsply®, Tanari®, Meta®, Roeko® and Odous®) in samples of 1 mm thick as established by ANSI/ADA Specification #57 and ISO 6876/2001, in comparison with thinner samples. Twelve test specimens for each material, four for each thickness (0.3, 0.6, and 1 mm and diameter of 8 mm), were laminated and compressed between two polished glass plates until the desirable thickness. Digital radiographs were obtained along with a graduated aluminum stepwedge varying from 1 to 10 mm in thickness. The X-ray unit was set at 70 kVp, 10 mA and 0.4 s exposure time, at a focal distance of 36 cm. One calibrated observer quantified the average values of pixels with Adobe Photoshop® software. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey tests, at 5% significance level. At 0.6 and 1 mm thickness, all the tested materials showed radiopacity higher than 3 mm of aluminum (reference value). At 0.3 mm thickness, Odous and Tanari presented significantly less radiopacity than the reference, and the other materials showed similar radiopacity to the reference. The study concluded that the materials demonstrated different radiopacities and all had values above the minimum recommended by ANSI/ADA specification #57, being Odous and Tanari less radiopaque than the reference value in thinner samples (0.3mm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Lucian Petry
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental School, UFRGS - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Augusto Bodanezi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, UFSC - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Flávia Emi Razera Baldasso
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental School, UFRGS - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Débora Delai
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental School, UFRGS - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Vania Regina Camargo Fontanella
- Surgery and Orthopaedics Department, Dental School, UFRGS - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Maria Poli Kopper
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental School, UFRGS - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Incorporating Antimicrobial Nanomaterial and its Effect on the Antimicrobial Activity, Flow and Radiopacity of Endodontic Sealers. Eur Endod J 2017; 2:1-6. [PMID: 33403330 PMCID: PMC7757947 DOI: 10.14744/eej.2017.16029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This preliminary study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity, flow and radiopacity of endodontic sealers with nanostructured silver vanadate decorated with silver nanoparticles (AgVO3). Methods: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of AgVO3 was evaluated against Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. Specimens were prepared from the following endodontic sealers: AH Plus (DENTSPLY DeTrey GmbH, Konstanz, Germany), Sealapex (Sybron Endo, Orange, CA, USA), Sealer 26 (DENTSPLY, Petrópolis, Brazil) and Endofill (DENTSPLY, Petrópolis, Brazil), with concentrations of 0%, 2.5%, 5% and 10% of AgVO3. Agar diffusion was used to evaluate the materials after 48 hours and 7 days (n=6). Flow (n=6) and radiopacity (n=9) were evaluated. The data were analysed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey honestly significant difference (HSD) (α=0.05). Results: The MIC of AgVO3 was 500 μg/mL for E. faecalis and 31.25 μg/mL for P. aeruginosa and E. coli. The AgVO3 did not influence the antimicrobial activity of AH Plus against E. faecalis (P>0.05) but did promote this activity for Sealapex (P<0.01). Moreover, this activity increased for Endofill from 2.5% and for Sealer 26 from 5% (P<0.05). Against P. aeruginosa, only AH Plus and Endofill 10% inhibited zone formation (P<0.01). The antimicrobial activity of Endofill increased from 2.5% against E. coli (P<0.01). Sealapex 5% and 10% (P<0.01), Sealer 26 10% and AH Plus promoted antimicrobial activity against E. coli. An increase in the zone of inhibition occurred between 48 hours and 7 days in the Sealapex 10% and Endofill 5% groups against E. coli. The flow of AH Plus and Endofill decreased with the increase of AgVO3 (P<0.05), and the flow of Sealer 26 and Sealapex was not affected (P>0.05). The radiopacity of AH Plus increased with AgVO3 (P<0.05). Endofill 5% and 10% did not differ from the control Endofill (P>0.05). The incorporation of AgVO3 did not influence the radiopacity of Sealer 26 (P>0.05). The incorporation of 2.5% and 5% AgVO3 reduced the radiopacity of Sealapex (P<0.05). Conclusion: Adding AgVO3 may increase the antimicrobial effect of endodontic sealers without major changes in their physicochemical properties.
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Cañadas PS, Berástegui E, Gaton-Hernández P, Silva LAB, Leite GA, Silva RS. Physicochemical Properties and Interfacial Adaptation of Root Canal Sealers. Braz Dent J 2014; 25:435-41. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201300037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compared the physicochemical properties and interfacial adaptation to canal walls of Endo-CPM-Sealer, Sealapex and Activ GP with the well-established AH Plus sealer. The following analyses were performed: radiopacity, pH variation and solubility using samples of each material and scanning electron microscopy of root-filled bovine incisors to evaluate the interfacial adaptation. Data were analyzed by the parametric and no-parametric tests (α=0.05). All materials were in accordance with the ANSI/ADA requirements for radiopacity. Endo-CPM-Sealer presented the lowest radiopacity values and AH Plus was the most radiopaque sealer (p=0.0001). Except for ActiV GP, which was acidic, all other sealers had basic chemical nature and released hydroxyl ions. Regarding solubility, all materials met the ANSI/ADA recommendations, with no statistically significant difference between the sealers (p=0.0834). AH Plus presented the best adaptation to canal walls in the middle (p=0.0023) and apical (p=0.0012) thirds, while the sealers Activ GP and Endo-CPM-Sealer had poor adaptation to the canal walls. All sealers, except for ActiV GP, were alkaline and all of them fulfilled the ANSI/ADA requirements for radiopacity and solubility. Regarding the interfacial adaptation, AH Plus was superior to the others considering the adaptation to the bovine root canal walls.
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Kuga MC, Faria G, Só MV, Keine KC, Santos ADD, Duarte MAH, Kopper PMP. The impact of the addition of iodoform on the physicochemical properties of an epoxy-based endodontic sealer. J Appl Oral Sci 2014; 22:125-30. [PMID: 24676583 PMCID: PMC3956404 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720130052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Due to the low radiopacity of Sealer 26, iodoform is frequently empirically added to this sealer. Thus, the interference of this procedure with the physicochemical properties of Sealer 26 must be evaluated. OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the influence of the addition of iodoform on setting time, flow, solubility, pH, and calcium release of an epoxy-based sealer. MATERIAL AND METHODS The control group was pure Sealer 26, and the experimental groups were Sealer 26 added with 1.1 g, 0.55 g or 0.275 g of iodoform. Setting time evaluation was performed in accordance with the ASTM C266-03 speciflcation. The analysis of flow and solubility was in accordance with the ISO 6876-2001 speciflcation. For the evaluation of pH and calcium ion release, polyethylene tubes were filled with the materials and immersed in flasks with 10 ml of deionized water. After 24 h, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 45 days pH was measured. In 45 days, the calcium released was evaluated with an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. RESULTS The addition of iodoform increased setting time in comparison with pure sealer (P<0.05). As for flow, solubility, and calcium release, the mixtures presented results similar to pure sealer (p>0.05). In the 24 h period, the mixture with 1.1 g and 0.55 g of iodoform showed lower pH than pure sealer and than sealer added with 0.275 g of iodoform (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The iodoform added to Sealer 26 interferes with its setting time and solubility properties. Further studies are needed to address the clinical signiflcance of this interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Carlos Kuga
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School, Univ. Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Gisele Faria
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School, Univ. Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinicius Só
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Katia Cristina Keine
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School, Univ. Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Alailson Domingos dos Santos
- Department of Dental Materials, Dental School, Municipal Foundation of Education and Culture, Santa Fe do Sul, SP, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia Maria Poli Kopper
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Goracci C, Juloski J, Schiavetti R, Mainieri P, Giovannetti A, Vichi A, Ferrari M. The influence of cement filler load on the radiopacity of various fibre posts ex vivo. Int Endod J 2014; 48:60-7. [PMID: 24611944 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To verify whether the filler load of luting agents influences the radiopacity of intraradicularly placed posts. METHODOLOGY Digital radiographs of the following posts were taken: RelyX Fiber Post (3M ESPE), GC Fiber Post (GC Corporation), DT Light Post Illusion (RTD), DT Light SL Post (RTD), Endo-Composipost (RTD), FibreKleer Parallel Post (Jeneric Pentron Incorporated), FRC Postec (Ivoclar Vivadent), Parapost Taper Lux (Còltene/Whaledent AG), Radix Fiber Post (Dentsply Maillefer), EverStick Post (Stick Tech Ltd), Dentin Post X (Komet), Tech 21 X-op (Isasan), ENA Post (Micerium). Post radiopacity was measured in millimetres of aluminium (mmAl) with reference to an aluminium step wedge. Two extracted contralateral premolars were root filled. After post space preparation, taking the midpoint of the post hole as a reference, each tooth was cut longitudinally into two halves in a mesiodistal direction. On each half, the exposed root dentine was ground flat to the deepest point of the post space, and an even layer of cement was placed and light-cured. To obtain a clinically relevant layer of cement, the material thickness was reduced to 75 μm by grinding with wet abrasive paper. A cement formulation with 30 wt% of filler was tested in one premolar, whilst a formulation with 70 wt% of filler was utilized in the contralateral tooth. Posts were then placed between the two facing root halves of each premolar, and radiopacity was measured in mmAl. Data were analysed using t-test for paired samples (P < 0.05). RESULTS Radiopacity of posts ranged between 1.44 (ENA Post) and 5.78 mmAl (FibreKleer). In the presence of the more heavily filled cement, significantly higher values of post radiopacity were measured (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The radiopacity of the luting agent contributed to the overall post radiovisibility within the root. Even when the cement with lower filler content was used in combination with the least radiodense dowels, the post was detectable within the root.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Goracci
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Baldi JV, Bernardes RA, Duarte MAH, Ordinola-Zapata R, Cavenago BC, Moraes JCS, de Moraes IG. Variability of physicochemical properties of an epoxy resin sealer taken from different parts of the same tube. Int Endod J 2012; 45:915-20. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2012.02049.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Akcay I, Ilhan B, Dundar N. Comparison of conventional and digital radiography systems with regard to radiopacity of root canal filling materials. Int Endod J 2012; 45:730-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2012.02026.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Tomida M, Nakano K, Sato M, Matsuura S, Kawakami T. Histopathological examination of newly-developed adhesive silicone denture relining material. Eur J Med Res 2011; 16:328-30. [PMID: 21813374 PMCID: PMC3352005 DOI: 10.1186/2047-783x-16-7-328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the subcutaneous tissue reaction to a newly developed adhesive silicone denture relining material, SG, (Neo Dental Chemical Products Co., Ltd. Tokyo, Japan). We embedded the experimental material SG and another existing control material, Roeko Seal (RS), in the dorsal area of 22 male ddY mice. One week and 12 weeks after the embedding, the tissues surrounding the embedded materials were removed and a histopathological examination was performed. The results demonstrate that the basic histopathological aspects are the formation of granulation tissue and the change of the tissue to fibrous capsule over time. The results suggests that the newly-developed SG is safe as compared with the control RS, whose composition is similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihoko Tomida
- Department of Oral Physiology, Matsumoto Dental University School of Dentistry, 1780 Hirooka-Gobara, Shiojiri 399-0781 Japan.
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Guerreiro-Tanomaru JM, Duarte MAH, Gonçalves M, Tanomaru-Filho M. Radiopacity evaluation of root canal sealers containing calcium hydroxide and MTA. Braz Oral Res 2010; 23:119-23. [PMID: 19684944 DOI: 10.1590/s1806-83242009000200005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2008] [Accepted: 06/30/2008] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the radiopacity of root canal sealers containing calcium hydroxide and MTA (Acroseal, Sealer 26, Sealapex, Endo CPM Sealer, Epiphany and Intrafill). Five disc-shaped specimens (10 x 1 mm) were fabricated from each material, according to the ISO 6876/2001 standard. After setting of the materials, radiographs were taken using occlusal film and a graduated aluminum stepwedge varying from 2 to 16 mm in thickness. The dental X-ray unit (GE1000) was set at 50 kVp, 10 mA, 18 pulses/s and distance of 33.5 cm. The radiographs were digitized and the radiopacity compared to that of the aluminum stepwedge using VIXWIN-2000 software (Gendex). The data (mmAl) were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey's test at the 5% significance level. Epiphany and Intrafill presented the highest radiopacity values (8.3 mmAl and 7.5 mmAl respectively, p < 0.05) followed by Sealer 26 (6.3 mmAl), Sealapex (6.1 mmAl) and Endo CPM Sealer (6 mmAl). Acroseal was the least radiopaque material (4 mmAl, p < 0.05). In conclusion, the calcium hydroxide- and MTA-containing root canal sealers had different radiopacities. However, all materials presented radiopacity values above the minimum recommended by the ISO standard.
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Vivan RR, Ordinola-Zapata R, Bramante CM, Bernardineli N, Garcia RB, Hungaro Duarte MA, de Moraes IG. Evaluation of the radiopacity of some commercial and experimental root-end filling materials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 108:e35-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2009.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2009] [Accepted: 07/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Radiopacity of Portland Cement Associated With Different Radiopacifying Agents. J Endod 2009; 35:737-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2009.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2009] [Revised: 02/04/2009] [Accepted: 02/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Tanomaru-Filho M, da Silva GF, Duarte MAH, Gonçalves M, Tanomaru JMG. Radiopacity evaluation of root-end filling materials by digitization of images. J Appl Oral Sci 2009; 16:376-9. [PMID: 19082394 PMCID: PMC4327706 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572008000600004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the radiopacity of 5 root-end filling materials (white MTA-Angelus, grey MTA-Angelus, IRM, Super EBA and Sealer 26). Five specimens (10 mm diameter X 1 mm thickness) were made from each material and radiographed next to an aluminum stepwedge varying in thickness from 2 to 16 mm. Radiographs were digitized and the radiopacity of the materials was compared to that of the aluminum stepwedge using VIXWIN 2000 software in millimeters of aluminum (mm Al). Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey's test at 5% significance level. Radiopacity values varied from 3 mm Al to 5.9 mm Al. Sealer 26 and IRM presented the highest radiopacity values (p<0.05), while white/grey MTA and Super EBA presented the lowest radiopacity values (p<0.05). The tested root-end filling materials presented different radiopacities, white/grey MTA and Super EBA being the least radiopaque materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Tanomaru-Filho
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School of Araraquara, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Desai S, Chandler N. Calcium hydroxide-based root canal sealers: a review. J Endod 2009; 35:475-80. [PMID: 19345790 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2008.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2008] [Revised: 11/15/2008] [Accepted: 11/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this review was to consider laboratory experiments and clinical studies of calcium hydroxide-based root canal sealers. An extensive search of the endodontic literature was made to identify publications related to calcium hydroxide-based root canal sealers. The articles were assessed for the outcome of laboratory and clinical studies on their biological properties and physical characteristics. Comparative studies with other sealers were also considered. Several studies were evaluated covering different properties of calcium hydroxide-based sealers including physical properties, biocompatibility, leakage, adhesion, solubility, antibacterial properties, and periapical healing effect. Calcium hydroxide-based root canal sealers have a variety of physical and biological properties. Comparative studies reveal their mild cytotoxicity, but their antibacterial effects are variable. Further research is required to establish the tissue healing properties of calcium hydroxide in root canal sealers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalin Desai
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, University of Otago School of Dentistry, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Bueno CEDS, Zeferino EG, Manhães LRC, Rocha DGP, Cunha RS, De Martin AS. Study of the bismuth oxide concentration required to provide Portland cement with adequate radiopacity for endodontic use. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 107:e65-9. [PMID: 19101486 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2008.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2008] [Revised: 08/11/2008] [Accepted: 09/22/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the ideal concentration of bismuth oxide in white Portland cement to provide it with sufficient radiopacity for use as an endodontic material (ADA specification #57). STUDY DESIGN 2-mm thick standardized test specimens of white MTA and of white Portland cement, as controls, and of white Portland cement with the experimental addition of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% or 30% of bismuth oxide were radiographed and compared with various thicknesses of pure aluminum, using optic density to determine the observed grayscale levels of radiopacity in a scale ranging from 0 to 255. The data was submitted to ANOVA (p<0.05) and the Ryan-Einot-Gabriel-Welch and Quiot test (REGWQ) for multiple comparison of the means. RESULTS White Portland cement with 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% of bismuth oxide presented mean readings of 63.3, 95.7, 110.7, 142.7, 151.3, 161.0 and 180.0 respectively. MTA presented a mean reading of 157.3. The readings of MTA and white Portland cement with 15% bismuth oxide did not differ significantly from the reading observed for a thickness of 4 mm of aluminum (145.3), which is considered ideal for a test specimen by ADA specification #57 (2 mm above the thickness of the test specimen). CONCLUSION White MTA and white Portland cement with 15% bismuth oxide presented the radiopacity required for an endodontic cement.
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Baksi BG, Sen BH, Eyuboglu TF. Differences in Aluminum Equivalent Values of Endodontic Sealers: Conventional Versus Digital Radiography. J Endod 2008; 34:1101-4. [PMID: 18718374 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2008.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2008] [Revised: 06/03/2008] [Accepted: 06/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B Guniz Baksi
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Radiology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
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Tanomaru-Filho M, Jorge EG, Tanomaru JMG, Gonçalves M. Evaluation of the radiopacity of calcium hydroxide- and glass-ionomer-based root canal sealers. Int Endod J 2007; 41:50-3. [PMID: 17916070 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2007.01309.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the radiopacity of calcium hydroxide-based root canal sealers (Acroseal, Sealapex and Sealer 26), a glass-ionomer-based sealer (Activ GP Sealer) and a zinc oxide and eugenol-based sealer (Intrafill). METHODOLOGY Five disc-shaped specimens (10 x 1 mm) were fabricated from each material, according to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 6876/2001 standard. After setting of the materials, radiographs were taken using occlusal films and a graduated aluminum step-wedge varying from 2 to 16 mm in thickness. The dental X-ray unit (GE1000) was set at 50 Kvp, 10 mA, 18 pulses s(-1) and distance of 33.5 cm. The radiographs were digitized and the radiopacity compared with that of the aluminum step-wedge, using WIXWIN-2000 software (Gendex). Data (mm Al) were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey test. RESULTS Intrafill was the most radiopaque material (7.67 mm Al) followed by Sealer 26 (6.33 mm Al), Sealapex (6.05 mm Al) and Acroseal (4.03 mm Al). Activ GP was the least radiopaque material (1.95 mm Al, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The sealers evaluated in this study had different radiopacities. However, except for the glass-ionomer-based sealer, all materials had radiopacity values above the minimum recommended by the ISO standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tanomaru-Filho
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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Carvalho-Junior JR, Correr-Sobrinho L, Correr AB, Sinhoreti MAC, Consani S, Sousa-Neto MD. Radiopacity of root filling materials using digital radiography. Int Endod J 2007; 40:514-20. [PMID: 17511790 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2007.01246.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate radiopacity of root filling materials using digital radiography. METHODOLOGY The sealers tested were AH Plus, Endofill, EndoREZ and Epiphany. Gutta-percha (Dentsply Maillefer) and Resilon cones were also tested. Acrylic plates, containing six wells, measuring 1 mm in depth and 5 mm in diameter, were prepared for the test, and filled with the materials. The test samples were radiographed together with an aluminium stepwedge calibrated in millimetres, according to ANSI/ADA Specification 57. For the radiographic exposures, digital imaging plates and an X-ray machine at 70 kVp and 8 mA were used. The object-to-focus distance was 30 cm, and the exposure time, 0.2 s. After the laser optic reading process, the software determined the radiopacity of the standardized areas, using grey-scale values, calculating the average radiographic density for each material. RESULTS The decreasing values of radiopacity of the studied materials, expressed in millimetres of aluminium equivalent, were: Resilon (13.0), AH Plus(TM) (11.2), gutta-percha (9.8), Epiphany (8.0), Endofill (6.9) and EndoREZ (6.6). CONCLUSION All materials had radiopacity values above 3 mm of aluminium recommended by ANSI/ADA Specification 57.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Carvalho-Junior
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Discipline of Dental Materials, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
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Baksi Akdeniz BG, Eyüboglu TF, Sen BH, Erdilek N. The effect of three different sealers on the radiopacity of root fillings in simulated canals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 103:138-41. [PMID: 17178508 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2005.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2005] [Revised: 11/30/2005] [Accepted: 11/30/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 3 root canal sealers on radiopacity of root fillings in simulated canals by means of direct digital radiography. STUDY DESIGN Thirty simulated root canals in transparent acrylic blocks were prepared with a 4% tapered, size 25 instrument. A single 4% tapered, size 25 gutta-percha cone was inserted into each canal. Standardized images of the blocks with an aluminum step-wedge were obtained by using Digora storage phosphor plates. Then, 3 root canal sealers (Roeko, Diaket, Pulpdent) were mixed according to the manufacturers' instructions. The gutta-percha cones were completely coated with one of the sealers and placed in the identical canal to the full working length. The images of the blocks were reobtained after sealer application. The mean gray values (MGVs) of root fillings were measured with or without the sealer at 3 different levels (1 mm, 6 mm, and 11 mm from apex) by using the Image Tool program. Each MGV measurement was then converted to its aluminum equivalent by means of the step-wedge values. A paired t test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS RoekoSeal caused a significant decrease in the radiopacity of the root fillings at the 1-mm level (P < 0.01). Diaket and Pulp Canal Sealer (PCS) increased the radiopacity of the fillings at all levels significantly (P < 0.01) except 6- and 11-mm levels of the Diaket specimens (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The type and the thickness of root canal sealers can influence the radiopacity of the root fillings.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Güniz Baksi Akdeniz
- Department of Oral Diagnosis & Radiology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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