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Sinjab K, Sawant S, Ou A, Fenno JC, Wang HL, Kumar P. Impact of surface characteristics on the peri-implant microbiome in health and disease. J Periodontol 2024; 95:244-255. [PMID: 37665015 PMCID: PMC10909931 DOI: 10.1002/jper.23-0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because little is known about the impact of implant surface modifications on the peri-implant microbiome, we aimed to examine peri-implant communities in various surface types in order to better understand the impact of these surfaces on the development of peri-implantitis (PI). METHODS One hundred and six systemically healthy individuals with anodized (AN), hydroxyapatite-coated (HA), or sandblasted acid-etched (SLA) implants that were >6 months in function were recruited and categorized into health (H) or PI. Peri-implant biofilm was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and compared between health/disease and HA/SLA/AN using community-level and taxa-level metrics. RESULTS Healthy implants did not demonstrate significant differences in clustering, alpha- or beta-diversity based on surface modification. AN and HA surfaces displayed significant differences between health and PI (p < 0.05); however, such a clustering was not evident with SLA (p > 0.05). AN and HA surfaces also differed in the magnitude and diversity of differences between health and PI. Six species belonging to the genera Shuttleworthia, Scardovia, and Prevotella demonstrated lower abundances in AN implants with PI, and 18 species belonging to the genera Fretibacterium, Tannerella, Treponema, and Fusobacterium were elevated, while in HA implants with PI, 20 species belonging to the genera Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, Veillonella, Rothia, and family Ruminococcaceae were depleted and Peptostreptococcaceae, Atopobiaceae, Veillonellaceae, Porphyromonadaceae, Desulfobulbaceae, and order Synergistales were enriched. CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of this study, we demonstrate that implant surface can differentially modify the disease-associated microbiome, suggesting that surface topography must be considered in the multi-factorial etiology of peri-implant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Sinjab
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry University of Michigan 1011 N University Ave Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Shriya Sawant
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry University of Michigan 1011 N University Ave Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Alice Ou
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry University of Michigan 1011 N University Ave Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - J. Christopher Fenno
- Department of Biological and Material Sciences and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry University of Michigan 1011 N University Ave Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Hom-Lay Wang
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry University of Michigan 1011 N University Ave Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Purnima Kumar
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry University of Michigan 1011 N University Ave Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
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Ismail HS, Ali AI, Garcia-Godoy F. Influence of Manual and Ultrasonic Scaling on Surface Roughness of Four Different Base Materials Used to Elevate Proximal Dentin-Cementum Gingival Margins: An In Vitro Study. Oper Dent 2022; 47:E106-E118. [PMID: 35405002 DOI: 10.2341/20-007-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate and compare the effects of both manual and ultrasonic scaling on surface roughness of four different base materials, used for elevating dentin/cementum gingival margins of proximal cavities. METHODS AND MATERIALS Eighty human upper molars with compound Class II mesial cavities, with gingival margins 1 mm below the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ), were divided into four different groups according to the type of the base material used; resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI), glass hybrid (HV-GIC), flowable bulk-fill resin composite (Bulk Flow) and bioactive ionic resin (Activa). This was followed by completing the restorations with the same resin composite. All materials were used according to the manufacturers' instructions. All groups were further subdivided into two subgroups according to the scaling technique: manual (hand) or ultrasonic. All restorative and scaling procedures were performed after fixation of specimens with acrylic beside neighboring teeth to simulate natural contact. The mean surface roughness (Ra, μm) of all specimens was measured quantitatively and qualitatively by a three-dimensional (3D) surface analyzer system at two stages; (1) after thermal cycling for 5000 cycles without scaling and (2) after scaling. Data were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey post hoc tests, and paired sample t-tests (at α=0.05). RESULTS For baseline readings, the Bulk Flow group had the lowest Ra values, while HV-GIC group had the highest. RMGI and Activa groups had no statistical significant difference between their Ra values (p>0.05). For post scaling readings, hand scaling had significantly lower Ra values than ultrasonic scaling in all the material groups (p<0.05), except in the Bulk Flow group, where both scaling methods were not significantly different from each other (p>0.05). CONCLUSION Bulk Flow had the smoothest surfaces when cured against a matrix band compared with the other tested base materials. When hand and ultrasonic scaling methods were compared, the latter technique had more detrimental effect on the surface texture of the four tested base materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Ismail
- *Hoda Ismail, assistant lecturer, Operative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - A I Ali
- Ashraf Ibrahim Ali, associate professor, Operative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura Egypt
| | - F Garcia-Godoy
- Franklin Garcia-Godoy, professor, Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA; adjunct professor, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Comparison of Root Surface Wear and Roughness Resulted from Different Ultrasonic Scalers and Polishing Devices Applied on Human Teeth: An In-Vitro Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2020; 8:healthcare8010055. [PMID: 32155974 PMCID: PMC7151259 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare8010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to compare the root surface wear and roughness, resulted from the professional dental hygiene instruments, including ultrasonic dental scalers, rubber prophy cups, and nylon bristle brushes, on the extracted human mandibular incisor teeth. Teeth (n = 80) were randomly assigned into eight groups according to the applied scaler type (Ma = Magnetostrictive, Pi = Piezoelectric), degree of power (M = Medium, F = Full), and angulation (0° and 45°). In the second stage, the specimens (n = 40) were further divided into two groups according to the applied polishing device (nylon bristle brush or rubber prophy cup). Laser scanner and contact profilometer devices were used for the surface analysis. Both ultrasonic instruments tested in our study produced rougher surfaces when full power was used at a 0° angle (p < 0.01). The highest wear (0.82 ± 0.07 mm3) and roughness values (0.30 ± 0.01 µm) were detected in the PiF0 group. Polishing performed with a rubber prophy cup resulted in almost twice the wear as well as a smoother surface when compared to polishing performed with a nylon bristle brush (p < 0.001). Variations in the application parameters of ultrasonic scalers and the type of polishing instrument might lead to significantly different root-surface characteristics.
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Maritato M, Orazi L, Laurito D, Formisano G, Serra E, Lollobrigida M, Molinari A, De Biase A. Root surface alterations following manual and mechanical scaling: A comparative study. Int J Dent Hyg 2018; 16:553-558. [DOI: 10.1111/idh.12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Maritato
- Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Sciences; Sapienza University of Rome; Rome Italy
| | - L Orazi
- Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Sciences; Sapienza University of Rome; Rome Italy
| | - D Laurito
- Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Sciences; Sapienza University of Rome; Rome Italy
| | - G Formisano
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation; Istituto Superiore di Sanità; Rome Italy
| | - E Serra
- ENEA Materials Technology Unit; Casaccia Research Center; Rome Italy
| | - M Lollobrigida
- Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Sciences; Sapienza University of Rome; Rome Italy
| | - A Molinari
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation; Istituto Superiore di Sanità; Rome Italy
| | - A De Biase
- Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Sciences; Sapienza University of Rome; Rome Italy
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Krishna R, De Stefano JA. Ultrasonic vs. hand instrumentation in periodontal therapy: clinical outcomes. Periodontol 2000 2016; 71:113-27. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Robitaille N, Reed D, Walters J, Kumar P. Periodontal and peri-implant diseases: identical or fraternal infections? Mol Oral Microbiol 2015; 31:285-301. [DOI: 10.1111/omi.12124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Robitaille
- Division of Periodontology; College of Dentistry; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH USA
| | - D.N. Reed
- Division of General Practice and Material Sciences
| | - J.D. Walters
- Division of Periodontology; College of Dentistry; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH USA
| | - P.S. Kumar
- Division of Periodontology; College of Dentistry; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH USA
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Erriu M, Blus C, Szmukler-Moncler S, Buogo S, Levi R, Barbato G, Madonnaripa D, Denotti G, Piras V, Orrù G. Microbial biofilm modulation by ultrasound: current concepts and controversies. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2014; 21:15-22. [PMID: 23751458 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2013.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm elimination is often necessary during antimicrobial therapy or industrial medical manufacturing decontamination. In this context, ultrasound treatment has been frequently described in the literature for its antibiofilm effectiveness, but at the same time, various authors have described ultrasound as a formidable enhancer of bacterial viability. This discrepancy has found no solution in the current literature for around 9 years; some works have shown that every time bacteria are exposed to an ultrasonic field, both destruction and stimulation phenomena co-exist. This co-existence proves to have different final effects based on various factors such as: ultrasound frequency and intensity, the bacterial species involved, the material used for ultrasound diffusion, the presence of cavitation effects and the forms of bacterial planktonic or biofilm. The aim of this work is to analyze current concepts regarding ultrasound effect on prokaryotic cells, and in particular ultrasound activity on bacterial biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Erriu
- Oral Biotechnology Laboratory (OBL), Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
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Mohan R, Agrawal S, Gundappa M. Atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy evaluation of efficacy of scaling and root planing using magnification: A randomized controlled clinical study. Contemp Clin Dent 2013; 4:286-94. [PMID: 24124292 PMCID: PMC3793547 DOI: 10.4103/0976-237x.118347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: A randomized controlled clinical study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of scaling and root planing (SRP) by using Magnifying Loupes (ML) and dental operating microscope (DOM). Materials and Methods: A total of 90 human teeth scheduled for extraction from 18 patients aged between 25 and 65 years suffering from generalized chronic severe periodontitis were randomly assigned to three treatment groups. Group 1 consisted SRP performed without using magnification (unaided), Group 2-SRP with ML and Group 3-SRP with DOM. Following extractions, samples were prepared for (i) evaluation of surface topography by atomic force microscopy, (ii) presence of smear layer, debris by scanning electron microscopy (iii) elemental analysis by energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Data was subjected to statistical analysis using analysis of variance, post-hoc (Tukey-HSD) and Chi-square test. Results: Statistically significant (P < 0.001) difference was found among the different treatment groups. Group 3 was the best while Group 1 was the least effective technique for SRP. Order of efficacy in terms of the surface was found to be - Palatal < Lingual < Distal ≃ Mesial < Buccal. Efficiency in mandibular to maxillary teeth was found to be significant (P < 0.05), also anterior to posterior teeth (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Magnification tools significantly enhance the efficacy of supragingival and subgingival SRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjana Mohan
- Department of Periodontics, Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, India
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Amid R, Kadkhodazadeh M, Fekrazad R, Hajizadeh F, Ghafoori A. Comparison of the effect of hand instruments, an ultrasonic scaler, and an erbium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet laser on root surface roughness of teeth with periodontitis: a profilometer study. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2013; 43:101-5. [PMID: 23678394 PMCID: PMC3651935 DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2013.43.2.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study aimed to measure root surface roughness in teeth with periodontitis by a profilometer following root planning with ultrasonic and hand instruments with and without erbium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Er:YAG) laser irradiation. METHODS Sixty single-rooted maxillary and mandibular teeth, extracted because of periodontal disease, were collected. The crowns and apices of the roots were cut off using a diamond bur and water coolant. The specimens were mounted in an acrylic resin block such that a plain root surface was accessible. After primary evaluation and setting a baseline, the samples were divided into 4 groups. In group 1, the samples were root planned using a manual curette. The group 2 samples were prepared with an ultrasonic scaler. In group 3, after scaling with hand instrumentation, the roots were treated with a Smart 1240D plus Er:YAG laser and in group 4, the roots were prepared with ultrasonic scaler and subsequently treated with an Er:YAG laser. Root surface roughness was then measured by a profilometer (MahrSurf M300+RD18C system) under controlled laboratory conditions at a temperature of 25℃ and 41% humidity. The data were analyzed statistically using analysis of variance and a t-test (P<0.05). RESULTS Significant differences were detected in terms of surface roughness and surface distortion before and after treatment. The average reduction of the surface roughness after treatment in groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 was 1.89, 1.88, 1.40, and 1.52, respectively. These findings revealed no significant differences among the four groups. CONCLUSIONS An Er:YAG laser as an adjunct to traditional scaling and root planning reduces root surface roughness. However, the surface ultrastructure is more irregular than when using conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Amid
- Department of Periodontics, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Singh S, Uppoor A, Nayak D. A comparative evaluation of the efficacy of manual, magnetostrictive and piezoelectric ultrasonic instruments--an in vitro profilometric and SEM study. J Appl Oral Sci 2012; 20:21-6. [PMID: 22437673 PMCID: PMC3928767 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572012000100005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2009] [Accepted: 03/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The debridement of diseased root surface is usually performed by mechanical
scaling and root planing using manual and power driven instruments. Many new
designs in ultrasonic powered scaling tips have been developed. However, their
effectiveness as compared to manual curettes has always been debatable. Thus, the
objective of this in vitro study was to comparatively evaluate
the efficacy of manual, magnetostrictive and piezoelectric ultrasonic
instrumentation on periodontally involved extracted teeth using profilometer and
scanning electron microscope (SEM). Material and Methods 30 periodontally involved extracted human teeth were divided into 3 groups. The
teeth were instrumented with hand and ultrasonic instruments resembling clinical
application. In Group A all teeth were scaled with a new universal hand curette
(Hu Friedy Gracey After Five Vision curette; Hu Friedy, Chicago, USA). In Group B
CavitronTM FSI - SLITM ultrasonic device with focused
spray slimline inserts (Dentsply International Inc., York, PA, USA) were used. In
Group C teeth were scaled with an EMS piezoelectric ultrasonic device with
prototype modified PS inserts. The surfaces were analyzed by a Precision
profilometer to measure the surface roughness (Ra value in µm) consecutively
before and after the instrumentation. The samples were examined under SEM at
magnifications ranging from 17x to 300x and 600x. Results The mean Ra values (µm) before and after instrumentation in all the three groups
A, B and C were tabulated. After statistically analyzing the data, no significant
difference was observed in the three experimental groups. Though there was a
decrease in the percentage reduction of Ra values consecutively from group A to C.
Conclusion Within the limits of the present study, given that the manual, magnetostrictive
and piezoelectric ultrasonic instruments produce the same surface roughness, it
can be concluded that their efficacy for creating a biologically compatible
surface of periodontally diseased teeth is similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumita Singh
- Department of Periodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Karnataka, India
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In vitro evaluation of surface roughness, adhesion of periodontal ligament fibroblasts, and Streptococcus gordonii following root instrumentation with Gracey curettes and subsequent polishing with diamond-coated curettes. Clin Oral Investig 2012; 17:397-404. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-012-0719-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Aspriello SD, Piemontese M, Levrini L, Sauro S. Ultramorphology of the root surface subsequent to hand-ultrasonic simultaneous instrumentation during non-surgical periodontal treatments: an in vitro study. J Appl Oral Sci 2011; 19:74-81. [PMID: 21437474 PMCID: PMC4245868 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572011000100015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2009] [Accepted: 10/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the ultramorphology of the root surfaces
induced by mechanical instrumentation performed using conventional curettes or
piezoelectric scalers when used single-handedly or with a combined technique. Material and Methods Thirty single-rooted teeth were selected and divided into 3 groups: Group A,
instrumentation with curettes; Group B instrumentation with titanium nitride coated
periodontal tip mounted in a piezoelectric handpiece; Group C, combined technique with
curette/ultrasonic piezoelectric instrumentation. The specimens were processed and
analyzed using confocal and scanning electron microscopy. Differences between the
different groups of instrumentation were determined using Pearson’s χ
2 with significance predetermined at α=0.001. Results Periodontal scaling and root planing performed with curettes, ultrasonic or combined
instrumentation induced several morphological changes on the root surface. The curettes
produced a compact and thick multilayered smear layer, while the morphology of the root
surfaces after ultrasonic scaler treatment appeared irregular with few grooves and a
thin smear layer. The combination of curette/ultrasonic instrumentation showed exposed
root dentin tubules with a surface morphology characterized by the presence of very few
grooves and slender remnants of smear layer which only partially covered the root
dentin. In some cases, it was also possible to observe areas with exposed collagen
fibrils. Conclusion The curette-ultrasonic simultaneous instrumentation may combine the beneficial effects
of each instrument in a single technique creating a root surface relatively free from
the physical barrier of smear layer and dentin tubules orifices partial occlusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone D Aspriello
- Institute of Dental Science, Division of Periodontology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
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Casarin RCV, Ribeiro FV, Sallum AW, Sallum EA, Nociti-Jr FH, Casati MZ. Root surface defect produced by hand instruments and ultrasonic scaler with different power settings: an in vitro study. Braz Dent J 2009; 20:58-63. [DOI: 10.1590/s0103-64402009000100010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the root surface defect produced by hand curettes and ultrasonic tips with different power settings. Forty root surfaces were divided into 4 groups according the treatment: Gracey curettes, ultrasonic scaler at 10% power, ultrasonic scaler at 50% power and ultrasonic scaler at 100% power. Each specimen was instrumented with 15 strokes and the and divided in the middle to evaluate: (1) the defect depth produced by the instrumentation and (2) contact area of the instrument tips, which was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. ANOVA and Tukey's test were used for statistical analysis (a=0.05). The results (mean ± SD) of the contact area showed significantly greater defects (p<0.05) for the hand instrumented groups (2092.9 ± 482) compared to the ultrasonic groups (606.8 ± 283.0; 858.6 ± 422.5; 1212.0 ± 366.7, respectively), independently of the power setting. The values for the defect depth on root surface showed no statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between hand instrumentation (66.1 ± 34.0) and ultrasonic scaling at 10%, 50% or 100% power settings (52.4 ± 22.1; 72.0 ± 29.9; 77.7 ± 37.7, respectively). The findings of this study demonstrate that ultrasonic instrumentation produced a similar defect depth to that of hand instrumentation, with a smaller tip contact area, independently of the power setting used for scaling.
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