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Geogi CC, Dubey S, Singh P, Rajkumar B, Samant PS, Rawat A. A Comparative Evaluation of the Effect of Different Endodontic Irrigating Solutions on Microhardness of Root Canal Dentin: An in vitro Study. JOURNAL OF DENTISTRY (SHIRAZ, IRAN) 2024; 25:236-242. [PMID: 39371949 PMCID: PMC11452603 DOI: 10.30476/dentjods.2023.98298.2071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
Statement of the Problem During endodontic therapy, irrigation solutions applied in the root canal may affect the physicochemical properties of the dentinal wall, thereby changing its microhardness. This may adversely affect the sealing ability and adhesion of dental materials. Therefore, many studies have focused on the search for an ideal root canal irrigant that has a minimal effect on dentinal microhardness. Purpose This in vitro study was conducted to determine the changes in dentin microhardness after root canal irrigation with different endodontic irrigants. Materials and Method Ninety-five freshly extracted maxillary central incisor teeth with straight single canals were selected. These teeth were sectioned transversely at the level of the cementoenamel junction. The working length of each tooth was determined, and canal space was prepared by the HyFlex CM rotary file system. During instrumentation, normal saline was used for irrigation. Then, teeth were split longitudinally into two segments. According to the irrigating solution employed, samples were divided into five groups (n=19): normal saline (Group A), 3% sodium hypochlorite (Group B), 2% chlorhexidine (Group C), 5% calcium hypochlorite (Group D), and 0.2% nanochitosan (Group E).3 mL of the corresponding irrigating solution was administered for total15 minutes in each prepared sample. The Vickers micro-hardness tester was then used to assess micro-hardness. The data was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results All tested irrigating solutions decreased the dentinal microhardness. Samples irrigated with 5% calcium hypochlorite demonstrated dentinal microhardness of 42.43±1.62, which is the lowest among all the tested groups, followed by nano chitosan, sodium hypochlorite, and chlorhexidine. Samples treated with control group (saline) demonstrated the maximum microhardness of dentin in the present study. Conclusion Within the limitations of this research, it can be concluded that the tested novel irrigating solutions, 5% calcium hypochlorite and 0.2% nanochitosan, were more detrimental to radicular dentin microhardness when compared with conventional endodontic irrigants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Cherian Geogi
- Dept. of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Babu Banarasi Das College of Dental Sciences, Lucknow (U.P.), India
| | - Sandeep Dubey
- Dept. of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Babu Banarasi Das College of Dental Sciences, Lucknow (U.P.), India
| | - Palak Singh
- Dept. of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Babu Banarasi Das College of Dental Sciences, Lucknow (U.P.), India
| | - B Rajkumar
- Dept. of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Babu Banarasi Das College of Dental Sciences, Lucknow (U.P.), India
| | - Praveen Singh Samant
- Dept. of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Babu Banarasi Das College of Dental Sciences, Lucknow (U.P.), India
| | - Ananya Rawat
- Dept. of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Babu Banarasi Das College of Dental Sciences, Lucknow (U.P.), India
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Formulation and Characterization of a Novel Palm-Oil-Based α-Mangostin Nano-Emulsion (PO-AMNE) as an Antimicrobial Endodontic Irrigant: An In Vitro Study. Processes (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11030798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To formulate and characterize a palm-oil-in-water-based α-Mangostin nano-emulsion (PO-AMNE) endodontic irrigant, in order to evaluate its antibacterial efficacy against Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Candida albicans biofilms, as well as its capacity to remove smear layer. Methods: The solubility of α-Mangostin in various oils was determined and selected, surfactants and co-surfactants were used for the nano-emulsion trial. PO-AMNE was prepared and optimized. The MIC was performed, and the antimicrobial efficacy was estimated against biofilms. The optimized 0.2% PO-AMNE irrigant antimicrobial efficacy in a tooth model was done using colony-forming units. The treated teeth were processed by scanning electron microscopic examination for debris and smear layer removal. An Alamar Blue assay was used to evaluate cell viability. The optimization of the PO-AMNE irrigant was performed using Box–Behnken statistical design. Results: The optimized 0.2% PO-AMNE irrigant was found to have a particle size of 340.9 nm with 0.246 PDI of the dispersed droplets, and a zeta potential (mV) of −27.2 ± 0.7 mV. The MIC values showed that 0.2% PO-AMNE (1.22 ± 0.02) were comparable to 2% CHX (1.33 ± 0.01), and 3.25% NaOCl (2.2 ± 0.09) had the least inhibition for E. faecalis. NaOCl (3.25%) showed the maximum inhibition of S. epidermidis (0.26 ± 0.05), whereas 0.2% PO-AMNE (1.25 ± 0.0) was comparable to 2% CHX (1.86 ± 0.07). For C. albicans, 2% CHX (8.12 ± 0.12) showed the least inhibition as compared to 0.2% PO-AMNE (1.23 ± 0.02) and 3.25% NaOCl (0.59 ± 0.02). The 0.2% PO-AMNE irrigant was then evaluated for its antimicrobial efficacy against the three biofilms, using colony-forming units. The 0.2% PO-AMNE was comparable to both 3.25% NaOCl and 2% CHX in inhibiting the growth of biofilms. The 0.2% PO-AMNE and 17% EDTA eliminated the smear layer with the lowest mean scores (p < 0.001). Finally, 0.2% PO-AMNE was shown to be biocompatible when compared to 17% EDTA, 3.25% NaOCl, and 2% CHX in immortalized oral keratinocyte cells. Conclusion: Overall, the formulated 0.2% PO-AMNE irrigant was an effective antimicrobial and biocompatible which could combat endodontic-infection-related polymicrobial biofilms.
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Beltran HS, Macedo-Serrano N, Baldarrago AC, Iuga MM, Laura LP. Accidental Injection of Chlorhexidine during Endodontic Therapy. IRANIAN ENDODONTIC JOURNAL 2021; 16:123-126. [PMID: 36704219 PMCID: PMC9709897 DOI: 10.22037/iej.v16i2.32954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The use of chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) as an irrigating solution in an anesthesia cartridge is a wrong procedure commonly performed in daily clinical practice. Being an invasive procedure, it is invariably associated with complications. A 47-year-old healthy woman was injected accidentally with 2% CHX in the buccal vestibular area instead of an anesthetic solution during a root canal treatment. After the injection, the patient experienced local side effects, such as a burning sensation on the right cheek area, also a discomfort perception at the injection site and a slight inflammation with a mild extraoral redness especially on the right side cheek. The patient was prescribed with antibiotics and anti-inflammatories to reduce pain and inflammation. The patient complained of upper lip numbness by the second day of the accident. The extraoral swelling reduced gradually and the redness diminished considerably over a period of 6 days. At day 60 of follow-up, the patient recovered satisfactorily from extraoral inflammation but still presented a slight numbness of the upper lip. As a conclusion, we can claim that anesthesia cartridges with irrigant solutions should never be used to irrigate the root canals, and accidental injection of CHX should be carefully assessed by the clinician.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hair Salas Beltran
- Department of the Endodontics, Catholic University of Santa María, Arequipa, Peru;
| | - Nathaly Macedo-Serrano
- Department of the Endodontics, Catholic University of Santa María, Arequipa, Peru; ,Corresponding author: Nathaly Macedo-Serrano, Street: 13 of April #706, District: Alto Selva Alegre, Department: Arequipa, Zip Code: 04000, Peru
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Poletto D, Poletto AC, Cavalaro A, Machado R, Cosme-Silva L, Garbelini CCD, Hoeppner MG. Smear layer removal by different chemical solutions used with or without ultrasonic activation after post preparation. Restor Dent Endod 2017; 42:324-331. [PMID: 29142881 PMCID: PMC5682149 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2017.42.4.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study evaluated smear layer removal by different chemical solutions used with or without ultrasonic activation after post preparation. Materials and Methods Forty-five extracted uniradicular human mandibular premolars with single canals were treated endodontically. The cervical and middle thirds of the fillings were then removed, and the specimens were divided into 9 groups: G1, saline solution (NaCl); G2, 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); G3, 2% chlorhexidine (CHX); G4, 11.5% polyacrylic acid (PAA); G5, 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). For the groups 6, 7, 8, and 9, the same solutions used in the groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 were used, respectively, but activated with ultrasonic activation. Afterwards, the roots were analyzed by a score considering the images obtained from a scanning electron microscope. Results EDTA achieved the best performance compared with the other solutions evaluated regardless of the irrigation method (p < 0.05). Conclusions Ultrasonic activation did not significantly influence smear layer removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Poletto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Londrina State University (UEL), Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Andressa Cavalaro
- Clinical Practice Limited to Esthetic Dentistry, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Machado
- Clinical Practice Limited to Endodontics, Navegantes, SC, Brazil
| | - Leopoldo Cosme-Silva
- Department of Endodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Márcio Grama Hoeppner
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Londrina State University (UEL), Londrina, PR, Brazil
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Pozos-Guillen A, Garcia-Flores A, Esparza-Villalpando V, Garrocho-Rangel A. Intracanal irrigants for pulpectomy in primary teeth: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Paediatr Dent 2016; 26:412-425. [PMID: 26898157 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the findings on the clinical efficacy of intracanal irrigants employed during pulpectomy of primary teeth. METHODS A systematic search was performed in electronic databases and peer-reviewed paediatric dentistry journals to find relevant studies. Titles, abstracts, and full-text papers were located, screened, and assessed independently by two reviewers, and a meta-analysis was performed. RESULTS The search identified a total of 775 records; 46 were selected and reviewed in full text. After screening, seven studies met the eligibility criteria for inclusion. Three studies compared the 2% chlorhexidine and saline solutions, but no analysis could be performed because of the heterogeneity between these; two of the studies reported non-comparative methodologies and results when compared, and were not analysed. Finally, two studies compared a mixture of tetracycline isomer, an acid, and a detergent (MTDA) or oxidative potential water (OPW) to sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), without showing significant heterogeneity; therefore, their combined outcomes were included. Both fixed and random mixed models resulted in a non-significant weighted mean difference between treatments, according to a forest plot. CONCLUSIONS More studies are required with adequate quality, as well as a full-result report, including summary measurements of both response variables and effect size, to determine the most effective irrigant agents for use in pulpectomies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaury Pozos-Guillen
- Basic Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, San Luis Potosi University, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. .,Pediatric Dentistry Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Dentistry, San Luis Potosi University, San Luis Potosi, Mexico.
| | - Adrian Garcia-Flores
- Pediatric Dentistry Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Dentistry, San Luis Potosi University, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | - Vicente Esparza-Villalpando
- Clinical Research Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, San Luis Potosi University, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | - Arturo Garrocho-Rangel
- Pediatric Dentistry Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Dentistry, San Luis Potosi University, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
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Llena C, Forner L, Cambralla R, Lozano A. Effect of three different irrigation solutions applied by passive ultrasonic irrigation. Restor Dent Endod 2015; 40:143-8. [PMID: 25984476 PMCID: PMC4432257 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2015.40.2.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the maximum depth and percentage of irrigant penetration into dentinal tubules by passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI). MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty extracted human teeth were instrumented and divided into three groups. According to final irrigation regimen, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (Group A, NaOCl), 2% chlorhexidine (Group B, CHX) and saline solution (Group C, control group) were applied with Irrisafe 20 tips (Acteon) and PUI. Irrigant was mixed with 0.1% rhodamine B. Sections at 2 mm, 5 mm, and 8 mm from the apex were examined with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The percentage and maximum depth of irrigant penetration were measured. Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney test were performed for overall comparison between groups at each level and for pairwise comparison, respectively. Within a group, Wilcoxon test was performed among different levels. p values less than 0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS In all groups, highest penetration depth and percentage of penetration were observed at the 8 mm level. At 2 mm level, Groups A and B had significantly greater depths and percentages in penetration than Group C (p < 0.05), but there were no significant differences between Groups A and B. At 5 mm level, penetration depths and percentage of penetration was not significantly different among the groups. CONCLUSIONS NaOCl and CHX applied by PUI showed similar depth and percentage of penetration at all evaluated levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Llena
- Department of Stomatology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Leopoldo Forner
- Department of Stomatology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Adrian Lozano
- Department of Stomatology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
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Llena C, Cuesta C, Forner L, Mozo S, Segura JJ. The effect of passive ultrasonic activation of 2% chlorhexidine or 3% sodium hypochlorite in canal wall cleaning. J Clin Exp Dent 2015; 7:e69-73. [PMID: 25810845 PMCID: PMC4368021 DOI: 10.4317/jced.52088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: the purpose of this study was to compare debris removal and open tubules effectiveness of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and chlorhexidine (CHX) applied as final irrigation in different protocols
Study Design: sixty extracted premolars were divided into six groups according to the final irrigation technique: A and B 3 % NaOCl or 2 % CHX with the Miraject needle and no agitation; C and D, passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) with Irrisafe 20 tips and 3 % NaOCl or 2 % CHX; E and F, PUI with Irrisafe 25 tips and 3 % NaOCl or 2% CHX. The remaining dentine debris and opened tubules were evaluated by SEM at three root levels by two blinded investigators. The Kruskal Wallis and the Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare groups and levels, with a significance of p<0.05.
Results: Debris elimination was significantly higher in PUI groups (p<0.05). PUI groups showed a higher capability to open tubules, compared to groups A and B. In the coronal third, groups D to F eliminated more debris and opened more tubules than conventional irrigation (p<0.05). In medium third, group E eliminated significantly more debris (1.60) than group A (2.60). No differences were obtained among groups in apical third. Both NaOCl and CHX applied with PUI showed no differences in debris elimination or opened tubules.
Conclusions: Final PUI with Irrisafe tips was the most effective procedure for eliminating the debris and opening up dentinal tubules, independent of the irrigant solution or Irrisafe type size.
Key words:Ultrasonic irrigation, PUI, sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Llena
- MD,DDS,PhD, Department of Stomatology. Universitat de València, Spain
| | | | - Leopoldo Forner
- MD,DDS,PhD, Department of Stomatology. Universitat de València, Spain
| | | | - Juan-Jose Segura
- MD,DDS,PhD, Department of Stomatology. Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
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Guo X, Miao H, Li L, Zhang S, Zhou D, Lu Y, Wu L. Efficacy of four different irrigation techniques combined with 60 °C 3% sodium hypochlorite and 17% EDTA in smear layer removal. BMC Oral Health 2014; 14:114. [PMID: 25201549 PMCID: PMC4168203 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6831-14-114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Efforts to improve the efficacy of smear layer removal by applying irrigant activation at the final irrigation or by elevating the temperature of the irrigant have been reported. However, the combination of such activation protocols with 60 °C 3% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) has seldom been mentioned. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy in smear layer removal of four different irrigation techniques combined with 60 °C 3% NaOCl and 17% EDTA. METHODS Fifty single-rooted teeth were randomly divided into five groups (n = 10) according to the irrigant agitation protocols used during chemomechanical preparation(Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland): a side-vented needle group, a ultrasonic irrigation (UI) group, a NaviTip FX group, an EndoActivator group, and a control group (no agitation). After each instrumentation, the root canals were irrigated with 1 mL of 3% NaOCl at 60 °C for 1 minute, and after the whole instrumentation, the root canals were rinsed with 1 mL of 17% EDTA for 1 minute. Both NaOCl and EDTA were activated with one of the five irrigation protocols. The efficacy of smear layer removal was scored at the apical, middle and coronal thirds. The Data were statistically analyzed using SAS version 9.2 for Windows (rank sum test for a randomised block design and ANOVA). RESULTS No significant differences among the NaviTip FX group, EndoActivator group and control groups, and each of these groups showed a lower score than that of UI group (P < 0.05). Within each group, all three thirds were ranked in the following order: coronal > middle > apical (P < 0.05). In the coronal third, the NaviTip FX group was better than UI group. In the middle and apical third, the differences were not significant among any of the groups. CONCLUSIONS Even without any activation, the combination of 60 °C 3% NaOCl and 17% EDTA could remove the smear layer effectively, similar to NaviTip FX or EndoActivator, and these three protocols were more effective than UI. However, regardless of different types of irrigation technique applied, complete removal of the smear layer was not achieved, particularly in the apical third.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ligeng Wu
- From the Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, #12 Qi Xiang Tai Road, He Ping District, Tianjin 300070, PR China.
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Ahuja P, Nandini S, Ballal S, Velmurugan N. Effectiveness of four different final irrigation activation techniques on smear layer removal in curved root canals : a scanning electron microscopy study. JOURNAL OF DENTISTRY (TEHRAN, IRAN) 2014; 11:1-9. [PMID: 24910670 PMCID: PMC4037256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of apical negative pressure (ANP), manual dynamic agitation (MDA), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) and needle irrigation (NI) as final irrigation activation techniques for smear layer removal in curved root canals. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mesiobuccal root canals of 80 freshly extracted maxillary first molars with curvatures ranging between 25° and 35° were used. A glide path with #08-15 K files was established before cleaning and shaping with Mtwo rotary instruments (VDW, Munich, Germany) up to size 35/0.04 taper. During instrumentation, 1 ml of 2.5% NaOCl was used at each change of file. Samples were divided into 4 equal groups (n=20) according to the final irrigation activation technique: group 1, apical negative pressure (ANP) (EndoVac); group 2, manual dynamic agitation (MDA); group 3, passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI); and group 4, needle irrigation (NI). Root canals were split longitudinally and subjected to scanning electron microscopy. The presence of smear layer at coronal, middle and apical levels was evaluated by superimposing 300-μm square grid over the obtained photomicrographs using a four-score scale with X1,000 magnification. RESULTS Amongst all the groups tested, ANP showed the overall best smear layer removal efficacy (p < 0.05). Removal of smear layer was least effective with the NI technique. CONCLUSION ANP (EndoVac system) can be used as the final irrigation activation technique for effective smear layer removal in curved root canals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Ahuja
- Post Graduate Student, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Meenakshi Ammal Dental College, Chennai, India,Corresponding author: P. Ahuja, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College, Chennai, India,
| | - Suresh Nandini
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College, Chennai, India
| | - Suma Ballal
- Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College, Chennai, India
| | - Natanasabapathy Velmurugan
- Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College, Chennai, India
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Navarro-Escobar E, Baca P, González-Rodríguez MP, Arias-Moliz MT, Ruiz M, Ferrer-Luque CM. Ex vivo microbial leakage after using different final irrigation regimens with chlorhexidine. J Appl Oral Sci 2013; 21:74-9. [PMID: 23559116 PMCID: PMC3881817 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757201302322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To assess the influence of final irrigation protocols with chlorhexidine in the
coronal leakage of Enterococcus faecalis in filled root
canals. Material and Methods: Seventy single-root canals from extracted teeth were prepared using ProTaper
instruments. The irrigation protocol accomplished an alternating irrigation with 5
mL of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 17% EDTA between each file. The teeth
were randomly divided into four experimental groups (n=15) according to the final
irrigation regimen: group 1, without final irrigation; group 2, irrigation with 10
mL 2.0% chlorhexidine (CHX); group 3, with a final application of
EC40TM; and group 4, irrigation with the combination (1:1) of 0.2%
CHX + 0.1% cetrimide (CTR). All the teeth were mounted in a two-chamber apparatus
and the coronal access was exposed to E. faecalis. The presence
of turbidity in the BHI broth over a period of 180 days was observed. The Friedman
test was used for statistical analysis. Results: EC40TM varnish showed the least leakage at 180 days, and was
statistically similar to 2% CHX. No significant differences were observed between
the group without final irrigation and the 2% CHX group or 0.2% CHX + 0.1%
CTR. Conclusions: In this ex vivo study, EC40TM showed the longest
delayed coronal leakage of E. faecalis, although without
significant differences from 2% CHX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Navarro-Escobar
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry. University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, Colegio Máximo s/n, Granada, Spain
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Souza SDFC, Francci C, Bombana AC, Kenshima S, Barroso LP, D'Agostino LZ, Loguercio AD. Qualitative SEM/EDS analysis of microleakage and apical gap formation of adhesive root-filling materials. J Appl Oral Sci 2013; 20:329-34. [PMID: 22858699 PMCID: PMC3881782 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572012000300006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2010] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to compare the correspondence between gap formation and
apical microleakage in root canals filled with epoxy resin-based (AH Plus)
combined or not with resinous primer or with a dimethacrylate-based root canal
sealer (Epiphany). Material and Methods Thirty-nine lower single-rooted human premolars were filled by the lateral
condensation technique (LC) and immersed in a 50-wt% aqueous silver nitrate
solution at 37ºC (24 h). After longitudinal sectioning, epoxy resin
replicas were made from the tooth specimens. Both the replicas and the specimens
were prepared for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The gaps were observed in
the replicas. Apical microleakage was detected in the specimens by SEM/energy
dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). The data were analyzed statistically using an
Ordinal Logistic Regression model and Analysis of Correspondence (α=0.05).
Results Epiphany presented more regions containing gaps between dentin and sealer
(p<0.05). There was correspondence between the presence of gaps and
microleakage (p<0.05). Microleakage was similar among the root-filling
materials (p>0.05). Conclusions The resinous primer did not improve the sealing ability of AH Plus sealer and the
presence of gaps had an effect on apical microleakage for all materials.
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Blank-Gonçalves LM, Nabeshima CK, Martins GHR, Machado MEDL. Qualitative Analysis of the Removal of the Smear Layer in the Apical Third of Curved Roots: Conventional Irrigation versus Activation Systems. J Endod 2011; 37:1268-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2011.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Revised: 06/05/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Brito LMD, Carreira CDM, Raldi DP, Lage-Marques JL, Habitante SM, Saad WA. Effect of nitric oxide inhibitor and donor substances on the infammatory process caused by endodontic irrigants. J Appl Oral Sci 2011; 19:113-7. [PMID: 21552711 PMCID: PMC4243748 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572011000200006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2009] [Accepted: 05/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has been considered a key molecule in inflammation
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Cecchin D, Farina AP, Galafassi D, Barbizam JVB, Corona SAM, Carlini-Júnior B. Influence of sodium hypochlorite and edta on the microtensile bond strength of a self-etching adhesive system. J Appl Oral Sci 2010; 18:385-9. [PMID: 20835574 PMCID: PMC5349071 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572010000400011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2009] [Accepted: 09/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical substances used during biomechanical preparation of root canals can alter
the composition of dentin surface and affect the interaction with restorative
materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doglas Cecchin
- Endodontic Division, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
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15
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Valera MC, Chung A, Menezes MM, Fernandes CEF, Carvalho CAT, Camargo SEA, Camargo CHR. Scanning electron microscope evaluation of chlorhexidine gel and liquid associated with sodium hypochlorite cleaning on the root canal walls. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 110:e82-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2010.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2010] [Revised: 04/21/2010] [Accepted: 04/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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16
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Yamazaki AK, Moura-Netto C, Salgado RJC, Kleine BM, Prokopowitsch I. Ex vivo analysis of root canal cleaning using Endo-PTC associated to NaOCl and different irrigant solutions. Braz Oral Res 2010; 24:15-20. [DOI: 10.1590/s1806-83242010000100003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2009] [Accepted: 11/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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