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Moon SH, Shin SJ, Oh S, Bae JM. Antibacterial Activity and Sustained Effectiveness of Calcium Silicate-Based Cement as a Root-End Filling Material against Enterococcus faecalis. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6124. [PMID: 37763402 PMCID: PMC10532646 DOI: 10.3390/ma16186124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Several calcium silicate cement (CSC) types with improved handling properties have been developed lately for root-end filling applications. While sealing ability is important, a high biocompatibility and antimicrobial effects are critical. This study aimed to conduct a comparative evaluation of the antimicrobial efficacy and sustained antibacterial effectiveness against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) of commercially available CSCs mixed with distilled water (DW) and chlorhexidine (CHX). Various products, viz., ProRoot mixed with DW (PRW) or with CHX (PRC), Endocem mixed with DW (EW) or with CHX (EC), and Endocem premixed (EP) syringe type, were used. While antibacterial activity against E. faecalis was evaluated using a direct contact method, the specimens were stored in a shaking incubator for 30 d for antibacterial sustainability. The cytotoxicity was evaluated using a cell counting kit-8 assay in human periodontal ligament stem cells. The antibacterial activities of EP, EW, and EC were greater than those of PRC and PRW (p < 0.05). The antibacterial sustainability of EP was the highest without cytotoxicity for up to 30 days (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the pre-mixed injectable type EP was most effective in terms of antibacterial activity and sustained antibacterial effectiveness without cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Hee Moon
- Institute of Biomaterials & Implant, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksan-daero, Iksan City 54538, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.M.); (S.O.)
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksan-daero, Iksan City 54538, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seong-Jin Shin
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksan-daero, Iksan City 54538, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seunghan Oh
- Institute of Biomaterials & Implant, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksan-daero, Iksan City 54538, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.M.); (S.O.)
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksan-daero, Iksan City 54538, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ji-Myung Bae
- Institute of Biomaterials & Implant, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksan-daero, Iksan City 54538, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.M.); (S.O.)
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksan-daero, Iksan City 54538, Republic of Korea;
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Gopinath VK, Pulikkotil SJ, Veettil SK, Dharmarajan L, Prakash PSG, Dhar V, Jayaraman J. COMPARING THE CLINICAL AND RADIOGRAPHIC OUTCOMES OF PULPOTOMIES IN PRIMARY MOLARS USING BIOACTIVE ENDODONTIC MATERIALS AND FERRIC SULFATE - A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIALS. J Evid Based Dent Pract 2022; 22:101770. [PMID: 36494111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2022.101770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of pulpotomies in primary molars using bioactive endodontic materials and ferric sulfate. DESIGN The search was conducted in PubMed, Ebscohost, ProQuest, and Scopus databases till June 2021. Children undergoing pulpotomy therapy in primary molars treated with ferric sulfate (FS) and bioactive endodontic materials were evaluated for clinical and radiographic success. Meta-analysis was performed on a random-effects model to assess the success at 6,12,18, and 24 months. The quality of studies was evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials RESULTS: No significant difference was observed between Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and FS at 24 months for both clinical [RR0.98 (95%CI 0.15,6.34), I2 = 0%] and radiographic [RR0.74 (95%CI: 0.23,2.43), I2 = 0%] success. At 6 months [RR1.36 (95%CI: 0.10,19.34), I2 = 33%], no difference was observed in the clinical [RR1.00 (95%CI: 0.95,1.05), I2 = 0%] and radiographic success [RR0.99 (95%CI: 0.88,1.11), I2 = 51%] between Biodentine (BD), FS and radiographic success of calcium enriched cement and FS [RR0.25 (95%CI: 0.03, 2.22), I2 = 0%]. CONCLUSION Amongst bioactive materials, MTA and FS demonstrated equal success rates in both clinical and radiographic outcomes with follow-up periods of up to 24 months. Future, high-quality trials are required to verify the result of the current review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vellore Kannan Gopinath
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.
| | - Shaju Jacob Pulikkotil
- Division of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sajesh K Veettil
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Lalli Dharmarajan
- Department of Periodontics, S.R.M Dental College & Hospital, Ramapuram, Chennai, India
| | | | - Vineet Dhar
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD , USA
| | - Jayakumar Jayaraman
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Dentistry, Richmond, VA, USA
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Özcan M, Garcia LDFR, Volpato CAM. Bioactive Materials for Direct and Indirect Restorations: Concepts and Applications. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2021.647267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, minimally invasive restorations could be made in dentistry applying adhesive materials and adhesion principles to the dental structures. Following this philosophy, endodontic interventions have been avoided largely, preserving hard tissues, and maintaining dental vitality. Advances in biologically favorable bioactive materials enabled clinicans to induce repair and regeneration of dental tissues. Such materials are primarily used for pulp protection and cementation of indirect restorations. This review highlights current bioactive materials available, principles of bioactivity and their mechanisms of action.
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Erik AA, Erik CE, Yıldırım D. Experimental study of influence of composition on radiopacity of fiber post materials. Microsc Res Tech 2019; 82:1448-1454. [PMID: 31119821 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This experimental study aims to evaluate the radiopacity of various fiber post materials and to determine the effects of material composition as analyzed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectrophotometry (EDS; EDAX Team Software; EDAX, Inc., Mahwah, NJ) on radiopacity. Five specimens of seven fiber post materials with 2-mm thickness were prepared and digital radiographs were taken with an aluminum stepwedge (SW) and 2-mm-thick tooth slice. The mean gray values (MGVs) of specimens were measured using the histogram function of a computer graphics program (Adobe Photoshop CS6; Adobe System, Inc., San Jose, CA). The MGVs of fiber post materials were compared with an aluminum SW and dentin of equal thickness. The fiber post specimens were examined by scanning electron microscopy and EDS analysis performed for the elementary analysis of material composition. The MGVs of fiber posts ranged between 83.67 ± 3.64 and 57.80 ± 7.08 pixels. Materials were sorted in descending order of MGV as follows: Reforpost, Carbopost, D.T. Light-Post, Easypost, Glassix Radiopaque, Dentolic Glass Fiber Post, and RelyX Fiber Post. All fiber posts demonstrated significantly higher radiopacity values than 2-mm-thick aluminum (p < .05). EDS analysis results indicated that the evaluated fiber posts included various elements for radiopacity in different ratios. All tested fiber post materials showed radiopacity values above the minimum recommendations of the International Organization for Standardization. EDS analysis results indicated that each manufacturer used different compositions of elements like zirconium, barium, titanium, and iron for achieving radiopacity in materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Aydoğmuş Erik
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Cevat Emre Erik
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Derya Yıldırım
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
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Vitti RP, Pacheco RR, Silva EJNL, Prati C, Gandolfi MG, Piva E, Ogliari FA, Zanchi CH, Sinhoreti MAC. Addition of phosphates and chlorhexidine to resin‐modified MTA materials. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2019; 107:2195-2201. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Pino Vitti
- Department of ProsthodonticsSchool of Dentistry, University of Taubaté Taubaté São Paulo Brazil
| | - Rafael Rocha Pacheco
- Department of Restorative DentistrySchool of Dentistry, University of Detroit Mercy Detroit Michigan
| | | | - Carlo Prati
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor SciencesSchool of Dentistry, University of Bologna Bologna Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Gandolfi
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Oral Pathology University of BolognaSchool of Dentistry Bologna Italy
| | - Evandro Piva
- Department of Operative DentistrySchool of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas Pelotas Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Fabrício Aulo Ogliari
- Department of Organic ChemistryMaterials Engineering School, Federal University of Pelotas Pelotas Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Cesar Henrique Zanchi
- Department of Operative DentistrySchool of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas Pelotas Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
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Wu IT, Chiang TY, Chen CC, Chen YC, Ding SJ. Dopant-dependent tailoring of physicochemical and biological properties of calcium silicate bone cements. Biomed Mater Eng 2018; 29:773-785. [DOI: 10.3233/bme-181022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- I.-Ting Wu
- , China Medical University Hospital, , Taiwan
- Institute of Oral Science, , , Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yi Chiang
- , Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, , Taiwan
| | - Chun-Cheng Chen
- , Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, , Taiwan
- , Chung Shan Medical University, , Taiwan
| | | | - Shinn-Jyh Ding
- Institute of Oral Science, , , Taiwan
- , Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, , Taiwan
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Junqueira RB, Carvalho RF, Yamamoto FAGF, Almeida SM, Verner FS. Evaluation of Radiopacity of Luting Cements Submitted to Different Aging Procedures. J Prosthodont 2018; 27:853-859. [PMID: 30320422 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the radiopacity of luting cements submitted to different aging procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty discs (1 × 4 mm) of each of the following cements were prepared: zinc phosphate, RelyX Luting 2, Variolink 2, AllCem, RelyX U200, Multilink, Panavia F2.0, and RelyX ARC. Then, they were randomly divided into two groups (n = 10/group), according to the aging procedure: thermal cycling group and water storage group. Before and after aging procedures, specimens were x-rayed with an aluminum step-wedge (11 steps, 1 mm thick each) and three dental slices (1 mm thick). The radiopacity was evaluated by means of optical density, which was measured using ImageJ software. The values were converted into millimeters of aluminum with a logistic regression calibration curve. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test (α = 0.05). RESULTS In the thermal cycling group, RelyX Luting 2, RelyX U200, and Panavia F2.0 showed a statistically significant reduction in radiopacity (p < 0.05). In the water storage group, all cements showed a significant reduction in radiopacity (p < 0.05), and RelyX Luting 2 and Panavia F2.0 performed below the desired ISO 4049 standard. CONCLUSIONS The radiopacity of luting cements can decrease after aging, especially after 1-year water storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael B Junqueira
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Campus GV (UFJF-GV), Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo F Carvalho
- Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Campus GV (UFJF-GV), Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Felipe A G F Yamamoto
- Hospital Maternidade Therezinha de Jesus-HMTJ/JF and Suprema - Faculdade Ciências Médicas e da Saúde Juiz de Fora (SUPREMA), Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Solange M Almeida
- Division of Oral Radiology, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francielle S Verner
- Division of Oral Diagnosis, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Campus GV (UFJF-GV), Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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8
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An SY, An CH, Choi KS, Huh KH, Yi WJ, Heo MS, Lee SS, Choi SC. Radiopacity of contemporary luting cements using conventional and digital radiography. Imaging Sci Dent 2018; 48:97-101. [PMID: 29963480 PMCID: PMC6015930 DOI: 10.5624/isd.2018.48.2.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study evaluated the radiopacity of contemporary luting cements using conventional and digital radiography. Materials and Methods Disc specimens (N=24, n=6 per group, ø7 mm×1 mm) were prepared using 4 resin-based luting cements (Duolink, Multilink N, Panavia F 2.0, and U-cem). The specimens were radiographed using films, a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) sensor, and a photostimulable phosphor plate (PSP) with a 10-step aluminum step wedge (1 mm incremental steps) and a 1-mm-thick tooth cut. The settings were 70 kVp, 4 mA, and 30 cm, with an exposure time of 0.2 s for the films and 0.1 s for the CMOS sensor and PSP. The films were scanned using a scanner. The radiopacity of the luting cements and tooth was measured using a densitometer for the film and NIH ImageJ software for the images obtained from the CMOS sensor, PSP, and scanned films. The data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results Multilink (3.44–4.33) showed the highest radiopacity, followed by U-cem (1.81–2.88), Panavia F 2.0 (1.51–2.69), and Duolink (1.48–2.59). The R2 values of the optical density of the aluminum step wedge were 0.9923 for the films, 0.9989 for the PSP, 0.9986 for the scanned films, and 0.9266 for the CMOS sensor in the linear regression models. Conclusion The radiopacities of the luting materials were greater than those of aluminum or dentin at the same thickness. PSP is recommended as a detector for radiopacity measurements because of its accuracy and convenience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo-Young An
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Chang-Hyeon An
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Karp-Sik Choi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kyung-Hoe Huh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won-Jin Yi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Suk Heo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sam-Sun Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soon-Chul Choi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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9
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CAMARGO RVD, SILVA-SOUSA YTC, ROSA RPFD, MAZZI-CHAVES JF, LOPES FC, STEIER L, SOUSA-NETO MD. Evaluation of the physicochemical properties of silicone- and epoxy resin-based root canal sealers. Braz Oral Res 2017; 31:e72. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2017.vol31.0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Mendes MS, Resende LD, Pinto CA, Raldi DP, Cardoso FG, Habitante SM. Radiopacity of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate with and without Inclusion of Silver Nanoparticles. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017. [PMID: 28621272 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the inclusion of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) in the mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) composition to know which changes will result in the radiopacity of the material. MATERIALS AND METHODS The experiment was performed according to the American National Standard Institute/American Dental Association specification no. 57/2000 and ISO 6876/2001. Five plates with five holes measuring 1 mm in depth and 5 mm in internal diameter were filled according to the different experimental groups as follows: white mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA) + NP50 - W MTA with liquid Ag NP 50 ppm, WMTA + NP30 - W MTA with liquid Ag NP 30 ppm, WMTA + NP22 - W MTA with liquid Ag NP 22 ppm, WMTA + NPP - white MTA with liquid Ag NP and powder 1%, WMTA (control). After filling the plates, they were kept in an incubator at 37°C in relative humidity for setting. Each sample was positioned along an aluminum step-wedge placed above the Opteo digital sensor system. The image was divided into four quadrants, and three readings were made for each quadrant to render the average of each quadrant. The resulting data were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's tests. RESULTS The results showed statistically significant differences between WMTA + NP30, WMTA + NP22, and WMTA + NPP interactions compared with WMTA (control) (p < 0.05). The radiopacity was in descending order: WMTA + NPP, WMTA + NP22, WMTA + NP30, MTA + NP50, and WMTA. CONCLUSION Silver NPs changed the radiopacity of WMTA, being more evident in WMTA + NP powder at 1% weight. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The low radiopacity of MTA makes it difficult for any radiographic observation. The Ag NPs appear as an alternative, being an excellent radiopacifier as they have excellent antimicrobial property and relatively low toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Ss Mendes
- Endodontic Division, Department of Odontology, University of Taubaté, Taubaté, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo D Resende
- Endodontic Division, Department of Odontology, University of Taubaté, Taubaté, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cláudia A Pinto
- Endodontic Division, Department of Odontology, University of Taubaté, Taubaté, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denise P Raldi
- Endodontic Division, Department of Odontology, University of Taubaté, Taubaté, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flavia Gr Cardoso
- Endodontic Division, Department of Odontology, University of Taubaté, Taubaté, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra M Habitante
- Endodontic Division, Department of Odontology, University of Taubaté, Taubaté, São Paulo, Brazil, Phone: +0036254149, e-mail:
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Huck C, Barud HDS, Basso FG, Costa CADS, Hebling J, Garcia LDFR. Cytotoxicity of New Calcium Aluminate Cement (EndoBinder) Containing Different Radiopacifiers. Braz Dent J 2017; 28:57-64. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201701023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of a calcium aluminate cement (EndoBinder) containing different radiopacifiers, Bi2O3, ZnO or ZrO2, compared with Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA). According to ISO 10993-12:2012 (E) recommendations, 0.2 g of each cement were applied in transwell inserts and placed in 24-well culture plates containing 1 mL of culture medium (DMEM). After 24 h of incubation, the extracts (DMEM containing components released from the cements) were applied to immortalized odontoblast-like MDPC-23 cells. Cell viability (MTT test), alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), total protein production and cell morphology (Scanning Electron Microscopy - SEM) were evaluated. The volume of 50 µL of extract was used to determine the chemical elements released by the cements using Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). The following groups were established (n=6): NC - negative control (without treatment); EB - EndoBinder without radiopacifier; EBBO - EndoBinder+Bi2O3; EBZnO - EndoBinder+ZnO; EBZrO - EndoBinder+ZrO2 and WMTA - White MTA. Data were subjected to statistical analysis (Kruskal-Wallis test, level of significance=5%). Cells exposed to the different versions of EndoBinder presented small reduction in viability, total protein production and ALP activity, with values similar to the NC and WMTA groups (p>0.05). Different elements (C, O, Na, Al, P, Si, Cl, Bi, K) released by the cements were detected in the extracts. However, the cells had no significant changes in their morphology. EndoBinder and MTA did not affect negatively the metabolism of the odontoblastic-like cells, showing it to be cytocompatible, irrespective of the used radiopacifier.
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12
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Dukic W. Radiopacity of Composite Luting Cements Using a Digital Technique. J Prosthodont 2017; 28:e450-e459. [PMID: 28072486 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the radiopacity of 20 common dental composite luting materials using a digital technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS A 1-mm-thick specimen of each material with a human tooth slice and aluminium step wedge were tested using digital radiographs under four combinations of exposure and voltage. The radiopacity in pixels was determined using computer software. The equivalent thickness of aluminium for each material was then calculated based on the calibration curve. RESULTS All tested materials except one had higher radiopacity than dentin (p > α; α = 0.01), and 80% of the materials had radiopacity above enamel value (p > α; α = 0.01). Moreover, 40% of tested materials had radiopacity of three times above the minimal International Organization for Standardization (ISO) values for composite luting cements. At all exposure values, the highest radiopacity was for Solocem and Multilink groups of materials, at three to six times above dentin radiopacity. Only Variolink Veneer showed radiopacity below dentin and enamel. CONCLUSIONS Composite luting materials should have radiopacity above ISO values or greater than the dentin or enamel equivalent. The highest radiopacity values were for the Solocem and Multilink family composite luting cements. Clinicians should choose materials with high radiopacity values, and manufacturers should be aware of the radiopacity values when introducing materials on the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Dukic
- School of Dental Medicine University of Zagreb, Croatia
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13
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Evaluation and Reduction of Artifacts Generated by 4 Different Root-end Filling Materials by Using Multiple Cone-beam Computed Tomography Imaging Settings. J Endod 2016; 42:307-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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14
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Mestieri LB, Tanomaru-Filho M, Gomes-Cornélio AL, Salles LP, Bernardi MIB, Guerreiro-Tanomaru JM. Radiopacity and cytotoxicity of Portland cement associated with niobium oxide micro and nanoparticles. J Appl Oral Sci 2015; 22:554-9. [PMID: 25591023 PMCID: PMC4307770 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720140209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) is composed of Portland Cement (PC) and bismuth oxide (BO). Replacing BO for niobium oxide (NbO) microparticles (Nbµ) or nanoparticles (Nbη) may improve radiopacity and bioactivity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the radiopacity and cytotoxicity of the materials: (1) PC; (2) White MTA; (3) PC+30% Nbµ; (4) PC+30% Nbη. MATERIAL AND METHODS For the radiopacity test, specimens of the different materials were radiographed along an aluminum step-wedge. For cell culture assays, Saos-2 osteoblastic-cells (ATCC HTB-85) were used. Cell viability was evaluated through MTT assay, and bioactivity was assessed by alkaline phosphatase activity assay. RESULTS The results demonstrated higher radiopacity for MTA, followed by Nbµ and Nbη, which had similar values. Cell culture analysis showed that PC and PC+NbO associations promoted greater cell viability than MTA. CONCLUSIONS It was concluded that the combination of PC+NbO is a potential alternative for composition of MTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Boldrin Mestieri
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, Univ. Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Mário Tanomaru-Filho
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, Univ. Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Livia Gomes-Cornélio
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, Univ. Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Loise Pedrosa Salles
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, Univ. Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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An SY, Lee DH, Lee KB. Radiopacity for Contemporary Luting Cements Using Digital Radiography under Various Exposure Conditions. J Prosthodont 2015; 24:642-6. [PMID: 25865072 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined the radiopacity of contemporary luting cements using direct digital radiography under a range of exposure conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Disc specimens (N = 80, n = 10 per group, ø5 mm × 1 mm) were prepared from 8 resin-based luting cements (BisCem Clearfil SA Luting, Duolink, Maxcem Elite Multilink Speed, Panavia F 2.0, RelyX Unicem Clicker, V-link). The specimens were radiographed using a charge-coupled device sensor along with an 11-step aluminum step wedge (1.5-mm incremental steps) and 1-mm-thick tooth cut using five tube voltage/exposure time setups (60 kVp, 0.10/0.08 seconds; 70 kVp, 0.10/0.08/0.06 seconds) at 4 mA and 30 cm. The radiopacity of the specimens was compared with that of the aluminum step wedge and human enamel and dentin using NIH ImageJ software (available at http://rsb.info.nih.gov/ij/). A linear regression model for the aluminum step wedge was constructed, and the data were analyzed by ANOVA and Duncan post hoc test. RESULTS Maxcem Elite (5.142 to 5.441) showed the highest radiopacity of all materials, followed in order by Multilink Speed (3.731 to 3.396) and V-link (2.763 to 3.103). The radiopacity of Panavia F 2.0 (2.025 to 2.429), BisCem (1.825 to 2.218), Clearfil SA Luting (1.692 to 2.145), Duolink (1.707 to 1.993), and RelyX Unicem Clicker (1.586 to 1.979) were between enamel (2.117 to 2.330) and dentin (1.302 to 1.685). The radiopacity of 70 kVp conditions was higher than that of the 60 kVp conditions. CONCLUSIONS The radiopacities of the tested luting materials were greater than those of dentin or aluminum, satisfying the criteria of the International Organization for Standardization, and they differed significantly from each other in the exposure setups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo-Young An
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Du-Hyeong Lee
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry and Advanced Dental Device Development Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kyu-Bok Lee
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry and Advanced Dental Device Development Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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Silva GF, Tanomaru-Filho M, Bernardi MIB, Guerreiro-Tanomaru JM, Cerri PS. Niobium pentoxide as radiopacifying agent of calcium silicate-based material: evaluation of physicochemical and biological properties. Clin Oral Investig 2015; 19:2015-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1412-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Effect of zirconium oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles on physicochemical properties and antibiofilm activity of a calcium silicate-based material. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:975213. [PMID: 25431798 PMCID: PMC4241313 DOI: 10.1155/2014/975213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antibiofilm activity against Enterococcus faecalis, compressive strength. and radiopacity of Portland cement (PC) added to zirconium oxide (ZrO2), as radiopacifier, with or without nanoparticulated zinc oxide (ZnO). The following experimental materials were evaluated: PC, PC + ZrO2, PC + ZrO2 + ZnO (5%), and PC + ZrO2 + ZnO (10%). Antibiofilm activity was analyzed by using direct contact test (DCT) on Enterococcus faecalis biofilm, for 5 h or 15 h. The analysis was conducted by using the number of colony-forming units (CFU/mL). The compressive strength was performed in a mechanical testing machine. For the radiopacity tests, the specimens were radiographed together with an aluminium stepwedge. The results were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey tests, with level of significance at 5%. The results showed that all materials presented similar antibiofilm activity (P > 0.05). The addition of nanoparticulated ZnO decreased the compressive strength of PC. All materials presented higher radiopacity than pure PC. It can be concluded that the addition of ZrO2 and ZnO does not interfere with the antibiofilm activity and provides radiopacity to Portland cement. However, the presence of ZnO (5% or 10%) significantly decreased the compressive strength of the materials.
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Khalil I, Naaman A, Camilleri J. Investigation of a novel mechanically mixed mineral trioxide aggregate (MM-MTA™). Int Endod J 2014; 48:757-67. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Khalil
- Department of Endodontics; Faculty of Dentistry; St Joseph University; Beirut Lebanon
| | - A. Naaman
- Department of Endodontics; Faculty of Dentistry; St Joseph University; Beirut Lebanon
| | - J. Camilleri
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; Faculty of Dental Surgery; University of Malta; Msida Malta
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Ermis RB, Yildirim D, Yildiz G, Gormez O. Radiopacity evaluation of contemporary resin composites by digitization of images. Eur J Dent 2014; 8:342-347. [PMID: 25202214 PMCID: PMC4144132 DOI: 10.4103/1305-7456.137644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the radiopacity of different composite resins and compare the values to those of human enamel and dentine. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five specimens of each material with thicknesses of 2 mm were prepared and radiographed alongside aluminum step wedge and human enamel and dentin. Three occlusal radiographs for each material were taken and digitized using a desktop scanner. Mean gray values of the test materials were measured using Image J software. Then a conversion was performed according to establish the radiopacity of the test materials, in millimeters of equivalent Al. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Duncan multiple range tests (P < 0.05). RESULTS The radiopacity values varied among the restorative materials (P < 0.05). The radiopacity values of the materials tested were, in decreasing order: Enamel Plus HRI > Z250 > Filtek Ultimate ≥ Z550 > Nexcomp ≥ Nanoceram Bright > enamel ≥ Estelite Sigma Quick > Clearfil Majesty Esthetic ≥ Reflexions XLS ≥ Aelite LS Posterior ≥ dentin ≥ 2 mm Al. CONCLUSION All resin composite materials investigated in this study presented different radiopacity values. However, all materials had radiopacity values greater than dentin and had sufficient radiopacity to meet International Organization for Standardization 4049 standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Banu Ermis
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkiye
| | - Derya Yildirim
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkiye
| | - Gul Yildiz
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkiye
| | - Ozlem Gormez
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkiye
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COSTA BC, CAMPOS CN, DUARTE MAH, CHAVES MDGAM, GRIZZO LT, TANOMARU-FILHO M. Análise físico-química do MTA e do cimento Portland associado a quatro diferentes radiopacificadores. REVISTA DE ODONTOLOGIA DA UNESP 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/rou.2014.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUÇÃO: O Mineral Trióxido Agregado (MTA) é composto por cimento Portland (CP) e um radiopacificador (óxido de bismuto).OBJETIVO: Avaliar tempo de presa, solubilidade, pH, liberação de íons Cálcio e radiopacidade do cimento Portland puro ou associado a quatro radiopacificadores (sulfato de bário, carbonato de bismuto, óxido de bismuto e iodofórmio), comparados ao MTA branco (Angelus, Londrina, Brasil).MATERIAL E MÉTODO: A proporção empregada CP/radiopacificador foi de 4:1 em peso, (80% de cimento Portland e 20% de radiopacificador). A especificação 57 da ADA foi usada para avaliação do tempo de presa. A solubilidade foi analisada segundo a especificação ISO 6876/2001. A avaliação do pH foi realizada com peagâmetro digital e a liberação de íons Ca++foi verificada por meio de espectrofotômetro de absorção atômica. A radiopacidade foi determinada em milímetros de alumínio (mm/Al). Os resultados foram submetidos aos testes de Análise de Variância e Tukey, nível de significância 5%.RESULTADO: O sulfato de bário não alterou o tempo de presa final do CP. Radiopacidade inferior ao mínimo recomendado pelas normas da ADA nº 57 e ISO 6876/2001 foi observada para CP e CP associado com sulfato de bário. O CP associado ao iodofórmio apresentou solubilidade acima dos 3% recomendados pela ISO 6876/2001. Todos os materiais proporcionaram alcalinização do meio e promoveram liberação de íons cálcio.CONCLUSÃO: Carbonato de bismuto ou óxido de bismuto proporcionaram tempo de presa inicial, solubilidade, pH, liberação de íons Cálcio e radiopacidade adequados quando associados ao CP.
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Dorileo MCGO, Pedro FLM, Bandeca MC, Guedes OA, Villa RD, Borges AH. Comparative analysis of physicochemical properties of root perforation sealer materials. Restor Dent Endod 2014; 39:201-9. [PMID: 25110644 PMCID: PMC4125584 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2014.39.3.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study evaluated the solubility, dimensional alteration, pH, electrical conductivity, and radiopacity of root perforation sealer materials. Materials and Methods For the pH test, the samples were immersed in distilled water for different periods of time. Then, the samples were retained in plastic recipients, and the electrical conductivity of the solution was measured. The solubility, dimensional alteration, and radiopacity properties were evaluated according to Specification No. 57 of the American National Standards Institute/American Dental Association (ANSI/ADA). Statistical analyses were carried out using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test at a significance level of 5%. When the sample distribution was not normal, a nonparametric ANOVA was performed with a Kruskal-Wallis test (α = 0.05). Results The results showed that white structural Portland cement (PC) had the highest solubility, while mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)-based cements, ProRoot MTA (Dentsply-Tulsa Dental) and MTA BIO (Ângelus Ind. Prod.), had the lowest values. MTA BIO showed the lowest dimensional alteration values and white PC presented the highest values. No differences among the tested materials were observed in the the pH and electrical conductivity analyses. Only the MTA-based cements met the ANSI/ADA recommendations regarding radiopacity, overcoming the three steps of the aluminum step wedge. Conclusions On the basis of these results, we concluded that the values of solubility and dimensional alteration of the materials were in accordance with the ANSI/ADA specifications. PCs did not fulfill the ANSI/ADA requirements regarding radiopacity. No differences were observed among the materials with respect to the pH and electrical conductivity analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fábio Luis Miranda Pedro
- Departament of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Cuiabá, Cuiaba, Mato grosso, Brazil
| | - Matheus Coelho Bandeca
- Departament of Prosthodontic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, CEUMA University, São Luis, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Orlando Aguirre Guedes
- Departament of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Cuiabá, Cuiaba, Mato grosso, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Dalla Villa
- Departament of Chemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences and Earth, Mato Grosso Federal University, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Alvaro Henrique Borges
- Departament of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Cuiabá, Cuiaba, Mato grosso, Brazil
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Goracci C, Juloski J, Schiavetti R, Mainieri P, Giovannetti A, Vichi A, Ferrari M. The influence of cement filler load on the radiopacity of various fibre posts ex vivo. Int Endod J 2014; 48:60-7. [PMID: 24611944 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To verify whether the filler load of luting agents influences the radiopacity of intraradicularly placed posts. METHODOLOGY Digital radiographs of the following posts were taken: RelyX Fiber Post (3M ESPE), GC Fiber Post (GC Corporation), DT Light Post Illusion (RTD), DT Light SL Post (RTD), Endo-Composipost (RTD), FibreKleer Parallel Post (Jeneric Pentron Incorporated), FRC Postec (Ivoclar Vivadent), Parapost Taper Lux (Còltene/Whaledent AG), Radix Fiber Post (Dentsply Maillefer), EverStick Post (Stick Tech Ltd), Dentin Post X (Komet), Tech 21 X-op (Isasan), ENA Post (Micerium). Post radiopacity was measured in millimetres of aluminium (mmAl) with reference to an aluminium step wedge. Two extracted contralateral premolars were root filled. After post space preparation, taking the midpoint of the post hole as a reference, each tooth was cut longitudinally into two halves in a mesiodistal direction. On each half, the exposed root dentine was ground flat to the deepest point of the post space, and an even layer of cement was placed and light-cured. To obtain a clinically relevant layer of cement, the material thickness was reduced to 75 μm by grinding with wet abrasive paper. A cement formulation with 30 wt% of filler was tested in one premolar, whilst a formulation with 70 wt% of filler was utilized in the contralateral tooth. Posts were then placed between the two facing root halves of each premolar, and radiopacity was measured in mmAl. Data were analysed using t-test for paired samples (P < 0.05). RESULTS Radiopacity of posts ranged between 1.44 (ENA Post) and 5.78 mmAl (FibreKleer). In the presence of the more heavily filled cement, significantly higher values of post radiopacity were measured (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The radiopacity of the luting agent contributed to the overall post radiovisibility within the root. Even when the cement with lower filler content was used in combination with the least radiodense dowels, the post was detectable within the root.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Goracci
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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23
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An SY, Lee DH, Lee KB. Evaluation of the Radiopacity of Contemporary Luting Cements by Digital Radiography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.14368/jdras.2013.29.4.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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24
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Comparison of the radiopacities of different root-end filling and repair materials. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:594950. [PMID: 24260018 PMCID: PMC3821955 DOI: 10.1155/2013/594950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the radiopacity of 3 repair materials, Biodentine, MM-MTA, and MTA Angelus. Standardized cylindrical rings were prepared. Samples of Biodentine MM-MTA and MTA Angelus were prepared (n = 10 in each group), filled into the rings, and preserved at 37°C until setting. A 1 mm thick dentin slice was used as control. All set specimens were removed and radiographed along with the dentine slice and a graduated aluminium step wedge. Digital images were transferred to the computer using a software. The radiographic densities of the specimens were determined, and the values were converted into millimetres of aluminium (mm Al). One-way ANOVA was used for intergroup comparison, whereas Tukey HSD test was used for detecting the group with the difference. The mean radiopacities of Biodentine, MTA Angelus, and MM-MTA were 2.8 ± 0.48, 4.72 ± 0.45, and 5.18 ± 0.51 mm Al, respectively. The radiopacity of Biodentine was significantly lower compared to other materials (P = 0.001), whereas no significant difference was noted between MTA Angelus and MM-MTA (P = 0.109). All materials had significantly higher radiopacities compared to dentine. The relatively lower radiopacity of Biodentine can be improved to achieve more reliable results in procedures such as retrograde fillings.
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25
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Investigation of the hydration and bioactivity of radiopacified tricalcium silicate cement, Biodentine and MTA Angelus. Dent Mater 2013; 29:580-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Altintas SH, Yildirim T, Kayipmaz S, Usumez A. Evaluation of the radiopacity of luting cements by digital radiography. J Prosthodont 2012; 22:282-6. [PMID: 23107317 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-849x.2012.00936.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the radiopacity of eight contemporary luting cements using direct digital radiography. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten specimens, (5 mm diameter, 1 mm high) were prepared for each material tested (RelyX ARC, RelyX U100, RelyX Unicem, Nexus 2, Nexus 3, Metacem, Breeze, Adhesor zinc phosphate). The specimens were stored in a moist chamber at 37°C until completely set, then radiographed using a Kodak digital sensor and an aluminum step wedge with variable thicknesses (1 to 13 mm in 1-mm increments) used for reference. A Kodak 2100 intraoral X-ray unit was operated at 60 kV, 7 mA, and 0.20 seconds. According to international standards, the radiopacity of the specimens was compared with that of the aluminum step wedge using the equal-density area tool of the Kodak Dental Imaging software (ver. 6.7). Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test. RESULTS Adhesor zinc phosphate cement showed the highest radiopacity of all materials and dentin. Breeze showed the lowest radiopacity (p < 0.05). No significant difference in radiopacity was observed between dentin and RelyX ARC, Nexus 2, or Metacem (p > 0.05). The radiopacities of Nexus 3 and RelyX Unicem were significantly higher than those of other resin cements and dentin (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS All materials showed radiopacity above the minimum recommended by the International Organization for Standardization and the American National Standards/American Dental Association. Breeze had less radiopacity than dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subutay Han Altintas
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon 61080, Turkey.
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Poorsattar Bejeh Mir A, Poorsattar Bejeh Mir M. Assessment of radiopacity of restorative composite resins with various target distances and exposure times and a modified aluminum step wedge. Imaging Sci Dent 2012; 42:163-7. [PMID: 23071966 PMCID: PMC3465758 DOI: 10.5624/isd.2012.42.3.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose ANSI/ADA has established standards for adequate radiopacity. This study was aimed to assess the changes in radiopacity of composite resins according to various tube-target distances and exposure times. Materials and Methods Five 1-mm thick samples of Filtek P60 and Clearfil composite resins were prepared and exposed with six tube-target distance/exposure time setups (i.e., 40 cm, 0.2 seconds; 30 cm, 0.2 seconds; 30 cm, 0.16 seconds, 30 cm, 0.12 seconds; 15 cm, 0.2 seconds; 15 cm, 0.12 seconds) performing at 70 kVp and 7 mA along with a 12-step aluminum stepwedge (1 mm incremental steps) using a PSP digital sensor. Thereafter, the radiopacities measured with Digora for Windows software 2.5 were converted to absorbencies (i.e., A=-log (1-G/255)), where A is the absorbency and G is the measured gray scale). Furthermore, the linear regression model of aluminum thickness and absorbency was developed and used to convert the radiopacity of dental materials to the equivalent aluminum thickness. In addition, all calculations were compared with those obtained from a modified 3-step stepwedge (i.e., using data for the 2nd, 5th, and 8th steps). Results The radiopacities of the composite resins differed significantly with various setups (p<0.001) and between the materials (p<0.001). The best predicted model was obtained for the 30 cm 0.2 seconds setup (R2=0.999). Data from the reduced modified stepwedge was remarkable and comparable with the 12-step stepwedge. Conclusion Within the limits of the present study, our findings support that various setups might influence the radiopacity of dental materials on digital radiographs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Poorsattar Bejeh Mir
- Dentistry Student Research Committee (DSRC), Dental Materials Research Center, Dentistry School, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Tanomaru-Filho M, Morales V, da Silva GF, Bosso R, Reis JMSN, Duarte MAH, Guerreiro-Tanomaru JM. Compressive Strength and Setting Time of MTA and Portland Cement Associated with Different Radiopacifying Agents. ISRN DENTISTRY 2012; 2012:898051. [PMID: 22957262 PMCID: PMC3432372 DOI: 10.5402/2012/898051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the compressive strength and setting time of MTA and Portland cement (PC) associated with bismuth oxide (BO), zirconium oxide (ZO), calcium tungstate (CT), and strontium carbonate (SC). Methods. For the compressive strength test, specimens were evaluated in an EMIC DL 2000 apparatus at 0.5 mm/min speed. For evaluation of setting time, each material was analyzed using Gilmore-type needles. The statistical analysis was performed with ANOVA and the Tukey tests, at 5% significance. Results. After 24 hours, the highest values were found for PC and PC + ZO. At 21 days, PC + BO showed the lowest compressive strength among all the groups. The initial setting time was greater for PC. The final setting time was greater for PC and PC + CT, and MTA had the lowest among the evaluated materials (P < 0.05). Conclusion. The results showed that all radiopacifying agents tested may potentially be used in association with PC to replace BO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Tanomaru-Filho
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14801-385 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Borges AH, Pedro FLM, Semanoff-Segundo A, Miranda CES, Pécora JD, Cruz Filho AM. Radiopacity evaluation of Portland and MTA-based cements by digital radiographic system. J Appl Oral Sci 2011; 19:228-32. [PMID: 21625738 PMCID: PMC4234334 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572011000300009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2009] [Accepted: 05/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to evaluate the radiopacity of Portland and MTA-based cements using the Digora TM digital radiographic system. MATERIAL AND METHODS The performed tests followed specification number 57 from the American National Standard Institute/American Dental Association (2000) for endodontic sealing materials. The materials were placed in 5 acrylic plates, especially designed for this experiment, along with a graduated aluminum stepwedge varying from 1 to 10 mm in thickness. The set was radiographed at a 30 cm focus-object distance and with 0.2 s exposure time. After the radiographs were taken, the optical laser readings of radiographs were performed by Digora TM system. Five radiographic density readings were performed for each studied material and for each step of the aluminum scale. RESULTS White ProRoot MTA (155.99±8.04), gray ProRoot MTA (155.96±16.30) and MTA BIO (143.13±16.94) presented higher radiopacity values (p<0.05), while white non-structural Portland (119.76±22.34), gray Portland (109.71±4.90) and white structural Portland (99.59±12.88) presented lower radiopacity values (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS It was concluded that MTA-based cements were the only materials presenting radiopacity within the ANSI/ADA specifications.
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Tanomaru-Filho M, Saçaki JN, Faleiros FBC, Guerreiro-Tanomaru JM. pH and calcium ion release evaluation of pure and calcium hydroxide-containing Epiphany for use in retrograde filling. J Appl Oral Sci 2011; 19:1-5. [PMID: 21437461 PMCID: PMC4245855 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572011000100002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2009] [Accepted: 05/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Hydroxyl (OH-) and calcium (Ca++) ion release was evaluated
in six materials: G1) Sealer 26, G2) White mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), G3)
epiphany, G4) epiphany + 10% calcium hydroxide (CH), G5) epiphany + 20% CH, and
G6) zinc oxide and eugenol. Material and Methods Specimens were placed in polyethylene tubes and immersed in distilled water. After
3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h, 7, 14, and 28 days, the water was assessed for pH with a
pH meter and for Ca++ release by atomic absorption
spectrophotometry. Results G1, G2, G4, and G5 had the highest pH until 14 days (p<0.05). G1 presented
the highest Ca++ release until 6 h, and G4 and G5, from 12 h through 14
days. Ca++ release was greater for G1 and G2 at 28 days. G6 released
the least Ca++. Conclusion MTA, Sealer 26, epiphany, and epiphany + CH release OH - and
Ca++ ions. Epiphany + CH may be an alternative as retrofilling
material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário Tanomaru-Filho
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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Marciano MA, Guimarães BM, Ordinola-Zapata R, Bramante CM, Cavenago BC, Garcia RB, Bernardineli N, Andrade FB, Moraes IG, Duarte MA. Physical Properties and Interfacial Adaptation of Three Epoxy Resin–based Sealers. J Endod 2011; 37:1417-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2011.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Revised: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Replacement of radiopacifier in mineral trioxide aggregate; characterization and determination of physical properties. Dent Mater 2011; 27:879-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2011.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2010] [Revised: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Cytotoxicity of Portland Cement with Different Radiopacifying Agents: A Cell Death Study. J Endod 2011; 37:203-10. [PMID: 21238803 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2010.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2010] [Revised: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Aguilar FG, da Fonseca Roberti Garcia L, Rossetto HL, Pardini LC, de Carvalho Panzeri Pires-de-Souza F. Radiopacity Evaluation of Calcium Aluminate Cement Containing Different Radiopacifying Agents. J Endod 2011; 37:67-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2010.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Revised: 09/23/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Pires de Souza FC, Pardini LC, Cruvinel DR, Hamida HM, Garcia LF. In vitro comparison of the radiopacity of cavity lining materials with human dental structures. J Conserv Dent 2010; 13:65-70. [PMID: 20859477 PMCID: PMC2936092 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.66713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2010] [Revised: 03/17/2010] [Accepted: 04/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To compare the optical densities (OD) of calcium hydroxide (CH) and glass ionomer cement with the same thicknesses of the dental structures. Materials and Methods: Eighteen specimens of each material, with thicknesses of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 mm were made in a Teflon matrix. To compare the radiopacity of the materials with the dental structures, dental cuts of the first molars, increasing in thickness from 0.5 to 3.0 mm, were obtained. To standardize the radiographs, a transparent acrylic matrix (Standardizing Device) was developed and used. Thirty radiographs were taken, five for each tested material. Results: Statistical analysis (Two-way ANOVA - Bonferroni, P < 0.05) demonstrated that when the materials were compared, there was statistically significant difference between the ODs, only for the thickness of 1.0 mm (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The thickness of the material contributed to its radiopacity, and these materials had to be used in a thickness between 1.5 and 2.0 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Cp Pires de Souza
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirao Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
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Camilleri J. Evaluation of the physical properties of an endodontic Portland cement incorporating alternative radiopacifiers used as root-end filling material. Int Endod J 2010; 43:231-40. [PMID: 20158535 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2009.01670.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the physical and chemical properties of Portland cement (PC) loaded with alternative radiopacifying materials for use as root-end filling materials in a mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)-like system. METHODOLOGY Portland cement loaded with barium sulphate, gold and silver/tin alloy was mixed with water, and the physical and chemical properties of the hydrated cements were evaluated. MTA and intermediate restorative material (IRM) were used as controls. The radiopacity was compared to the equivalent thickness of aluminium, and the setting time of the cements was assessed using an indentation technique. The compressive strength and the stress-strain relationship were determined at 28 days. The stress-strain relationship was determined by monitoring the strain generated when the cement was subjected to compressive load. In addition, the pH was determined in water and simulated body fluid for a period of 28 days. RESULTS The radiopacity of the cements using alternative radiopacifiers was comparable to MTA (P > 0.05). IRM demonstrated a higher radiopacity than all the materials tested (P < 0.05). All the cements with the exception of IRM exhibited an alkaline pH and had an extended setting time when compared to IRM. MTA had a longer setting time than the PC (P < 0.001), and its setting time was similar to the gold-loaded cement (P = 0.159). The addition of a radiopacifier retarded the setting time (P < 0.001) but did not have any effect on the compressive strength as all loaded cements had comparable strength to PC (P > 0.05). IRM was the weakest cement tested (P < 0.001). The cement loaded with gold radiopacifier had comparable strength to MTA (P = 1). The stress-strain relationship was linear for all the cements with IRM generating more strain on loading. CONCLUSIONS Within the parameters set in this study, bismuth oxide in MTA can be replaced by gold or silver/tin alloy. The physical, mechanical and chemical properties of the cement replaced with alternative radiopacifiers were similar and comparable to ProRoot MTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Camilleri
- Department of Building and Civil Engineering, Faculty for the Built Environment, University of Malta, Msida MSD, Malta.
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Camilleri J, Gandolfi MG. Evaluation of the radiopacity of calcium silicate cements containing different radiopacifiers. Int Endod J 2010; 43:21-30. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2009.01621.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Vivan RR, Ordinola-Zapata R, Bramante CM, Bernardineli N, Garcia RB, Hungaro Duarte MA, de Moraes IG. Evaluation of the radiopacity of some commercial and experimental root-end filling materials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 108:e35-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2009.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2009] [Accepted: 07/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Radiopacity of Portland Cement Associated With Different Radiopacifying Agents. J Endod 2009; 35:737-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2009.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2009] [Revised: 02/04/2009] [Accepted: 02/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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