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H S Delgado A, Belmar Da Costa M, Polido MC, Mano Azul A, Sauro S. Collagen-depletion strategies in dentin as alternatives to the hybrid layer concept and their effect on bond strength: a systematic review. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13028. [PMID: 35906302 PMCID: PMC9338246 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17371-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Strategies aiming to improve the longevity of resin-dentin adhesive interface developed so far have only been able to retard the problem. Different approaches are thus needed. The objective of this review was to determine whether the use of collagen-depletion strategies after acid-etching procedures may improve the bond strength of resin-based materials to dentin. A systematic review was planned following 2021 PRISMA statement guidelines, with a search strategy performed in five electronic databases: PubMed/Medline, Scopus, EMBASE, SciELO and IADR Abstract Archive (last search: 17/01/2022). Inclusion criteria encompassed studies which evaluated a collagen-depletion strategy in acid-etched human dentin and tensile/shear bond strength tests. Risk of bias assessment was carried out by two reviewers, working independently on an adapted five-domain risk of bias (RoB) checklist for laboratory studies. Results were synthesized qualitatively, as a meta-analysis was not possible due to limited number of studies and their RoB. A total of eight studies were eligible for inclusion in the systematic review after inclusion/exclusion criteria application. Out of these, two evaluated the effect of using NaOCl followed by an antioxidant, and the remaining six evaluated different enzymatic treatments (bromelain, chondroitinase ABC, papain, and trypsin). None of the studies reported a decrease of bond strength when a collagen-depletion strategy was used, in comparison to traditional hybrid layers (control). All enzymatic treatment studies which respected the inclusion criteria improved the bond strength to dentin. Some specific collagen-depletion strategies seem to play a favorable role in improving immediate bond strengths to dentin. Further research with sound methodology is required to consolidate these findings, since limitations in RoB and a low number of studies were found. The assessment of further proteolytic agents and long-term outcomes is also required.
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Affiliation(s)
- António H S Delgado
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz (IUEM), Campus Universitário, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511, Almada, Portugal. .,Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Madalena Belmar Da Costa
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz (IUEM), Campus Universitário, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511, Almada, Portugal
| | - Mário Cruz Polido
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz (IUEM), Campus Universitário, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511, Almada, Portugal
| | - Ana Mano Azul
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz (IUEM), Campus Universitário, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511, Almada, Portugal
| | - Salvatore Sauro
- Dental Biomaterials and Minimally Invasive Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
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Effect of Cavity Disinfectants on Dentin Bond Strength and Clinical Success of Composite Restorations-A Systematic Review of In Vitro, In Situ and Clinical Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010353. [PMID: 33396354 PMCID: PMC7794949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cavity disinfection becomes an important step before a dental restorative procedure. The disinfection can be obtained cleaning the dental cavity with antimicrobial agents before the use of adhesive systems. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review on the effect of different cavity disinfectants on restorations’ adhesion and clinical success. A search was carried out through the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Web of Science. In vitro and in situ studies reporting results on dentin bond strength tests, and clinical studies published until August 2020, in English, Spanish and Portuguese were included. The methodological quality assessment of the clinical studies was carried out using the Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Chlorhexidine could preserve adhesion to dentin. EDTA and ethanol had positive results that should be further confirmed. Given the significant lack of scientific evidence, the use of lasers, fluoridated agents, sodium hypochlorite, or other products as cavity disinfectants should be avoided. Chlorhexidine is a safe option for cavity disinfection with adequate preservation of adhesion to dentin. Moreover, future researches should be focused on the efficacy of these disinfectants against cariogenic bacteria and their best application methods.
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Celerino de Moraes Porto IC, de Sousa Gomes Costa JL, Nascimento da Silva Lopes MR, Duarte de Freitas J, Lins Macêdo de Oliveira I, Queiroz de Melo Monteiro G, Japiassú Resende Montes MA. Effect of dentin pretreatment with potassium oxalate: A 6-year follow-up. Microsc Res Tech 2017; 80:870-877. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Cristina Celerino de Moraes Porto
- Laboratory of Characterization and Analysis of Biomaterials; Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Alagoas, Campus A. C. Simões, University City, Tabuleiro dos Martins; Maceió Alagoas 57072-970 Brazil
| | - Joatan Lucas de Sousa Gomes Costa
- Laboratory of Characterization and Analysis of Biomaterials; Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Alagoas, Campus A. C. Simões, University City, Tabuleiro dos Martins; Maceió Alagoas 57072-970 Brazil
| | - Marcio Rafael Nascimento da Silva Lopes
- Laboratory of Characterization and Analysis of Biomaterials; Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Alagoas, Campus A. C. Simões, University City, Tabuleiro dos Martins; Maceió Alagoas 57072-970 Brazil
| | - Johnnatan Duarte de Freitas
- Department of Chemistry; Federal Institute of Alagoas, Rua Mizael Domingues; 75 Campus Maceió Maceió Alagoas Brazil
| | - Isabelle Lins Macêdo de Oliveira
- Faculty of Dentistry; University of Pernambuco; Av. General Newton Cavalcanti, 1650, Tabatinga Recife, Camaragibe Pernambuco 54753-020 Brazil
| | - Gabriela Queiroz de Melo Monteiro
- Faculty of Dentistry; University of Pernambuco; Av. General Newton Cavalcanti, 1650, Tabatinga Recife, Camaragibe Pernambuco 54753-020 Brazil
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Bahrololoomi Z, Dadkhah A, Alemrajabi M. The Effect of Er:YAG Laser Irradiation and Different Concentrations of Sodium Hypochlorite on Shear Bond Strength of Composite to Primary Teeth's Dentin. J Lasers Med Sci 2017; 8:29-35. [PMID: 28912941 DOI: 10.15171/jlms.2017.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of various concentrations of NaOCl on shear bond strength of composite resin to dentin of primary teeth, prepared with laser and bur. Methods: In this in vitro study, 48 primary molars were sectioned at mesiodistal direction and were randomly divided into 6 groups; G1: bur, G2: bur + NaOCl 2.5%, G3: bur + NaOCl 5.25%, G4: laser, G5: laser + NaOCl 2.5%, G6: laser + NaOCl 5.25%. One-Step Plus adhesive was applied after phosphoric acid gel and NaOCl over the dentin surfaces for all groups, and composite resin cylinders were bonded to the samples. After thermocycling, shear bond strengths of composite resin to dentin were measured and statistical analyses were done by means of t test and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: The mean shear bond strength showed no significant difference between the groups prepared with bur (13.82 ± 3.49) and laser (14.18 ± 3.65) (P > 0.05). The mean difference of shear bond strength between three groups G1, G2 and G3 and between G4, G5 and G6 were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) figures showed an irregular surface in laser groups and fairly complete removal of smear layer from the orifices of the dentinal tubules, in the group in which NaOCl was used. Conclusion: The application of different concentrations of NaOCl does not significantly improve the bond strength in dentin surfaces prepared with laser or bur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bahrololoomi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Azam Dadkhah
- Department of Pediatric, School of Dentistry, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
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Cortiano FM, Rached RN, Mazur RF, Vieira S, Freire A, de Souza EM. Effect of desensitizing agents on the microtensile bond strength of two-step etch-and-rinse adhesives to dentin. Eur J Oral Sci 2016; 124:309-15. [PMID: 27038226 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Desensitizers can be used to control postoperative sensitivity in adhesive restorations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of desensitizing agents on the bond strength of two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive systems to dentin. Forty-two human molars were sectioned to obtain 3-mm-thick dentin discs. The discs were divided into three groups (n = 14 in each) - no-treatment control group (CT), and oxalic acid [BisBlock (BB)] and calcium phosphate [Desensibilize Nano-P (NP)] desensitizers - before the application of two adhesive systems [Adper Single Bond Plus (SB) and One-Step Plus (OSP)]. A nanoparticle composite resin was used to create a 3-mm-thick build-up. The specimens were stored in distilled water for 24 h before a microtensile bond-strength test was performed. The failure modes were determined using a stereomicroscope at 100 × magnification. Specimens were sectioned perpendicular to the interface for scanning electron microscopy analyses. The CT-SB group exhibited the highest bond strength, differing significantly from BB-SB and BB-OSP groups. Mixed failures were prevalent for all groups. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a continuous hybrid layer and resin tags in all groups. Dentin bond strength of etch-and-rinse adhesive systems was reduced by an oxalic acid desensitizer but was not affected by a calcium phosphate-containing desensitizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda M Cortiano
- School of Health and Biosciences, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo N Rached
- School of Health and Biosciences, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Rui F Mazur
- School of Health and Biosciences, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Sergio Vieira
- School of Health and Biosciences, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Andrea Freire
- School of Health and Biosciences, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Evelise M de Souza
- School of Health and Biosciences, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
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Ferreira MBDC, Carlini Júnior B, Galafassi D, Gobbi DL. Calcium hypochlorite as a dentin deproteinization agent: Microleakage, scanning electron microscopy and elemental analysis. Microsc Res Tech 2015; 78:676-81. [PMID: 26031607 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruno Carlini Júnior
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Daniel Galafassi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Serra Gaúcha College-FSG, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Delton Luiz Gobbi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
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Tartari T, Duarte Junior AP, Silva Júnior JOC, Klautau EB, Silva E Souza Junior MH, Silva E Souza Junior PDAR. Etidronate from medicine to endodontics: effects of different irrigation regimes on root dentin roughness. J Appl Oral Sci 2014; 21:409-15. [PMID: 24212986 PMCID: PMC3881837 DOI: 10.1590/1679-775720130201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED An increase in dentin roughness, associated with surface composition, contributes to bacterial adherence in recontaminations. Surface roughness is also important for micromechanical interlocking of dental materials to dentin, and understanding the characteristics of the surface is essential to obtain the adhesion of root canal sealers that have different physico-chemical characteristics. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), ethylenediaminetetraacetic (EDTA), etidronic (HEBP), and citric acid (CA) associated with different irrigation regimens on root dentin roughness. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty-five root halves of anterior teeth were used. The root parts were sectioned in thirds, embedded in acrylic resin and polished to a standard surface roughness. Initially, the samples of each third were randomly assigned into 3 groups and treated as follows: G1 - saline solution (control); G2 - 5% NaOCl+18% HEBP mixed in equal parts; and G3 - 2.5% NaOCl. After initial measuments, the G3 samples were distributed into subgroups G4, G5 and G6, which were subjected to 17% EDTA, 10% CA and 9% HEBP, respectively. Following the new measuments, these groups received a final flush with 2.5% NaOCl, producing G7, G8 and G9. The dentin surface roughness (Ra) was determined before and after treatments using a profilometer. The Wilcoxon test (α<0.05) was used to compare the values before and after treatments, and the Friedman test (α<0.05) to detect any differences among root thirds. RESULTS (i) NaOCl did not affect the surface roughness; (ii) there was a significant increase in roughness after the use of chelating agents (P<0.01); and (iii) only the G3 group showed a difference in surface roughness between apical third and other thirds of the teeth (P<0.0043). CONCLUSION Only the irrigation regimens that used chelating agents altered the roughness of root dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita Tartari
- Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Federal University of Pará, BelémPA, Brazil
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Shafiei F, Doozandeh M. Impact of oxalate desensitizer combined with ethylene-diamine tetra acetic acid-conditioning on dentin bond strength of one-bottle adhesives during dry bonding. J Conserv Dent 2013; 16:252-6. [PMID: 23833461 PMCID: PMC3698591 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.111327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Elimination of water entrapment in hybrid layer during bonding procedure would increase bonding durability. Aims: This study evaluated the effect of oxalate desensitizer (OX) pretreatment on bond strength of three one-bottle adhesives to ethylene-diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA)-conditioned dentin under dry bonding. Materials and Methods: Three adhesive systems, One-Step Plus (OS), Optibond Solo Plus (OP) and Adper Single Bond (SB) were bonded on dentin surfaces under four bonding conditions: (1) Wet-bonding on acid-etched dentin, (2) wet bonding on EDTA-conditioned dentin, (3) dry bonding on EDTA-conditioned dentin, (4) dry bonding associated with OX on the EDTA-conditioned dentin. After storage and thermo cycling, shear bond strength test was performed. Data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance and Tukey tests. Results: Wet bonding with EDTA or acid etching showed similar bond strength for test adhesives. Dry bonding with EDTA significantly decreased the bond strength of OS, but it had no effect on the bonding of OP and SB. OX application in the forth bonding condition, in comparison with the third condition, had a negative effect on the bond strength of OP, but not influence on OS and SB. Conclusions: The use of an OX on EDTA-conditioned dentin compromised the bonding efficacy of OS and OP under dry bonding but compatible for SB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Shafiei
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Shiraz School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Bavbek AB, Goktas B, Cekic-Nagas I, Egilmez F, Ergun G, Eskitascioglu G. Micro-shear bond strength of resin cement to dentin after application of desensitizing toothpastes. Acta Odontol Scand 2013; 71:952-6. [PMID: 23098621 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2012.734422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of three desensitizing toothpastes on bonding of resin cements to dentin. MATERIALS AND METHODS The occlusal surfaces of 72 maxillary third molars were ground to obtain flat dentin surfaces and then divided into three groups according to three desensitizing toothpastes used: Sensodyne Rapid Relief (GlaxoSmithKline, SmithKline Beecham Ltd., Slough, UK), Signal Sensitive Expert (Unilever Sanayi ve Ticaret Türk A.Ş., Ümraniye, İstanbul, Turkey) and Colgate Sensitive Pro-Relief (Colgate Palmolive, New York, NY). Following bonding of the resin cement (Clearfil™ SA Cement, Kuraray Co, Osaka, Japan) to dentin, the specimens were light cured for 40 s with a LED (Elipar S10, 3M Espe, St. Paul, MN). The strength measurements were accomplished with a micro-shear testing machine (Bisco, Schaumburg, IL) at a cross-head speed of 0.5 mm/min until the failure occurs. Failure modes were examined using a stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope. The data were analyzed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey HSD test (α = 0.05). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION ANOVA revealed that the application of desensitizing toothpastes had significant effects on bond strength of the resin cement tested to dentin (p < 0.05). Mixed failures were observed in all of the groups. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The use of a desensitizing toothpaste before cementation might alter the bond strength of adhesively luted restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andac Barkin Bavbek
- Yüzüncü Yıl University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, Van, Turkey
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Lahmouzi J, Farache M, Umana M, Compere P, Nyssen-Behets C, Nammour S, Samir N. Influence of sodium hypochlorite on Er:YAG laser-irradiated dentin and its effect on the quality of adaptation of the composite restoration margins. Photomed Laser Surg 2012; 30:655-62. [PMID: 23075147 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2012.3249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims of this in vitro study were to evaluate: (1) the influence of 5% NaOCl application on Er:YAG-irradiated dentin; and (2) its effect on the quality of adaptation of the composite restoration margins. BACKGROUND DATA Previous research has shown that Er:YAG dentin irradiation produces a thermally affected tissue layer that results in lower bond strength than that of nonirradiated dentin. The removal of this thermally-affected layer may enhance the quality of dentin bonding. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-nine caries-free extracted human molars were transversely sectioned in order to totally expose the dentin. Four standardized cavities were created on the dentinal surface of each molar. First, two cavities were irradiated with Er:YAG laser (2.94 nm): 150 mJ, 10 Hz, variable square pulse (VSP) mode (100 μsec), beam diameter=0.9 mm, speed of irradiation=1 mm/sec, 20% air and 20% water. Then, one of irradiated cavities and one of nonirradiated cavities were treated for 30 sec with 5% NaOCl solution. Finally, they went through a standard bonding treatment for composite restoration, etching, bonding, and composite filling. We obtained four groups of cavities: (1) one control group of nonirradiated cavities not pretreated with NaOCl; (2) one group of nonirradiated cavities, pretreated with NaOCl; (3) one group of irradiated cavities, not pretreated with NaOCl; and (4) one group of irradiated cavities, pretreated with NaOCl. All samples were subjected to thermocycling. Every cavity was immersed into a 0.5% solution of methylene blue. The percentage of dye penetration (microleakage) in the composite-dentin interface was evaluated. Six molars were analyzed by scanning electron microscope. RESULTS Dye infiltration depth was significantly reduced in irradiated cavities treated with 5% NaOCl solution. CONCLUSIONS The application of a 5% NaOCl solution on Er:YAG irradiated cavities can significantly improve the marginal quality of composite bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamila Lahmouzi
- Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, 27 avenue des Platanes, Liège, Belgium.
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Effect of surface pretreatment with two desensitizer techniques on the microleakage of resin composite restorations. Lasers Med Sci 2012; 28:247-51. [PMID: 22696076 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-012-1128-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of two desensitizing procedures on the marginal microleakage of composite restorations bonded by a two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive. Class V cavities were prepared on the buccal surfaces of 42 extracted premolars at the cementoenamel junction and randomly divided into three groups of 14 each. In group 1 (control), an adhesive (Excite) was applied according to manufacturer's instructions. In group 2, after the application of oxalate desensitizer (BisBlock) to the cavities, the specimens were etched, and Excite was applied and light cured. In group 3, the cavities were treated with CO(2) laser irradiation (1 W power output in a continuous wave mode, 10 s), and then, the specimens were etched and bonded by Excite. All the cavities were restored with a resin composite. After water storage and thermocycling, the specimens were placed in 1 % basic fuchsin blue dye solution. The dye penetration was evaluated using a stereomicroscope. The data were analyzed by using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney statistical tests (α = 0.05). There was a significant difference among three groups at the gingival and occlusal margins (P < 0.05). The specimens treated with BisBlock exhibited higher microleakage at both margins than those of the control and laser-treated groups (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the control group and group treated with CO(2) laser at both margins (P > 0.05). CO(2) laser did not show a detrimental effect on the marginal sealing ability of the adhesive system used in resin composite restorations. However, oxalate desensitizer adversely influenced the sealing ability of the restorations.
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