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Paludo RLDR, Paula WVDF, Neves LC, de Paula LGF, de Lima NJ, da Silva BBF, Pereira BG, Pádua GT, Dantas-Torres F, Labruna MB, Martins TF, Sponchiado J, de Sousa-Paula LC, Hannibal W, Krawczak FDS. Rickettsial Infection in Ticks from a National Park in the Cerrado Biome, Midwestern Brazil. Pathogens 2023; 13:13. [PMID: 38251322 PMCID: PMC10818336 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This study was carried out from February 2020 to September 2021 in Parque Nacional das Emas (PNE), a national park located in the Cerrado biome, midwestern Brazil, as well as in surrounding rural properties. Serum and tick samples were collected from dogs, terrestrial small mammals, and humans. Ticks were also collected from the environment. Dogs were infested with Rhipicephalus linnaei adults, whereas small mammals were infested by immature stages of Amblyomma spp., Amblyomma triste, Amblyomma dubitatum, and Amblyomma coelebs. Ticks collected from vegetation belonged to several species of the genus Amblyomma, including A. coelebs, A. dubitatum, Amblyomma naponense, Amblyomma sculptum, and A. triste. Two Rickettsia species were molecularly detected in ticks: Rickettsia parkeri in A. triste from the vegetation and a Rickettsia sp. (designated Rickettsia sp. strain PNE) in A. sculptum and A. triste collected from lowland tapirs (Tapirus terrestris). Based on short gltA gene fragments, this rickettsial organism showed 99.7-100% to Rickettsia tillamookensis. Seroreactivity to Rickettsia antigens was detected in 21.9% of dogs, 15.4% of small mammals, and 23.5% of humans. The present study reveals the richness of ticks and demonstrates the circulation of rickettsial agents in one of the largest conservation units in the Cerrado biome in Brazil. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a rickettsial phylogenetically related to R. tillamookensis in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Loren dos Reis Paludo
- Setor de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás—UFG, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (R.L.d.R.P.); (W.V.d.F.P.); (L.C.N.); (L.G.F.d.P.); (N.J.d.L.); (B.B.F.d.S.); (B.G.P.); (G.T.P.)
- Centro Universitário de Mineiros—UNIFIMES, Mineiros 75833-130, Brazil
| | - Warley Vieira de Freitas Paula
- Setor de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás—UFG, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (R.L.d.R.P.); (W.V.d.F.P.); (L.C.N.); (L.G.F.d.P.); (N.J.d.L.); (B.B.F.d.S.); (B.G.P.); (G.T.P.)
| | - Lucianne Cardoso Neves
- Setor de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás—UFG, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (R.L.d.R.P.); (W.V.d.F.P.); (L.C.N.); (L.G.F.d.P.); (N.J.d.L.); (B.B.F.d.S.); (B.G.P.); (G.T.P.)
| | - Luiza Gabriella Ferreira de Paula
- Setor de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás—UFG, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (R.L.d.R.P.); (W.V.d.F.P.); (L.C.N.); (L.G.F.d.P.); (N.J.d.L.); (B.B.F.d.S.); (B.G.P.); (G.T.P.)
| | - Nicolas Jalowitzki de Lima
- Setor de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás—UFG, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (R.L.d.R.P.); (W.V.d.F.P.); (L.C.N.); (L.G.F.d.P.); (N.J.d.L.); (B.B.F.d.S.); (B.G.P.); (G.T.P.)
| | - Bianca Barbara Fonseca da Silva
- Setor de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás—UFG, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (R.L.d.R.P.); (W.V.d.F.P.); (L.C.N.); (L.G.F.d.P.); (N.J.d.L.); (B.B.F.d.S.); (B.G.P.); (G.T.P.)
| | - Brenda Gomes Pereira
- Setor de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás—UFG, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (R.L.d.R.P.); (W.V.d.F.P.); (L.C.N.); (L.G.F.d.P.); (N.J.d.L.); (B.B.F.d.S.); (B.G.P.); (G.T.P.)
| | - Gracielle Teles Pádua
- Setor de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás—UFG, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (R.L.d.R.P.); (W.V.d.F.P.); (L.C.N.); (L.G.F.d.P.); (N.J.d.L.); (B.B.F.d.S.); (B.G.P.); (G.T.P.)
| | - Filipe Dantas-Torres
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto Ageu Magalhães—IAM, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Recife 50740-465, Brazil;
| | - Marcelo B. Labruna
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo—USP, São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil; (M.B.L.); (T.F.M.)
| | - Thiago Fernandes Martins
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo—USP, São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil; (M.B.L.); (T.F.M.)
- Instituto Pasteur, Área Técnica de Doenças Vinculadas a Vetores e Hospedeiros Intermediários, Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo, São Paulo 01027-000, Brazil
| | - Jonas Sponchiado
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Farroupilha, Campus Alegrete, Alegrete 97541-000, Brazil;
| | - Lucas Christian de Sousa-Paula
- Tick-Pathogen Transmission Unit, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA;
| | - Wellington Hannibal
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Biogeografia de Mamíferos, Universidade Estadual de Goiás—UEG, Quirinópolis 75860-000, Brazil;
| | - Felipe da Silva Krawczak
- Setor de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás—UFG, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (R.L.d.R.P.); (W.V.d.F.P.); (L.C.N.); (L.G.F.d.P.); (N.J.d.L.); (B.B.F.d.S.); (B.G.P.); (G.T.P.)
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Tian Y, Kaufman PE, Taylor CE, Beati L, Lord CC. Variable Effects of Temperature and Relative Humidity on Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. (Acari: Ixodidae) Development. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 51:848-858. [PMID: 35639876 PMCID: PMC9389420 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvac027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. (Latreille, 1806) can establish populations in residences and may lead to severe domestic and peridomestic infestations. Detection in the early infestation stage is challenging because of their small body size and the lack of visibility when ticks stay in sheltered refugia. The residents may believe that the infestation has been eliminated when no ticks are observed until ticks reappear when seeking hosts. Thus, it is necessary to improve our understanding of tick phenology to achieve more effective infestation management. In this study, the relationships between environmental conditions and tick development were explored in laboratory and using linear and nonlinear models. Three R. sanguineus s.l. strains, from one colony of the temperate lineage and two of the tropical lineage, were evaluated for the development of all life stages and conversion efficiency index (CEI) under five temperatures and four relative humidities (RHs). The development times differed between the three tick strains across stages and were primarily dependent on temperature. The CEIs had little variance explained by temperature, RH, or strains. Compared with the linear and exponential models with temperature as the only variable, the Brière-1 model was the best approximating model for most of the developmental rates. The developmental temperature thresholds for R. sanguineus s.l. development estimated by the Brière-1 model varied inconsistently across strains and life stages. We developed a more predictive relationship between environmental factors and R. sanguineus s.l. development, which can be utilized to predict tick development using temperature and develop appropriate control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexun Tian
- Entomology and Nematology Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Vero Beach, FL, USA
| | - Phillip E Kaufman
- Entomology and Nematology Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Caitlin E Taylor
- Entomology and Nematology Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Lorenza Beati
- U.S. National Tick Collection, Institute for Coastal Plain Science, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA
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Nogueira BCF, Campos AK, Muñoz-Leal S, Pinter A, Martins TF. Soft and hard ticks (Parasitiformes: Ixodida) on humans: A review of Brazilian biomes and the impact of environmental change. Acta Trop 2022; 234:106598. [PMID: 35841953 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Records of accidental parasitism by ticks in humans from Brazil are scarce, with most being reported by researchers who are parasitized during their research and by professionals who work with animals. In order to compile these records, an extensive literature review was carried out. Our revision includes studies published between 1909 and 2022, including nine species of the Argasidae family and 32 species of the Ixodidae family that were reported biting humans in the six biomes of the Brazilian territory. The species with the highest number of records of human parasitism was Amblyomma sculptum, followed by Amblyomma coelebs, Amblyomma cajennense sensu stricto, and Amblyomma brasiliense. The Atlantic Forest was the most frequent biome where human parasitism occurred, probably due to the greater number of inhabitants, universities, and researchers in the region; however, this does not mean that this biome is more conducive to the development of ticks and their parasitism in humans. In addition to Amblyomma ovale, a vector of Rickettsia parkeri in the country, two of the main species that act as vectors of Rickettsia rickettsii, A. sculptum, and Amblyomma aureolatum, have been reported, which is quite worrying considering that the wide distribution of the species and life stages most frequently mentioned in parasitism (i.e., nymphs and adults) are the ones that favour pathogen transmission. This research provides a significant contribution to the knowledge of tick species associated with human parasitism in Brazil; however, due to environmental change potentiated by deforestation and fires, it is expected that there will be a geographic expansion of some tick species and the pathogens that use them as a vector and an increase in human parasitism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Artur Kanadani Campos
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Sebastián Muñoz-Leal
- Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Adriano Pinter
- Departamento de Laboratórios Especializados, Superintendência de Controle de Endemias, Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Thiago Fernandes Martins
- Departamento de Laboratórios Especializados, Superintendência de Controle de Endemias, Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil; Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil.
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Molecular detection and characterization of Anaplasma platys and Ehrlichia canis in dogs from the Caribbean. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2021; 12:101727. [PMID: 33865177 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Anaplasma platys is a tick-transmitted rickettsial pathogen, which is known to be the etiologic agent for cyclic thrombocytopenia in its primary canine host. Infections with this pathogen are also reported in cats, cattle and people. Similarly, Ehrlichia canis is another tick-borne rickettsial pathogen responsible for canine monocytic ehrlichiosis and is also reported to cause infections in people. We describe infections in dogs with these two pathogens on the Caribbean island of Grenada, West Indies by detection using molecular methods. We utilized a 16S rRNA gene-based PCR assay to detect both Ehrlichia and Anaplasma species by screening 155 canine blood samples from asymptomatic dogs. We found 18.7 % of the dogs to be positive for A. platys and 16.8 % for E. canis. Samples that tested positive for A. platys were further assessed by sequence analysis targeting 16S rRNA, 23S rRNA, citrate synthase (gltA) and heat shock protein (groEL) genes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed high correlation of A. platys 16S rRNA and gltA gene sequences with the geographic origins, while 23S rRNA and groEL gene sequences clustered independent of the geographic origins. This study represents an important step in defining the widespread distribution of active rickettsial infections in Caribbean dogs with no apparent clinical signs, thus posing a high risk for canine health and to a lesser extent to humans, as most dogs in the Caribbean are free-roaming.
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Backus LH, López Pérez AM, Foley JE. Effect of Temperature on Host Preference in Two Lineages of the Brown Dog Tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2021; 104:2305-2311. [PMID: 33819179 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-1376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhipicephalus sanguineus is a species complex of ticks that vector disease worldwide. Feeding primarily on dogs, members of the complex also feed incidentally on humans, potentially transmitting disease agents such as Rickettsia rickettsii, R. conorii, and Ehrlichia species. There are two genetic Rh. sanguineus lineages in North America, designated as the temperate and tropical lineages, which had occurred in discrete locations, although there is now range overlap in parts of California and Arizona. Rh. sanguineus in Europe are reportedly more aggressive toward humans during hot weather, increasing the risk of pathogen transmission to humans. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of hot weather on choice between humans and dog hosts among tropical and temperate lineage Rh. sanguineus individuals. Ticks in a two-choice olfactometer migrated toward a dog or human in trials at room (23.5°C) or high temperature (38°C). At 38°C, 2.5 times more tropical lineage adults chose humans compared with room temperature, whereas temperate lineage adults demonstrated a 66% reduction in preference for dogs and a slight increase in preference for humans. Fewer nymphs chose either host at 38°C than at room temperature in both lineages. These results demonstrate that risk of disease transmission to humans may be increased during periods of hot weather, where either lineage is present, and that hot weather events associated with climatic change may result in more frequent rickettsial disease outbreaks.
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Tick infestation in human beings in the Nilgiris and Kancheepuram district of Tamil Nadu, India. J Parasit Dis 2017; 42:50-54. [PMID: 29491559 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-017-0963-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thirteen human beings were infested with ticks at Sandynallah and Gudalur of the Nilgiris district and Mottur Suruvakkam of Kancheepuram district of Tamil Nadu from January 2016 to December 2016. The collected ticks were identified as Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides, Otobius megnini and Hyalomma isaaci. The tick infestation was observed more on the persons working with animals (sheep and goats) than those working in tea estate. The person infested with R. haemaphysaloides revealed erythematous papule (2 mm size) and inflammatory lesion up to 16 days whereas, the people infested with H. isaaci showed continuous itching and irritation for > 6 months and wound formation (0.5 cm) at the biting site. The people infested with O. megnini showed irritation, vomiting sensation and fever.
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Kobayashi A, Iwasaki H. Human feet bitten by multiple brown dog ticks, Rhipicephalus sanguineus. IDCases 2017; 9:8. [PMID: 28529887 PMCID: PMC5432671 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Kobayashi
- Division of Internal Medicine, Nanmei-kai Miyagami Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Iwasaki
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Fukui, 23-3 Shimoaizuki, Matsuoka, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
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