2
|
Virus-Associated Nephropathies: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231912014. [PMID: 36233315 PMCID: PMC9569621 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231912014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While most viral infections cause mild symptoms and a spontaneous favorable resolution, some can lead to severe or protracted manifestations, specifically in immunocompromised hosts. Kidney injuries related to viral infections may have multiple causes related to the infection severity, drug toxicity or direct or indirect viral-associated nephropathy. We review here the described virus-associated nephropathies in order to guide diagnosis strategies and treatments in cases of acute kidney injury (AKI) occurring concomitantly with a viral infection. The occurrence of virus-associated nephropathy depends on multiple factors: the local epidemiology of the virus, its ability to infect renal cells and the patient's underlying immune response, which varies with the state of immunosuppression. Clear comprehension of pathophysiological mechanisms associated with a summary of described direct and indirect injuries should help physicians to diagnose and treat viral associated nephropathies.
Collapse
|
3
|
Role of Th17 Cytokines in the Liver’s Immune Response during Fatal Yellow Fever: Triggering Cell Damage Mechanisms. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132053. [PMID: 35805137 PMCID: PMC9265354 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Yellow fever (YF) is an infectious and acute viral haemorrhagic disease that triggers a cascade of host immune responses. We investigated the Th17 cytokine profile in the liver tissue of patients with fatal YF. Liver tissue samples were collected from 26 deceased patients, including 21 YF-positive and 5 flavivirus-negative patients, with preserved hepatic parenchyma architecture, who died of other causes. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis were performed on the liver samples to evaluate the Th17 profiles (ROR-γ, STAT3, IL-6, TGF-β, IL-17A, and IL-23). Substantial differences were found in the expression levels of these markers between the patients with fatal YF and controls. A predominant expression of Th17 cytokine markers was observed in the midzonal region of the YF cases, the most affected area in the liver acinus, compared with the controls. Histopathological changes in the hepatic parenchyma revealed cellular damage characterised mainly by the presence of inflammatory cell infiltrates, Councilman bodies (apoptotic cells), micro/macrovesicular steatosis, and lytic and coagulative necrosis. Hence, Th17 cytokines play a pivotal role in the immunopathogenesis of YF and contribute markedly to triggering cell damage in patients with fatal disease outcomes.
Collapse
|
4
|
Arantes MF, Seabra VF, Lins PRG, Rodrigues CE, Reichert BV, Silveira MAD, Li HY, Malbouisson LM, Andrade L. Risk Factors for Acute Kidney Injury and Death in Patients Infected With the Yellow Fever Virus During the 2018 Outbreak in São Paulo, Brazil. Kidney Int Rep 2021; 7:601-609. [PMID: 35257072 PMCID: PMC8897308 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2021.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Methods Results Conclusion
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Márcia Fernanda Arantes
- Division of Nephrology, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victor Faria Seabra
- Division of Nephrology, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ricardo Gessolo Lins
- Division of Nephrology, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Eleuterio Rodrigues
- Division of Nephrology, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Vergara Reichert
- Division of Nephrology, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ho Yeh Li
- Intensive Care Unit, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Marcelo Malbouisson
- Division of Anesthesiology, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lúcia Andrade
- Division of Nephrology, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
- Correspondence: Lúcia Andrade, Division of Nephrology, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 3 andar, sala 3310, São Paulo, SP 01246-903, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang R, Tan P, Feng L, Li R, Yang J, Zhang R, Li J. External quality assessment of molecular testing of 9 viral encephalitis-related viruses in China. Virus Res 2021; 306:198598. [PMID: 34653568 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV), Western equine encephalitis virus (WEEV), Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), Hendra virus (HeV), Nipah virus (NiV), Yellow fever virus (YFV), West Nile virus (WNV), Saint Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) and Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) have been detected in travelers returning to China and potentially pose a serious threat to public health. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) plays an important role in the detection of these viruses. Although these viruses are not mainly prevalent in China, occasionally imported cases have been reported with the increase in population mobility and entry-exit activities. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the ability of major domestic laboratories to detect and identify exotic arbovirus infections in travelers. METHODS An external quality assessment program for the molecular detection of EEEV, VEEV, WEEV, SLEV, WNV, YFV, TBEV, HeV and NiV was organized. The assessment panel included 26 negative and positive samples with different concentrations of virus-like particles and distributed to 31 laboratories to evaluate the accuracy of virus detection. RESULTS At the laboratory level, 87.5% (7/8, EEEV), 85.7% (12/14, WEEV), 100% (13/13, VEEV), 87.5% (7/8, HeV), 76.5% (13/17, NiV), 92.6% (25/27, YFV), 81.3% (13/16, WNV), 100% (5/5, SLEV) and 75.0% (6/8, TBEV) of the participants were considered "competent". Of all the results, the false-positive and false-negative rates were 0.3% and 0.7%, respectively. The sensitivity of most detection assays (15/17, 88.2%) was more than 90%. In addition, we observed significantly different cycle threshold values when using primer-probe sets in different target regions to detect EEEV and SLEV. CONCLUSIONS Most laboratories have reliable virus detection capabilities. However, laboratory testing capabilities need to be improved to avoid cross-contamination and to better manage undetected false-negative samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Runling Zhang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, P. R. China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ping Tan
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, P. R. China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lei Feng
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, P. R. China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Rui Li
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, P. R. China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jing Yang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, P. R. China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, P. R. China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China.
| | - Jinming Li
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, P. R. China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fernandes NCCDA, Cunha MS, Guerra JM, Diaz-Delgado J, Ressio RA, Cirqueira CS, Kanamura CT, Fuentes-Castillo D, Catão-Dias JL. Yellow Fever as Cause of Death of Titi Monkeys ( Callicebus Spp.). Vet Pathol 2021; 58:730-735. [PMID: 33955292 DOI: 10.1177/03009858211009781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
From 2016 to 2018, an epidemic wave of yellow fever (YF) occurred in Brazil, affecting a large number of Platyrrhini monkeys. Titi monkeys (Callicebus spp.) were severely affected yet pathological characterizations are lacking. This study characterized epizootic YF in 43 titi monkeys (Callicebus spp.) with respect to the microscopic lesions in liver, kidney, spleen, heart, brain, and lung, as well as the distribution of immunolabeling for YF virus antigen, and the flaviviral load in the liver. Of 43 titi monkeys examined, 18 (42%) were positive for yellow fever virus (YFV) by immunohistochemistry or reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Affected livers had consistent marked panlobular necrotizing hepatitis, lipidosis, and mild inflammation, with intense immunolabeling for YFV mainly in centrilobular hepatocytes (zone 1; P = .05). In the spleen, consistent findings were variable lymphoid depletion (10/11), lymphoid necrosis (lymphocytolysis; 4/11), and immunolabeling for YFV in histiocytic cells (3/16). The main finding in the kidney was multifocal acute necrosis of tubular epithelium (5/7) that was occasionally associated with intracytoplasmic immunolabeling for YFV (6/15). These data indicate that titi monkeys are susceptible to YFV infection, developing severe hepatic lesions and high viral loads, comparable to humans and Alouatta spp. Thus, Callicebus spp. may be reliable sentinels for YF surveillance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Josué Diaz-Delgado
- 117328Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|