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Papri N, Islam Z, Ara G, Saha T, Leonhard SE, Endtz HP, Jacobs BC, Mohammad QD. Management of Guillain-Barré syndrome in Bangladesh: Clinical practice, limitations and recommendations for low- and middle-income countries. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2023; 28:564-577. [PMID: 37698165 DOI: 10.1111/jns.12597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Considerable variation in clinical practice for management of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) has been observed worldwide. Diagnosis and treatment are challenging in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) due to lack of facilities and treatment availability. We aimed to evaluate current clinical practice and limitations and to provide recommendation for GBS management in low-resource settings. METHODS We conducted an explanatory-sequential mixed-methods survey among neurologists and internists working in tertiary and secondary government hospitals in Bangladesh. There were two phases: (1) quantitative (cross-sectional survey to evaluate clinical practice and limitations); (2) qualitative (key informant interview to explain certain clinical practice and provide recommendations for GBS management in LMIC). Data were analyzed by frequencies, χ2 test and thematic analysis. RESULTS Among 159 physicians (65 neurologists and 94 internists), 11% and 8% physicians used Brighton and NINDS criteria respectively to diagnose GBS. Specific treatment protocols of GBS were used by 12% physicians. Overcrowding of patients, inadequate diagnostic facilities, high costs of standard therapy, and inadequate logistics and trained personnel for intensive care unit and rehabilitation services were considered major challenges for GBS management. In qualitative part, respondents recommended regular training for the physicians, development of cost-effective treatment strategies and appropriate patients' referral and management guideline considering existing limitations in health service delivery and socio-economic status of the country. INTERPRETATION Current study design and recommendations might be applied for other LMIC. Such data can assist policymakers to identify areas requiring urgent attention and take required action to improve GBS management in LMIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nowshin Papri
- Laboratory of Gut-Brain Axis, Infectious Diseases Division (IDD), icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Zhahirul Islam
- Laboratory of Gut-Brain Axis, Infectious Diseases Division (IDD), icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Gulshan Ara
- Nutrition Research Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Nutrition, Sports and Exercise, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tamal Saha
- Laboratory of Gut-Brain Axis, Infectious Diseases Division (IDD), icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sonja E Leonhard
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hubert P Endtz
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart C Jacobs
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Quazi D Mohammad
- National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Immediate adverse events to intravenous immunoglobulin in pediatric patients with inborn errors of immunity: A longitudinal study with a pre-infusion protocol. Hematol Transfus Cell Ther 2022:S2531-1379(22)00097-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.htct.2022.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Melo KMD, Alves LM, Valente CFC, Tavares FS. One-year intravenous immunoglobulin replacement therapy: efficacy in reducing hospital admissions in pediatric patients with Inborn Errors of Immunity. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2022; 98:190-195. [PMID: 34273274 PMCID: PMC9432171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2021.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the frequency of hospitalization in children with Inborn Errors of Immunity with antibody deficiency previous to intravenous immunoglobulin (pre- IVIG) with a one-year period after initial IVIG (post-IVIG). METHODS Medical reports of 45 patients during an eight-year period were reviewed from 2018 to 2019. Wilcoxon-test was used for related samples. RESULTS Forty-five children were included in the study, aged 29-249 months of age, and most of them (64.4%) were males. Median ages at onset symptoms and at diagnosis were 6 and 73 months old, respectively. Specific antibody deficiency and unclassified hypogammaglobulinemia were the predominant diagnoses (31.1% and 17.8%, respectively). X-linked agammaglobulinemia, Hyper IgE syndrome, Hyper IgM, transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy, and Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) were also reported, in a low frequency. Forty-four (97.8%) patients were hospitalized before IVIG, and 10 patients (22.2%) after. Annual mean hospital admission reduced from 2.5 to 0.5, pre and post-IVIG, respectively (p < 0.0001). Mean length of stay (LOS) reduced from 71 to 4.7 days/year (p < 0.0001) in general ward and in the PICU from 17.2 days/year to zero (p < 0.0002). Pneumonia was the main cause of hospital admission with a reduction in the number of episodes per patient from an average of 2.2-0.1 per year (p < 0.001). Concomitant use of antibiotic prophylaxis did not influence the number of hospital admission. CONCLUSION One-year intravenous IVIG significantly decreased the number of hospitalizations and length of stay in children with impaired antibody production. Social and economic impacts would be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Mescouto de Melo
- Hospital da Criança de Brasília José Alencar, Clínica de Alergia e Imunologia, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Macedo Alves
- Universidade de Brasília (UNB), Faculdade de Medicina, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Fabíola Scancetti Tavares
- Hospital da Criança de Brasília José Alencar, Clínica de Alergia e Imunologia, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Hospital Universitário de Brasília (HUB), Brasília, DF, Brazil
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Hémar V, Rivière E, Greib C, Machelart I, Roucoules M, Prot C, Pellegrin JL, Viallard JF, Lazaro E. A summertime pause in immunoglobulin replacement therapy: a prospective real-world analysis. Immunotherapy 2021; 13:1491-1499. [PMID: 34743547 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2020-0313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To describe the effects of a summertime pause (SP) in immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IgRT). Patients & methods: We conducted a prospective single-center observational study, including 44 patients undergoing intravenous IgRT between May and June 2019 in a French teaching hospital. Results: IgRT was interrupted in 23 patients from June to October. Patients who underwent an SP were older, more likely to have secondary immunodeficiency (SID) and received lower doses of immunoglobulin and more antibiotics during winter. Most patients who did not undergo an SP had severe primary immunodeficiency. The SP did not increase the risk of infection, improved the quality of life and reduced treatment costs. Conclusion: SP in IgRT is a safe practice and should be considered for patients with mild SID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Hémar
- Department of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases, Bordeaux Hospital University, Avenue de Magellan, Pessac, 33604, France
| | - Etienne Rivière
- Department of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases, Bordeaux Hospital University, Avenue de Magellan, Pessac, 33604, France.,FHU ACRONIM, Bordeaux, 33000, France
| | - Carine Greib
- Department of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases, Bordeaux Hospital University, Avenue de Magellan, Pessac, 33604, France
| | - Irène Machelart
- Department of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases, Bordeaux Hospital University, Avenue de Magellan, Pessac, 33604, France
| | - Manon Roucoules
- Department of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases, Bordeaux Hospital University, Avenue de Magellan, Pessac, 33604, France
| | - Camille Prot
- Department of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases, Bordeaux Hospital University, Avenue de Magellan, Pessac, 33604, France
| | - Jean-Luc Pellegrin
- Department of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases, Bordeaux Hospital University, Avenue de Magellan, Pessac, 33604, France.,FHU ACRONIM, Bordeaux, 33000, France
| | - Jean-François Viallard
- Department of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases, Bordeaux Hospital University, Avenue de Magellan, Pessac, 33604, France.,FHU ACRONIM, Bordeaux, 33000, France
| | - Estibaliz Lazaro
- Department of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases, Bordeaux Hospital University, Avenue de Magellan, Pessac, 33604, France.,FHU ACRONIM, Bordeaux, 33000, France
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Aranda CS, Guimarães RR, de Gouveia-Pereira Pimentel M. Combined immunodeficiencies. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2021; 97 Suppl 1:S39-S48. [PMID: 33340461 PMCID: PMC9432339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2020.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Inborn Errors of Immunity (IEI), also known as primary immunodeficiencies, correspond to a heterogeneous group of congenital diseases that primarily affect immune response components. The main clinical manifestations comprise increased susceptibility to infections, autoimmunity, inflammation, allergies and malignancies. The aim of this article is to review the literature on combined immunodeficiencies (CIDs) focusing on the diagnosis and treatment and the particularities of the clinical management of these patients. SOURCE OF DATA Critical integrative review, aimed to present articles related to primary immunodeficiencies combined with a searchin the PubMed and SciELO databases, with evaluation of publications from the last twenty years that were essential for the construction of knowledge on this group of diseases. SUMMARY OF DATA We highlight the main characteristics of CIDs, dividing them according to their pathophysiological mechanisms, such as defects in the development of T cells, TCR signaling, co-stimulatory pathways, cytokine signaling, adhesion, migration and organization of the cytoskeleton, apoptosis pathways, DNA replication and repair and metabolic pathways. In CIDs, clinical manifestations vary widely, from sinopulmonary bacterial infections and diarrhea to opportunistic infections, caused by mycobacteria and fungi. Neonatal screening makes it possible to suspect these diseases before clinical manifestations appear. CONCLUSIONS The CIDs or IEI constitute a complex group of genetic diseases with T-cell involvement. Neonatal screening for these diseases has improved the prognosis of these patients, especially in severe ones, known as SCIDs.
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Segundo GRS, Condino-Neto A. Treatment of patients with immunodeficiency: Medication, gene therapy, and transplantation. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2021; 97 Suppl 1:S17-S23. [PMID: 33181112 PMCID: PMC9432285 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To provide an overview of drug treatment, transplantation, and gene therapy for patients with primary immunodeficiencies. SOURCE OF DATA Non-systematic review of the literature in the English language carried out at PubMed. SYNTHESIS OF DATA The treatment of patients with primary immunodeficiencies aims to control their disease, especially the treatment and prevention of infections through antibiotic prophylaxis and/or immunoglobulin replacement therapy. In several diseases, it is possible to use specific medications for the affected pathway with control of the condition, especially in autoimmune or autoinflammatory processes associated with inborn immunity errors. In some diseases, treatment can be curative through hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT); more recently, gene therapy has opened new horizons through new technologies. CONCLUSIONS Immunoglobulin replacement therapy remains the main therapeutic tool. Precision medicine with specific drugs for altered immune pathways is already a reality for several immune defects. Advances in the management of HSCT and gene therapy have expanded the capacity for curative treatments in patients with primary immunodeficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Condino-Neto
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Imunologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Abstract
CD40 ligand deficiency (CD40L), currently classified as an inborn error of immunity affecting cellular and humoral immunity, prevalently emerges in boys within the first two years of life. It manifests itself as a decrease in serum IgG, IgA and IgE, with normal or high IgM, defects in T cell proliferation, and decrease in soluble CD40L. These accompany sinopulmonary and/or gastrointestinal infections, and there may be infections caused by pyogenic bacteria, opportunistic infections, autoimmune diseases, and neoplasms. Mild and moderate cases of this deficiency may respond well to prophylactic antibiotic therapy or to human immunoglobulin replacement therapy, in addition to the early treatment of infections. Severe cases can be treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, which allows the healing of such patients, rather than sequelae and a poor progression. Thus, its differential diagnosis with other inborn errors of immunity is essential, especially CD40 deficiency and variable common immunodeficiency; the reason why we have proposed the present literature review.
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Antunes PDSL, Tersariol HG, Veiga MMB, Menezes MCSD, Bernardi FDC, Forte WCN. NEUROENDOCRINE TUMOR IN A CHILD WITH COMMON VARIABLE IMMUNODEFICIENCY. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 38:e2018146. [PMID: 31778409 PMCID: PMC6909256 DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/2020/38/2018146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To report a case of a child with primary immunodeficiency who at eight years developed digestive symptoms, culminating with the diagnosis of a neuroendocrine tumor at ten years of age. Case description: One-year-old boy began to present recurrent pneumonias in different pulmonary lobes. At four years of age, an immunological investigation showed a decrease in IgG and IgA serum levels. After the exclusion of other causes of hypogammaglobinemia, he was diagnosed with a Common Variable Immunodeficiency and started to receive monthly replacement of human immunoglobulin. The patient evolved well, but at 8 years of age began with epigastrium pain and, at 10 years, chronic persistent diarrhea and weight loss. After investigation, a neuroendocrine tumor was diagnosed, which had a rapid progressive evolution to death. Comments: Medical literature has highlighted the presence of gastric tumors in adults with Common Variable Immunodeficiency, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and the investigation of digestive neoplasms. Up to now there is no description of neuroendocrine tumor in pediatric patients with Common Variable Immunodeficiency. We believe that the hypothesis of digestive neoplasm is important in children with Common Variable Immunodeficiency and with clinical manifestations similar to the case described here in the attempt to improve the prognosis for pediatric patients.
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Goudouris ES, Silva AMDR, Ouricuri AL, Grumach AS, Condino-Neto A, Costa-Carvalho BT, Prando CCDM, Kokron CM, Vasconcelos DDM, Tavares FS, Segundo GRS, Barreto ICDP, Dorna MDB, Barros MAMT, Forte WCN. Comment to: II Brazilian Consensus on the use of human immunoglobulin in patients with primary immunodeficiencies. einstein (São Paulo). 2017;15(1):1-16. EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2017; 15:522. [PMID: 29364371 PMCID: PMC5875174 DOI: 10.1590/s1679-45082017ce4250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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