Cultural adaptation, reliability and validity of Japanese Orthopaedic Association Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire to Brazilian Portuguese

Cross-cultural adaptation of The Japanese Orthopaedic Association Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire: A methodological systematic review

BACKGROUND

The Japanese Orthopaedic Association Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire (JOABPEQ) is a reliable and sensitive measure of disability to determine functional status and evaluate curative effects in low back pain, it has now been cross-cultural translated into many other languages and adapted for use in different countries. We aim to evaluate the translation procedures and measurement properties of cross-cultural adaptations of the JOABPEQ.

METHODS

Studies related to cross-cultural adaptation of the JOABPEQ in a specific language/culture were searched in PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, SciELO, PsycINFO, SinoMed, and Web of Science from their inception to March 2022. The Guidelines for the Process of Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Self-Report Measures and the Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Status Measurement Instruments guideline were used for evaluation.

RESULTS

Nine different versions of cross-cultural JOABPEQ adaptations in 8 different languages/cultures were included. The adaptation process was not strictly performed, such as standard forward translation and expert committee review were rarely reported. Content validity (8/9), floor and ceiling effects (3/9), reliability (4/9), and interpretability (6/9) were assessed in most of the adaptations, while agreement (2/9), responsiveness (2/9), and the internal consistency (2/9) were not. JOABPEQ can replace functional and quality of life score to reduce the burden of scientific research.

CONCLUSION

We recommend Persian-Iranian, simplified Chinese-Chinese Mandarin, Thai and Gunaydin G's Turkish adaptations for application. The numerical pain rating scale/visual analogue scale in low back pain and lower extremities, as well as numbness in lower extremities could not be neglected in JOABPEQ adaptations.

Structural validity of the Japanese Orthopedic Association back pain evaluation questionnaire in individuals with chronic low back pain

OBJECTIVE

The main aim of this study was to evaluate the structural validity of the Brazilian version of the Japanese Orthopedic Association Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire (JOABPEQ).

METHODS

Individuals with chronic low back pain were included. The data collection of the study occurred by means of online platform. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed. The theoretical version proposed for the JOABPEQ with five domains was tested. The following indices were considered to verify the fit of the model: comparative fit index (CFI), Tucker-Lewis index (TLI), root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), and chi-square/degrees of freedom (DF).

RESULTS

The final sample consisted of 175 volunteers, mostly women (68%), adults (mean age of 28.98 years), lean (mean body mass index of 25 kg/m2), with incomplete higher education, single, with mean of pain chronicity of 61.50 months and mean of pain intensity of 6.78 points on the Numeric Pain Scale. Regarding the structure of the JOABPEQ, the original version with five domains was adequate: chi-square/DF=1.52, CFI=0.954, TLI=0.948, and RMSEA=0.055. The factorial load ranges from 0.41 to 0.90.

CONCLUSIONS

This study confirms the structure of JOABPEQ with 5 domains (low back pain, lumbar function, walking ability, social life function, and mental health) and 25 items in individuals with chronic low back pain.

ADAPTATION AND TRANSCULTURAL VALIDATION OF THE BRAZILIAN VERSION OF THE BACK PAIN FUNCTIONAL SCALE

ABSTRACT Objective: The Back Pain Functional Scale (BPFS) was designed to evaluate the functional state of individuals with low back pain. The scale consists of twelve items, covering functional aspects of the daily life activities of these individuals. The final score is calculated by summing the responses to each item, the values of which range from 0 to 5, obtaining a total result of 0 to 60 points. Methods: The validation process was developed in accordance with the World Health Organization (WHO) protocol, covering translation, back translation, semantic equivalence, evaluation by specialists from previous stages, pre-test of the tool, and final version. Subsequently, the final version was applied in a sample of 90 individuals and the data obtained were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis, factorial analysis, evaluation of internal consistency, and correlation with other validated tools. Results: The tool was adapted to Brazilian Portuguese, making use of terms to approximate the language of everyday expressions. The final version presented results similar to those from the original version, as demonstrated by the factorial analysis, the internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha: 0.990), and the strong correlation with tools validated for the Portuguese language. Conclusion: The Brazilian version of BPFS proved to be easy to apply and understand, and presented high internal consistency and construct validity similar to that of the original instrument. Level of evidence 1B; Study of adaptation of a valid score.

Translation and Validation of the Hospital for Special Surgery Pediatric Functional Activity Brief Scale for French Paediatric Populations

Purpose: Physical activity level is a prognostic variable for patients with injuries. Self-report questionnaires exist to obtain these measures; however, they are not accessible to all populations because of language barriers. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to translate and validate the Hospital for Special Surgery Pediatric Functional Activity Brief Scale (HSS Pedi-FABS) for francophones. Method: We translated the HSS Pedi-FABS using the forward–reverse translation approach and validated it among bilingual adults and an expert panel before administering it to a paediatric population. A repeated-measures crossover design was used: forty-three middle school students, aged 13.1 (SD 0.75) years, were randomly administered either the English or the French questionnaire. Two days later, all participants completed the other version. The translated questionnaire was assessed for its convergent validity (Spearman’s r correlation coefficients [ rs]), internal consistency (Cronbach’s α), and reliability (standard error of measurement [SEM]). Results: All assessments had a significance level of p < 0.001 with an excellent Spearman’s r correlation coefficient between the participants’ total scores on the translated questionnaires ( rs = 0.911). The overall scores for the questionnaire and the individual items of the questionnaire revealed excellent internal consistency (α = 0.868) and reliability (SEM = 0.334). Conclusions: The validated and reliable translated questionnaire can be used by researchers and clinicians to assess physical activity levels in French paediatric populations.