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Silva JOS, Colaço-Fernandes TR, Costa AC, Carvalho LN, Takemoto RM. Effect of burrowing cymothoid parasitism on loricariids. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-PARASITES AND WILDLIFE 2021; 16:30-36. [PMID: 34401321 PMCID: PMC8350457 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2021.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cymothoids belong to the order Isopoda and are ectoparasites of fishes, and their main parasitism strategies are by penetrating, burrowing, and lodging in the abdominal cavity of the hosts. Due to this complex parasitism strategy, they are considered highly host-specific parasites. We investigated the effects of parasitism of the burrowing cymothoid Artystone sp. on the loricarids Hisonotus chromodontus and Curculionichthys luteofrenatus in the Selma stream, a tributary of the Teles Pires river, Southern Amazon. The hypothesis under study is that parasitism causes negative effects on the feeding, reproduction, and length-weight relationship of the hosts. The presence of alternative hosts was also investigated. The parasitic interaction of Artystone sp. with Curculionichthys luteofrenatus and Hisonotus chromodontus was monitored for one year with standardized monthly collections, and was found to be highly specific when there were no other parasitized fish species. Parasitic castration caused by Artystone sp. occurred in Curculionichthys luteofrenatus and Hisonotus chromodontus hosts, and there was a higher prevalence of infestation in females. The weight-length relationship was lower in parasitized Hisonotus chromodontus hosts, indicating a negative effect on somatic increment, although all hosts had fully replete stomachs and gastrointestinal tracts. The greatest standard-length values for both species were observed in the parasitized hosts. The presence of parasitized young specimens with undifferentiated sex and immature males and females suggests that the parasitic interaction in both species starts at a young age. Burrowing cymothoids have a negative effect on the weight-length relationship of hosts. Burrowing cymothoids can castrate the host. Burrowing cymothoids have high host specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Otávio Santos Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais - PEA, Universidade Estadual de Maringá - UEM, Av. Colombo, 5790, C.P 87020-900, Maringá, PR, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ictioparasitologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aqüicultura - Nupélia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá - UEM, Maringá, PR, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ictiologia Tropical – LIT, Instituto de Ciências Naturais, Humanas e Sociais, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso - UFMT, Campus Universitário de Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brazil
- Corresponding author. Laboratório de Ictiologia Tropical – LIT, Instituto de Ciências Naturais, Humanas e Sociais, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso - UFMT, Campus Universitário de Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brazil.
| | - Talles Romeu Colaço-Fernandes
- Laboratório de Ictiologia Tropical – LIT, Instituto de Ciências Naturais, Humanas e Sociais, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso - UFMT, Campus Universitário de Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Andressa Cristina Costa
- Laboratório de Ictiologia Tropical – LIT, Instituto de Ciências Naturais, Humanas e Sociais, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso - UFMT, Campus Universitário de Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais - PPGCAM, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso - UFMT, Campus Universitário de Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Lucélia Nobre Carvalho
- Laboratório de Ictiologia Tropical – LIT, Instituto de Ciências Naturais, Humanas e Sociais, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso - UFMT, Campus Universitário de Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais - PPGCAM, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso - UFMT, Campus Universitário de Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Massato Takemoto
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais - PEA, Universidade Estadual de Maringá - UEM, Av. Colombo, 5790, C.P 87020-900, Maringá, PR, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ictioparasitologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aqüicultura - Nupélia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá - UEM, Maringá, PR, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Comparada - PGB, Universidade Estadual de Maringá - UEM, Maringá, PR, Brazil
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Rosa FDAS, Baillie C, Medeiros TDN, Ready JS. Habitat and host associations of the fish‐burrowing parasite
Artystone minima
(Cymothoidae: Isopoda) in eastern Amazonia. Biotropica 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabricio dos Anjos Santa Rosa
- Centre for Advanced Studies of Biodiversity (CEABIO) Institute for Biological Sciences Federal University of Pará Belém Pará Brazil
| | - Charles Baillie
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment University of Salford Salford UK
| | | | - Jonathan Stuart Ready
- Centre for Advanced Studies of Biodiversity (CEABIO) Institute for Biological Sciences Federal University of Pará Belém Pará Brazil
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van der Wal S, Haug JT. Shape of attachment structures in parasitic isopodan crustaceans: the influence of attachment site and ontogeny. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9181. [PMID: 32596034 PMCID: PMC7306222 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Many fields of modern systematic biology are adult-centred. This is unfortunately also the case for Cymothoidae, an ingroup of parasitic forms of Isopoda, with fishes as hosts. Different ingroups of Cymothoidae have specialised appendages that enable their fish associated lifestyles, attaching to different sites on the body of the host. The extent to which these structures vary among species and in relation different sites of attachment, and between different ontogenetic stages, is explored here. This study presents the detailed descriptions, illustrations, comparisons, and analysis of a variety of attachment structures of 13 adult and immature specimens representing three major groups Ceratothoa, Elthusa and Anilocra, along with full focus, detailed photographs of all the examined life stages. The three groups exhibit different strategies attaching to mouth, gill and externally, respectively. A statistical representation of the morphology of the dactyli, used for attaching to the host, was performed. This included a critical comparison of 10 additional species documented in literature. This is the first comprehensive description and photographs of specialised appendage morphology of immatures of Ceratothoa, as well as the first detailed micrographs of embryonic stages of Cymothoidae, and the first lateral and ventral views of immature stages of the examined species. Immature specimens possess morphological characters that can be used to distinguish between different species, but cannot be accurately identified based on diagnostic characters of adults. Quantitative analysis indicates that ontogeny plays a major role in the shape of the attachment structures (e.g. dactyli).
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Affiliation(s)
- Serita van der Wal
- Zoomorphology Group, Department of Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Joachim T. Haug
- Zoomorphology Group, Department of Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
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New records of hosts for Excorallana longicornis and Nerocila acuminata (Crustacea: Isopoda) in brackish fish from the coast of the State of Amapá (Brazil), with an update on the geographic distribution of Nerocila acuminata. J Parasit Dis 2020; 44:420-428. [PMID: 32508417 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-020-01192-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish are parasitized by several species of crustaceans, including Cymothoidae and Corallanidae. The aim of this study was to investigate the crustacean parasite fauna in Anableps anableps, Amphiarius rugispinis, Bagre bagre, Cathorops spixii, Cynoscion acoupa, Centropomus undecimalis, Macrodon ancylodon, Mugil curema, Megalops atlanticus, Pseudachenipterus nodosus, Plagioscion squamosissimus, Platystacus cotylephorus, Sciades passany, Sciades herzbergii, and Hypostomus ventrimaculata from the coast of the State of Amapá, eastern Amazon. In addition, an update on the geographic distribution of Nerocila acuminata in Brazilian Amazon is present. A total of 204 fish were examined and prevalence was 16.17%. A total of 185 Excorallana longicornis and Nerocila acuminata were collected and E. longicornis was the most frequent parasite species. The community of parasitic crustaceans in fish species from the coast of the State of Amapá consisted of two species of isopods, E. longicornis and N. acuminata, which are new records for nine host species here studied. Lastly, this is the first record of Nerocila acuminata for Brazil, besides the first report of E. longicornis for M. curema, C. acoupa, H. vetrimaculata, A. anableps, A. rugispinis, C. spixii and S. herzbergii; as well as N. acuminata for A. anableps, P. nodosus, A. rugispinis, C. spixii and M. atlanticus.
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PLAUL SILVIAE, RODRÍGUEZ-HARO CECILIA, MARTORELLI SERGIOR, BARBEITO CLAUDIOG. Parasitism of the isopod Riggia puyensis Rodríguez-Haro et al. in two armored catfish from Pastaza Province (Ecuador). AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201920180849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- SILVIA E. PLAUL
- Servicio de Ictiopatología y Acuicultura, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias (FCV), Argentina; Laboratorio de Histología y Embriología Descriptiva, Experimental y Comparada (LHYEDEC), Argentina
| | | | | | - CLAUDIO G. BARBEITO
- Laboratorio de Histología y Embriología Descriptiva, Experimental y Comparada (LHYEDEC), Argentina
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Parasitism of the isopod Artystone trysibia in the fish Chaetostoma dermorhynchum from the Tena River (Amazonian region, Ecuador). Acta Trop 2016; 153:36-45. [PMID: 26466983 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The isopod Artystone trysibia Schioedte, 1866 is described by using a collection of specimens that were found parasitizing loricariid fish Chaetostoma dermorhynchum Boulenger, 1887 in the Tena River (Napo province, Ecuador, Amazonian region). Additionally to freshly collected specimens, complementary data of the parasite was obtained from preserved fishes at Ecuadorian museums. This is the first record of A. trysibia in Ecuador, and the most upstream location for the species. The new host fish, Chaetostoma dermorhynchum, is used locally as food.
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Muñoz G, Landaeta MF, Palacios-Fuentes P, George-Nascimento M. Parasites of fish larvae: do they follow metabolic energetic laws? Parasitol Res 2015; 114:3977-87. [PMID: 26193824 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4625-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Eumetazoan parasites in fish larvae normally exhibit large body sizes relative to their hosts. This observation raises a question about the potential effects that parasites might have on small fish. We indirectly evaluated this question using energetic metabolic laws based on body volume and the parasite densities. We compared the biovolume as well as the numeric and volumetric densities of parasites over the host body volume of larval and juvenile-adult fish and the average of these parasitological descriptors for castrator parasites and the parasites found in the fish studied here. We collected 5266 fish larvae using nearshore zooplankton sampling and 1556 juveniles and adult fish from intertidal rocky pools in central Chile. We considered only the parasitized hosts: 482 fish larvae and 629 juvenile-adult fish. We obtained 31 fish species; 14 species were in both plankton and intertidal zones. Fish larvae exhibited a significantly smaller biovolume but larger numeric and volumetric densities of parasites than juvenile-adult fish. Therefore, fish larvae showed a large proportion of parasite biovolume per unit of body host (cm(3)). However, the general scaling of parasitological descriptors and host body volume were similar between larvae and juvenile-adult fish. The ratio between the biovolume of parasites and the host body volume in fish larvae was similar to the proportion observed in castrator parasites. Furthermore, the ratios were different from those of juvenile-adult fish, which suggests that the presence of parasites implies a high energetic cost for fish larvae that would diminish the fitness of these small hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Muñoz
- Laboratorio de Parasitología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Valparaíso, P.O. 5080, Viña del Mar, Chile.
| | - Mauricio F Landaeta
- Laboratorio de Ictioplancton (LABITI), Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Pamela Palacios-Fuentes
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias, Mención Ecología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario George-Nascimento
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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Oda FH, da Graça RJ, Tencatt LFC, Tavares LER, Froehlich O, Takemoto RM. The Poorly KnownRiggia acuticaudata(Crustacea: Isopoda) ParasitizingAncistrussp. (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Paraguay River Basin, Brazil, with Comments on its Reproductive Biology. COMP PARASITOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1654/4738.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Gomiero LM, Souza UP, Braga FMS. Condition factor of Astyanax intermedius Eigenmann, 1908 (OSTEICHTHYES, CHARACIDAE) parasitised by Paracymothoa astyanaxi Lemos de Castro, 1955 (CRUSTACEA, CYMOTHOIDAE) in the Grande River, Serra do Mar State Park - Santa Virgínia Unit, São Paulo, Brazil. BRAZ J BIOL 2012; 72:379-88. [DOI: 10.1590/s1519-69842012000200020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work the length-weight relationship and the condition factor of Astyanax intermedius parasitised and not by Paracymothoa astyanaxi were analysed in the Grande River. The length-weight relationship was estimated for females, males and immatures, and seasonally for the fishes and the parasites through the expression W = aLb. The condition factor of non-parasitised specimens differed seasonally and between sexes, contrasting with the results for parasitised fishes which showed no differences between sexes and season. The condition factor of non-parasitised specimens was higher than that of the parasitised fishes. Specimens of Astyanax intermedius parasitised do not have the same biotic conditions compared to non-parasitised individuals, in which the condition factor was similar over the years. In conclusion, parasitism by P. astyanaxi has deleterious effects on this host population which may cause changes in the reproductive and food dynamics of parasitised specimens due to low body conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - UP Souza
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Brazil
| | - FMS Braga
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Brazil
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Trubiroha A, Kroupova H, Wuertz S, Frank SN, Sures B, Kloas W. Naturally-induced endocrine disruption by the parasite Ligula intestinalis (Cestoda) in roach (Rutilus rutilus). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2010; 166:234-40. [PMID: 19723526 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2009.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2009] [Revised: 08/18/2009] [Accepted: 08/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fish represent the most frequently used vertebrate class for the investigation of endocrine disruption (ED) in wildlife. However, field studies are complicated by exposure scenarios involving a variety of anthropogenic and natural influences interfering with the endocrine system. One natural aspect rarely considered in ecotoxicological studies is how parasites modulate host physiology. Therefore, investigations were carried out to characterise the impacts of the parasitic tapeworm Ligula intestinalis on plasma sex steroid levels and expression of key genes associated with the reproduction in roach (Rutilus rutilus), a sentinel species for wildlife ED research. Parasitisation by L. intestinalis suppressed gonadal development in both genders of roach and analysis of plasma sex steroids revealed substantially lower levels of 17beta-oestradiol (E2) and 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) in infected females as well as E2, 11-KT, and testosterone in infected males. Consistently, in both, infected females and males, expression of the oestrogen dependent genes such as vitellogenin and brain-type aromatase in liver and brain was reduced. Furthermore, parasitisation differentially modulated mRNA expression of the oestrogen and androgen receptors in brain and liver. Most prominently, liver expression of oestrogen receptor 1 was reduced in infected females but not in males, whereas expression of oestrogen receptor 2a was up-regulated in both genders. Further, insulin-like growth factor 1 mRNA in the liver was increased in infected females but not in males. Despite severe impacts on plasma sex steroids and pituitary gonadotropin expression, brain mRNA levels of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) precursors encoding GnRH2 and GnRH3 were not affected by L. intestinalis-infection. In summary, the present results provide basic knowledge of the endocrine system in L. intestinalis-infected roach and clearly demonstrate that parasites can cause ED in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achim Trubiroha
- Department of Aquaculture and Ecophysiology, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Müggelseedamm 310, D-12587 Berlin, Germany.
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Fogelman RM, Kuris AM, Grutter AS. Parasitic castration of a vertebrate: Effect of the cymothoid isopod, Anilocra apogonae, on the five-lined cardinalfish, Cheilodipterus quinquelineatus. Int J Parasitol 2009; 39:577-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2008.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2008] [Revised: 09/26/2008] [Accepted: 10/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Lins DC, Meirelles ME, Malm O, Lima NRW. Mercury concentration in the freshwater bonefish Cyphocharax gilbert (Curimatidae) and its parasite the crustacean Riggia paranensis (Cymothoidae). NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY 2008. [DOI: 10.1590/s1679-62252008000200017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fish parasites can accumulate heavy metals reaching higher concentrations than the host and may affect the host's bioaccumulation. The present study compared total mercury concentration in the liver and muscle of Cyphocharax gilbert and in the parasite Riggia paranensis sampled in the middle Itabapoana River, Brazil, also considering the reproductive stages of both fish and parasite. Mean concentrations of mercury in muscle of fish varied from 20.8 ng.g-1 in mature females to 38.1 ng.g-1 in post-spawning females. The mean concentrations in fish liver varied from 60.9 ng/g in post-spawning females to 110.4 ng.g-1 in infested males. The mean concentration of mercury in parasites varied from 26.2 ng.g-1 in specimens carrying early embryo to 39.5 ng.g-1 in specimens with eggs. Positive and significant associations (P<0.05) were found between the total mercury concentrations in parasites and muscle of host (both females and males), and between concentrations in parasites and in the liver of male hosts. These results suggest that R. paranensis can be used to indicate mercury levels in edible parts of C. gilbert.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Olaf Malm
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Lima NRW, Azevedo JDS, Silva LGD, Dansa-Petretski M. Parasitic castration, growth, and sex steroids in the freshwater bonefish Cyphocharax gilbert (Curimatidae) infested by Riggia paranensis (Cymothoidea). NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY 2007. [DOI: 10.1590/s1679-62252007000400006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cyphocharax gilbert shows parasitic castration when infested by the crustacean Riggia paranensis, being unable to reproduce. Fish were sampled in the middle rio Itabapoana, Brazil, to study the prevalence of parasitism, growth, and sex steroid concentrations, considering the body size, sex, and reproductive condition of specimens. Most of the fish analyzed were infested (56.0%). The presence of two lines on the scales was more frequent among infested fish (22.0%) than among fish without parasites (12.0% for females and 10.0% for males). The occurrence of three lines on the scales was rare (3.5% among infested and 2.0% among females without parasites). These results suggest that growth of the host is faster than that of non infested fish. The serum concentrations of sex steroids from fish without parasites varied at different gonadal development stages (17 beta-estradiol: 60.0 to 976.7 pg/ml; total testosterone: 220.0 to 3,887.7 pg/ml). All infested fish had lower levels of the two sex steroids and undeveloped gonads. Sex steroids levels in infested females were close to those in females at post-spawning stages. Total testosterone concentrations of infested males were below those of males at early gonadal maturation stage. These results suggest that R. paranensis reduces the reproductive capacity of C. gilbert by affecting the host endocrine system.
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