Giant cell tumor of the rib occupying the entire hemithorax

Giant Cell Tumor of the Rib: A Report of Two Patients

Giant cell tumor of the bone is a locally aggressive and rarely metastasizing tumor that typically affects the ends of long bones. Less than 1% of giant cell tumor of bone occur in the ribs. Our patients were a 32-year-old woman and a 45-year-old man and were detected following chest traumas. No bone alterations were detected in radiological studies performed immediately after local trauma. Six- and one- months, respectively, following chest trauma, both giant lytic heterogeneous masses arising on an anterior rib arc were radiologically observed. In the computerized tomography-guided needle biopsy, giant cell tumor of bone were diagnosed. Both tumors were completely removed by bloc resection including the adjacent ribs and posterior reconstruction were performed. One patient was preoperatively treated with denosumab. Neither local recurrences nor metastasis have been detected in follow-up. Despite its low frequency and its low degree of suspicion, giant cell tumor of bone should be included in the differential diagnosis of a rapid growing chest mass.

Surgical management of rare benign tumors of the sternum

Primary benign tumors of the sternum are an exceedingly rare entity. Surgical techniques regarding intervention for these lesions are not clearly defined in the literature given their scarcity. Operative techniques include en-bloc resection of the tumor, and this has proven to be successful in preventing local recurrence despite benign nature of the lesion. Given the often extensive defect created by the excision, reconstruction is frequently necessary; depending on the size of the defect, either autologous bone grafting or the use of synthetic materials may be indicated. This study serves to present two cases of rare primary benign tumors of the sternum, giant cell tumors and osteoma spongiosum and to summarize the available literature. We present a review of the literature of 17sternal giant cell tumor cases reported so far including our patient and unique case of osteoma spongiosum of the sternum, that discusses their surgical management, as well as reconstructive techniques that provided an excellent clinical result and a lack of recurrence on long term follow-up.

Unusual Location of a Giant Cell Tumour

Giant cell tumours (GCT) are rare aggressive non-cancerous tumours which usually affect the long bones. We describe a case of GCT of the first rib in a young woman without a relevant history. The patient presented a left cervico-thoracic mass which was biopsied in our department (CT-guided biopsy). She was referred to the thoracic surgery department after histological results.

LEARNING POINTS

Giant cell tumours (CGT) are benign tumours that usually occur on long bones with costal localization being a rare entity.Ultrasound can be a useful tool to assess the nature of the lesion.Diagnosis is based on lesion biopsy, but aggressive surgical resection can be performed.CGT should be considered in the differential diagnosis of costal tumours.

The Spectrum of Rib Neoplasms in Adults: A Practical Approach and Multimodal Imaging Review

OBJECTIVE. Adult neoplasms of the ribs are a heterogeneous group consisting of both benign and aggressive entities. Rib neoplasms have a variety of overlapping imaging features, with much of the imaging data disjointed across the musculoskeletal, thoracic, and oncologic imaging literature. Arrival at accurate diagnosis can therefore be quite challenging. This article consolidates this information and introduces the reader to an algorithmic approach to rib lesion evaluation based on imaging. CONCLUSION. Rib neoplasms are a diverse group of benign and malignant entities, which often makes determining an accurate diagnosis challenging. Evaluation requires a multipronged approach that incorporates radiographic imaging features, nonradiographic imaging findings, lesion location, and clinical data.

Rare gigantic giant cell tumor of anterior ribs in a young lady

Any mass arising from the breast region need not to be breast carcinoma! A rapidly growing mass from the chest wall need not to be highly malignant! The present case report defines the thin line between the two extremes and high lightens the importance of a good clinical examination followed by a judicial management. The lady in question had a huge Giant cell tumor in the Anterior arc of ribs which is quite rare, making it the second largest tumor been reported so far and the largest in Asia. The patient was referred to us by the Department of Thoracic Surgery in view of the aggressive nature of the lesion and the requirement of a major reconstructive surgery for the chest wall. The reconstructive procedure chosen was time tested and not new yet not so popular in the present time. It could cover such a huge chest wall defect with minimum morbidity and good results.

Aggressive giant cell tumor of the anterior arc of the rib

Giant cell tumor of bone also known as osteoclastoma is a distinct clinical, roentgenographic and pathologic entity with specific characteristics. It is a benign but locally aggressive neoplasm, classically seen as a purely lytic lesion of the epiphyseal or metaphyseal-epiphyseal region of long tubular bones extending to the articular surface. It usually occurs after skeletal maturation and is one of the rare bone tumors that more frequently affects women. Even though rarely it can occur in ribs, it usually occurs in the posterior aspect. We report here a case of giant cell tumor originating from the anterior arc of the rib diagnosed on fine needle aspiration cytology.

Giant cell tumor of rib arising anteriorly as a large inframammary mass: a case report and review of the literature

Introduction. Giant cell tumor of the bone is a rare benign lesion that infrequently affects the ribs, and if present, is usually located posteriorly. The rarity of this tumor poses diagnostic and therapeutic problems for physicians, especially when it is located in the anterior arc of the rib in close proximity to the breasts in female patients. Case Presentation. We report the case of a 32-year-old Asian female with a giant cell tumor of her anterior rib, presenting as a large inframammary mass. Computed tomography showed a tumor arising from the 7th rib anteriorly with marginal sclerosis, cortical destruction, and a soft tissue mass. She was treated with surgical resection, and the defect was reconstructed primarily. The surgical specimen measured 28.0 × 24.0 cm. The microscopic examination showed a large number of multinucleate giant cells scattered over the parenchyma. Patient recovered uneventfully and continues to be recurrence-free six years after surgical resection. Conclusion. We report the largest known case of giant cell tumor arising from the anterior aspect of a rib. We recommend including giant cell tumor in the differential diagnosis of chest wall masses especially in female patients, regardless of the size on clinical examination.

Giant cell tumor expanded into the thoracic cavity with spinal involvement

This article describes a case of a giant cell tumor that expanded into the thoracic cavity and through the spinal canal into the vertebrae. A 36-year-old man presented with a 6-month history of back pain and dyspnea. Plain chest radiographs showed a huge mass accompanied by right pleural effusion. The mass involved the 12th thoracic spine, and the spinal cord was severely compressed. The tumor was resected with a 2-stage procedure. As a first stage to separate the tumor from the anterior vital structures under direct vision, thoracic surgeons performed a right thoracotomy with chest wall reconstruction from the 8th to 11th ribs. The right lung and inferior vena cava were gently retracted, and the tumor was carefully detached from these structures. We were not able to separate the tumor from the right diaphragm due to severe invasion; therefore, we performed partial resection of the right diaphragm with the tumor. After excision of the anterior part of the tumor, the thoracic wall was reconstructed with the right eighth rib and Marlex mesh. When the patient's general condition improved 2 weeks later, spondylectomy by posterior approach was performed. We achieved excision of a giant cell tumor that had expanded into the thoracic cavity and through the spinal canal into the vertebrae. The patient had achieved full rehabilitation with no neurological or respiratory abnormalities at 7 years postoperatively.

GIANT CELL TUMOR IN THE PROXIMAL PHALANX WITH PULMONARY METASTASIS: CASE REPORT AND LITERATURE REVIEW

This is a case report on a giant cell tumor (GCT) in the proximal phalanx of the third finger of the left hand, with pulmonary metastasis. The patient presented pain in the finger without any previous history of trauma. Clinical examination, radiographic imaging and magnetic resonance imaging were carried out. A histological evaluation was carried out from an incisional biopsy, taking the hypothesis of GCT. The patient underwent amputation of the finger and the diagnosis was confirmed by means of microscopy on the specimen. The patient was followed up because of the risk of lung metastasis, which was shown by radiographic examination and computed tomography on the chest, and thoracotomy was performed. Since then, there has been an improvement in the symptoms that had been reported preoperatively, and no local recurrence or new metastasis has been found.