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Santos ECBD, Silva HJD, Correia ARC, Portella PRDLG, Cunha DAD. Quantitative evaluation of tongue pressure in children with oral breathing. REVISTA CEFAC 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0216/20192126318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective: to quantify tongue pressure in children with oral breathing and to describe their respiratory clinical manifestations, comparing them to the objective evaluation Methods: the study was performed with 60 children, four to nine years old, treated at the outpatient clinics of the Pernambuco Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Pernambuco, distributed into two groups, with and without oral breathing. The collection consisted of a survey of respiratory clinical manifestations, application of the protocol on respiratory mode and assessment of tongue pressure, using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI). Results: male predominance and correlation between diagnosis of allergic rhinitis and/or nasal obstruction and the clinical diagnosis of oral breathing were observed. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups for usual position of open lips, open mouth, sagging facial expression muscles, narrow nostrils, shortened upper and everted lower lip. The mean tongue pressure in children with oral and nasal breathing presented a mean of 38.27 Kpa and 53.73 Kpa, respectively. Conclusion: tongue pressure decreased in children with oral breathing, corroborating that which is reported in the literature. There was agreement between the results of respiratory clinical characteristics and the objective evaluation.
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Milanesi JDM, Berwig LC, Schuch LH, Ritzel RA, Silva AMTD, Corrêa ECR. Nasal patency and otorhinolaryngologic-orofacial features in children. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2017; 85:83-91. [PMID: 29233518 PMCID: PMC9442814 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nasal obstruction is a common symptom in childhood, related to rhinitis and pharyngeal tonsil hypertrophy. In the presence of nasal obstruction, nasal patency may be reduced, and nasal breathing is replaced by mouth breathing. Orofacial and otorhinolaryngologic changes are related to this breathing mode. Objective evaluation of upper airways may be obtained through nasal patency measurement. OBJECTIVE To compare nasal patency and otorhinolaryngologic-orofacial features in children. METHODS One hundred and twenty three children, 6-12 year-old, and of both sexes underwent speech therapy evaluation, according to Orofacial Myofunctional Evaluation protocol, clinical and endoscopic otorhinolaryngologic examination and nasal patency measurement, using the absolute and predicted (%) peak nasal inspiratory flow values. RESULTS Lower values of absolute and estimated peak nasal inspiratory flow values were found in children with restless sleep (p=0.006 and p=0.002), nasal obstruction report (p=0.027 and p=0.023), runny nose (p=0.004 and p=0.012), unsystematic lip closure during mastication (p=0.040 and p=0.026), masticatory speed reduced (p=0.006 and p=0.008) and altered solid food swallowing (p=0.006 and p=0.001). Absolute peak nasal inspiratory flow was lower in children with pale inferior turbinate (p=0.040), reduced hard palate width (p=0.037) and altered speech (p=0.004). Higher absolute values were found in children with increased tongue width (p=0.027) and, higher absolute and predicted (%) in children with mild everted lip (p=0.008 and p=0.000). CONCLUSIONS Nasal patency was lower in children with restless sleep, rhinitis signs and symptoms, hard palate width reduced and with changes in mastication, deglutition and speech functions. It is also emphasized that most of the children presented signs and symptom of allergic rhinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovana de Moura Milanesi
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Programa de Distúrbios de Comunicação Humana, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Luana Cristina Berwig
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Programa de Distúrbios de Comunicação Humana, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Lima SJH, Pernambuco LDA, Lins ADL, Albuquerque LCA, Silva HJD. Jaw movement during the speech in children with allergic rhinitis. Codas 2016; 27:359-64. [PMID: 26398259 DOI: 10.1590/2317-1782/20152014141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Allergic rhinitis can cause changes in stomatognathic functions, which may alter the mandibular dynamics. Electrognathography is used in the recording of jaw movements, making it valid for analysis of movements in speech. PURPOSE To characterize the amplitude and velocity of jaw movements during speech in children with and without allergic rhinitis. METHODS The sample consisted of 32 children aged 7-12 years, treated at a university hospital, divided into two groups: one with rhinitis and the other without rhinitis. To capture the jaw movements during speech, we used an electrognathography with the aid of a list of phonetically balanced figures. For the analysis of data, we used, in addition to descriptive statistics, nonparametric tests, Spearman correlation coefficient and the Mann-Whitney test, with a significant value of p=0.05. RESULTS No significant difference was observed in jaw movements between groups, with values of p equals to 0.175, 0.650, and 0.462 for amplitude and jaw opening and closing velocity, respectively. However, a strong correlation was observed between the variables velocity and amplitude of mouth opening, being slightly higher in the group of children with allergic rhinitis. CONCLUSION The amplitude and velocity of jaw movements are found to be similar in children with and without allergic rhinitis, and a correlation exits between these variables. In addition, they were more heterogeneous in the group without allergic rhinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leandro de Araújo Pernambuco
- Department of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Recife, PE, BR
| | | | | | - Hilton Justino da Silva
- Department of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, BR
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Kim DK, Rhee CS, Han DH, Won TB, Kim DY, Kim JW. Treatment of allergic rhinitis is associated with improved attention performance in children: the Allergic Rhinitis Cohort Study for Kids (ARCO-Kids). PLoS One 2014; 9:e109145. [PMID: 25330316 PMCID: PMC4201447 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It has been well known that pediatric allergic rhinitis was associated with poor performance at school due to attention deficit. However, there were no cohort studies for the effect of treatment of allergic rhinitis on attention performance in pediatric population. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate whether attention performance was improved after treatment in children with allergic rhinitis. Methods In this ARCO-Kids (Allergic Rhinitis Cohort Study for Kids), consecutive pediatric patients with rhinitis symptoms underwent a skin prick test and computerized comprehensive attention test. According to the skin prick test results, the children were diagnosed as allergic rhinitis or non- allergic rhinitis. All of the patients were regularly followed up and treated with oral medication or intranasal corticosteroid sprays. The comprehensive attention tests consisted of sustained and divided attention tasks. Each of the tasks was assessed by the attention score which was calculated by the number of omission and commission errors. The comprehension attention test was repeated after 1 year. Results A total of 797 children with allergic rhinitis and 239 children with non-allergic rhinitis were included. Initially, the attention scores of omission and commission errors on divided attention task were significantly lower in children with allergic rhinitis than in children with non-allergic rhinitis. After 1 year of treatment, children with allergic rhinitis showed improvement in attention: commission error of sustained (95.6±17.0 vs 97.0±16.6) and divided attention task (99.1±15.8 vs 91.8±23.5). Meanwhile, there was no significant difference of attention scores in children with non-allergic rhinitis. Conclusions Our study showed that management of allergic rhinitis might be associated with improvement of attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Kyu Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Chae Seo Rhee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo Hee Han
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Bin Won
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Young Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Whun Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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Castro TMPPG, Marinho DRT, Cavalcante CC. The impact of environmental factors on quality of life and symptoms of children with allergic rhinitis. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2014; 79:569-74. [PMID: 24141670 PMCID: PMC9442419 DOI: 10.5935/1808-8694.20130102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis is an inflammation of the nasal mucosa caused by exposure to allergens, which impairs the cognitive capabilities of the affected. Objective To correlate the mean scores of quality of life of children and adolescents with symptoms of allergic rhinitis and the presence of household environmental factors described in the literature as allergy triggers. Method This cross-sectional retrospective cohort study included 120 children and adolescents presenting clinical manifestations of allergic rhinitis. The subjects were divided into two groups based on the number of allergy-triggering environmental factors seen in their households. Scale PedsQL 4.0 was used to quantify quality of life and allow further comparisons between groups. Results No statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) were seen in the PedsQL mean scores when participant quality of life was analyzed vis-a-vis triggering environmental factors. However, the incidence of allergy manifestations was higher in children exposed to more environmental factors. Conclusion The studied environmental factors were not correlated with patient quality of life. However, the analysis of patient households and symptoms indicates the environment played a role in the onset of allergy events.
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Baptistella E, Maniglia S, Malucelli DA, Rispoli D, Pruner de Silva T, Tsuru FM, Becker RV, Bernardi G, Dranka D, Ferraz B. Allergen-specific immunotherapy in patients 55 years and older: results and review of literature. Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2013; 17:375-9. [PMID: 25992039 PMCID: PMC4399164 DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1353138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Over the years the immune system suffers many morphologic and functional alterations, which result in a peak of function in puberty and a gradual decrease in the elderly. Aim Treat patients 55 years or older with allergic rhinitis with immunotherapy and then analyze the response to allergens. Materials and Methods From June 2009 to July 2010, 104 charts of patients 55 years or older with allergic complaints were evaluated. The patients were selected by anamnesis, physical examination, and otorhinolaryngologic exam. The patients had cutaneous test for mites before and after 1 year of sublingual specific immunotherapy. The cutaneous response was classified as negative (absent), light, moderate, or severe. Results Before vaccination, 42 (40.4%) patients were classified as having a severe form of allergy and 62 (59.6%) as having a moderate allergy. After the specific therapy, 40 (38.4%) patients were classified as negative (absent), 37 (35.6%) as light, 19 (18.3%) as moderate, and 8 (7.7%) as severe responses. Conclusion Immunotherapy, a desensitization technique, is indicated in cases which patients cannot avoid the exposure to allergens and in situations where pharmacologic therapy is not ideal. Specific immunotherapy to treat the allergic rhinitis in elderly patients was efficient and had no collateral effects, and in addition to the clinical benefit, improvement in the cutaneous test could also be observed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergio Maniglia
- Centro Médico Especializado Baptistella (CMEB), Curitiba/PR, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Rispoli
- Centro Médico Especializado Baptistella (CMEB), Curitiba/PR, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Gustavo Bernardi
- Centro Médico Especializado Baptistella (CMEB), Curitiba/PR, Brazil
| | - Daniela Dranka
- Centro Médico Especializado Baptistella (CMEB), Curitiba/PR, Brazil
| | - Bruno Ferraz
- Centro Médico Especializado Baptistella (CMEB), Curitiba/PR, Brazil
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Ozkaya E, Akduman H, Erenberk U, Demir A, Dundaroz MR. Plasma paraoxonase activity and oxidative stress and their relationship to disease severity in children with allergic rhinitis. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2013; 27:13-7. [PMID: 23406590 DOI: 10.2500/ajra.2013.27.3837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress may play a role in the pathophysiology of several diseases including allergic rhinitis (AR). In children with AR an antioxidant enzyme paraoxonase (PON1) has not been previously investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate plasma PON1 activity and plasma total oxidant status (TOS), which are in the form of plasma reactive oxidants, and their association with severity of disease in house-mite-sensitive children with AR. METHODS This study included 66 children with persistent AR and 40 healthy controls aged between 7 and 12 years old. Plasma PON1, TOS, and total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) were measured. The nasal symptom scores and body mass index were evaluated at the time of blood collection. RESULTS Mean serum PON1 levels were significantly lower and, TOS levels were higher in the patient group than in the control group (p ≤ 0.001 and p ≤ 0.002, respectively). A significant negative correlation was observed between serum levels of PON1 and nasal symptom scores. However, serum levels of TOS were correlated with nasal symptom scores positively. There were no correlations between levels of total IgE and levels of PON1 and TOS levels. CONCLUSION Plasma PON1 and TOS levels may serve as predictors of disease severity in children with AR and both of them appear to be attractive candidates for modulating inflammation in AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emin Ozkaya
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Ozsutcu M, Ozkaya E, Demir A, Erenberk U, Sogut A, Dundaroz R. Pupillometric assessment of autonomic nervous system in children with allergic rhinitis. Med Princ Pract 2013; 22:444-8. [PMID: 23615331 PMCID: PMC5586779 DOI: 10.1159/000350292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate autonomic nervous system dysfunction by measuring pupil sizes in pediatric patients with allergic rhinitis. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The study group consisted of 60 children (28 girls and 32 boys) who were age and gender matched with the control group, which also consisted of 60 children (26 girls and 34 boys). The diagnosis of allergic rhinitis was based on the history, physical examination and skin prick test performed by an allergologist. Pupil diameter measurements were performed using the pupillometer incorporated in the NİDEK OPD-Scan. RESULTS In the allergic rhinitis group, mean photopic and mesopic pupil diameters were 3.52 ± 0.07 and 5.98 ± 0.21, respectively, while in the control group, corresponding measurements were 4.03 ± 0.18 and 6.55 ± 0.16. There was a significant difference for photopic and mesopic pupil diameter between the groups (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION This study showed that the pupil size in response to a light stimulus in children with allergic rhinitis was smaller than that of the control group and may indicate parasympathetic hyperactivity and sympathetic hypoactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Ozsutcu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emin Ozkaya
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
- *Emin Ozkaya, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy, Bezmialem Vakif University, Fatih, Istanbul (Turkey), E-Mail
| | - Aysegul Demir
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ufuk Erenberk
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Sogut
- Department of Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy, Regional Education and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Rusen Dundaroz
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Stefanini R, Tufik S, Soares MCM, Haddad FLM, Bittencourt LRA, Santos-Silva R, Gregorio LC. Systematic evaluation of the upper airway in the adult population of São Paulo, Brazil. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2012; 146:757-63. [PMID: 22298684 DOI: 10.1177/0194599811434256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the prevalence of otorhinolaryngologic symptoms and findings of physical examination of the upper airway (UA) of a representative sample of the adult population of São Paulo, Brazil, and the association between these findings. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SETTING Population sample. METHODS A total of 1101 randomly selected volunteers representing the adult population of São Paulo according to sex, age, and socioeconomic class were included in this study. Otorhinolaryngological evaluation included investigation of nasal complaints, physical examination of the UA, and a facial inspection. RESULTS A total of 993 volunteers (53.9% women), with a mean age of 41.8 ± 0.89 years, underwent otorhinolaryngologic examination. The most prevalent symptoms were the following: symptoms suggestive of rhinitis (44.9%), snoring (42.8%), mouth breathing (39.3%), and nasal obstruction (33.3%). In physical examination, the most common findings were a web palate (redundant posterior pillar; 62.9%), septum deviation (56.9%), and inferior turbinate hypertrophy (37.7%). Significant associations were found between nasal obstruction and septum deviations, inferior turbinate hypertrophy, high-arched palate, and class II dental occlusion; between symptoms of rhinitis and inferior turbinate hypertrophy; and between snoring and obstructive deviated septum, modified Mallampatti grades III and IV, increased neck circumference, and age greater than or equal to 50 years. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of otorhinolaryngologic symptoms and alterations in physical examination of the UA were high in the adult population of São Paulo, Brazil. The snoring and nasal symptoms were significantly associated with findings from UA physical examination and inspection of the facial skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Stefanini
- Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Park DM, Carvalho TLL, Franci JAA, Anselmo-Lima WT. Influence of treatment with intranasal corticosteroids on the nasal mucosa, weight, and corticosteroid concentration in rats. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2011; 26:e46-9. [PMID: 22182666 DOI: 10.2500/ajra.2012.26.3702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of intranasal corticosteroids on the nasal epithelium mucosa is an important parameter of treatment safety. This study was designed to examine whether treatment with topical corticosteroids in patients with allergic rhinitis causes atrophic nasal mucosal changes, when compared with systemic corticosteroids, in rats. METHODS Male Wistar rats were treated daily during 7 weeks with topical administration with 10 microliters of normal saline (control group), 10 microliters of mometasone furoate group, 10 microliters of triamcinolone acetonide (T group), and 8 mg/kg of daily subcutaneous injections of methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MP group). Body weight was evaluated weekly. At the end of the treatment, rats were killed by decapitation to collect blood for determination of corticosterone levels and nasal cavities were prepared for histological descriptive analyses. RESULTS Treatment with T and MP decreased body weight. Plasma corticosterone concentration was significantly reduced by MP treatment and presented a clear tendency to decrease after T treatment. Histological changes observed in group T included ripples, cell vacuolization, increase in the number of nuclei, and decrease in the number of cilia in the epithelial cells. CONCLUSION Growth and corticosterone concentration were impaired by T and MP at the same proportion, suggesting a role of this hormone in body gain. With the exception of T, intranasal or systemic treatment with the corticosteroids evaluated in this study did not affect nasal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Morello Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otolaryngology, and Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Emin O, Fatih M, Emre D, Nedim S. Lack of bone metabolism side effects after 3 years of nasal topical steroids in children with allergic rhinitis. J Bone Miner Metab 2011; 29:582-7. [PMID: 21327885 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-010-0255-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects on bone mineral status of long-term treatment with intranasal budesonide (INB) spray, using the recommended dose, in pediatric patients with allergic rhinitis (AR). This retrospective, case-control study of 230 prepubertal children with perennial AR, who had used nasal budesonide at a mean daily dose of 100 μg (range, 89-132 μg) for at least 3 years intermittently, was conducted from May 2007 through May 2010. The bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Levels of serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), parathyroid hormone, and osteocalcin were also assessed. The results were compared to sex- and age-matched controls (n = 140), who were newly diagnosed children with AR without any corticosteroid treatment. The 230 study patients (145 boys) were aged from 7 to 11 years. The average age (± SEM) was 8.7 ± 0.7 years; the mean (± SEM) steroid dosage used was 73.5 ± 7.0 μg daily, with 65.2 ± 5.2 g total steroid use during treatment. The 140 control patients (90 boys) were aged from 6 to 11 years. No significant differences were observed in BMD (P > 0.05) between the study and the control groups. Although mean serum ALP level was higher, and cortisol, phosphorus, and osteocalcin levels were lower, in the treatment group, these differences were not statistically significant. The findings suggest that long-term intermittent treatment for 3 years with INB spray, 50 μg twice daily, for children with perennial rhinitis revealed no negative effect on BMD and associated parameters.
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MESH Headings
- Absorptiometry, Photon
- Administration, Intranasal
- Alkaline Phosphatase/blood
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/administration & dosage
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use
- Bone Density/drug effects
- Bone and Bones/diagnostic imaging
- Bone and Bones/drug effects
- Bone and Bones/metabolism
- Budesonide/administration & dosage
- Budesonide/therapeutic use
- Calcium/blood
- Case-Control Studies
- Child
- Female
- Humans
- Male
- Osteocalcin/blood
- Parathyroid Hormone/blood
- Retrospective Studies
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/blood
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/diagnostic imaging
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/drug therapy
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/metabolism
- Steroids/administration & dosage
- Steroids/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozkaya Emin
- Division Pediatric Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Bezmialem Vakif University Medical Faculty, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Lâm HT, Văn T Tng N, Ekerljung L, Rönmark E, Lundbäck B. Allergic rhinitis in northern vietnam: increased risk of urban living according to a large population survey. Clin Transl Allergy 2011; 1:7. [PMID: 22410330 PMCID: PMC3339357 DOI: 10.1186/2045-7022-1-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about prevalence and risk factors of allergic rhinitis and chronic nasal symptoms among adults in Vietnam. We aimed to estimate the prevalence, risk factor patterns and co-morbidities of allergic rhinitis and chronic nasal symptoms in one urban and one rural area in northern Vietnam. METHODS A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted from August 2007 to January 2008 in urban Hoankiem and rural Bavi in Hanoi among adults aged 21-70 years. Of 7008 randomly selected subjects, 91.7% participated in Bavi and 70.3% in Hoankiem. RESULTS Allergic rhinitis ever or chronic nasal symptoms were reported by 50.2%. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis ever was considerably higher in Hoankiem compared to Bavi, 29.6% vs 10.0% (p < 0.001). Allergic rhinitis ever and chronic nasal symptoms were both significantly associated with asthma and respiratory symptoms, respectively (p < 0.001). Exposure to gas, dust or fumes at work was significantly associated with allergic rhinitis ever, OR 1.57 (95% CI 1.34 - 1.84), nasal blocking, OR 1.90 (95% CI 1.68 - 2.15) and runny nose, OR 1.32 (95% CI 1.17 - 1.49), while somewhat surprisingly no association with smoking was found. Female sex was a significant risk factor for both nasal blocking and runny nose. CONCLUSIONS Allergic rhinitis ever was considerably more common in the urban area. Nasal blocking and runny nose was each reported by about one third of the studied sample with no major urban-rural difference. Further, exposure to air pollution at work was significantly associated with allergic rhinitis ever, nasal blocking and runny nose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoàng Thị Lâm
- Unit of Lung & Allergy Research, National Institute of Environmental Medicine, IMM, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Samoliński B, Sybilski AJ, Raciborski F, Tomaszewska A, Samel-Kowalik P, Walkiewicz A, Lusawa A, Borowicz J, Gutowska-Slesik J, Trzpil L, Marszałkowska J, Jakubik N, Krzych E, Komorowski J, Lipiec A, Gotlib T, Samolińska-Zawisza U, Hałat Z. Prevalence of rhinitis in Polish population according to the ECAP (Epidemiology of Allergic Disorders in Poland) study. Otolaryngol Pol 2010; 63:324-30. [PMID: 19999749 DOI: 10.1016/s0030-6657(09)70135-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The prevalence of allergic disorders, especially allergic rhinitis (AR), has dramatically increased in the past few decades and multicentre, standardized, randomized epidemiological studies are required to quantify this phenomenon in Poland. AIM The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of rhinitis and allergic rhinitis in Poland. MATERIAL AND METHOD The ECAP study was conducted using the ECRHS II and ISAAC questionnaires translated into the Polish language and validated, in selected nine regions of Poland, including eight cities and one rural area. The respondents within the regions were selected by means of multistage proportional stratified random sampling based on the identity number (PESEL) as the operat. The survey was conducted in 20,454 subjects (response rate of 41.9%) and 18,617 questionnaires were valid. Approximately 25% of the subjects (n=4783) were subsequently evaluated by clinicians (response rate of 43.4%). RESULTS Rhinitis was self-reported by 36.08% of the respondents (37.8% of 6- 7-year-olds, 34.5% of 13- 14-year-olds, and 36.0% of adults). The lowest prevalence rate was in the rural region (22.9%). Allergic rhinitis (AR) was self-reported by 22.54% of the respondents (23.6% of 6- 7-year-olds, 24.6% of 13- 14-year-olds, and 21.0% of adults). Again, the lowest prevalence rate was in the rural region (16.0%). AR was more frequent in males (24.0%) than in females (21.2%) (OR = 1.079; 95% CI: 1.044-1.116). AR was actually diagnosed by a clinician in 28.9%, including intermittent AR in 47.7% and persistent AR in 52.3%. Seasonal AR was diagnosed in 15.55%, and perennial rhinitis in 15.2%. CONCLUSION Allergic rhinitis is common in Poland as it affects nearly 25% of the population and it is a major social problem. Standards of early detection and prevention of allergic rhinitis should be introduced.
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Benedetti MS, Whomsley R, Poggesi I, Cawello W, Mathy FX, Delporte ML, Papeleu P, Watelet JB. Drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics. Drug Metab Rev 2009; 41:344-90. [PMID: 19601718 DOI: 10.1080/10837450902891295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In this article, aspects of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion have been described bearing in mind the pathogenesis of allergic diseases and their possible therapeutic opportunities. The importance of the routes of administration of the different therapeutic groups has been emphasized. The classical aspects of drug metabolism and disposition related to oral administration have been reviewed, but special emphasis has been given to intranasal, cutaneous, transdermal, and ocular administration as well as to the absorption and the subsequent bioavailability of drugs. Drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters present in extrahepatic tissues, such as nasal mucosa and the respiratory tract, have been particularly discussed. As marketed antiallergic drugs include both racemates and enantiomers, aspects of stereoselective absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion have been discussed. Finally, a new and promising methodology, microdosing, has been presented, although it has not yet been applied to drugs used in the treatment of allergic diseases.
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Saleem T, Khalid U, Sherwani UUR, Ghaffar S. Clinical profile, outcomes and improvement in symptoms and productivity in rhinitic patients in Karachi, Pakistan. BMC EAR, NOSE, AND THROAT DISORDERS 2009; 9:12. [PMID: 20003368 PMCID: PMC2796986 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6815-9-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2009] [Accepted: 12/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Rhinitis can cause a heavy toll on patients because of its bothersome effects on productivity. This retrospective study was conducted to explore the clinical profile, outcomes and improvement in the symptoms and productivity resulting from treatment of allergic rhinitis in Pakistan. Methods We carried out a retrospective file review of all allergic rhinitis patients who presented to the Ear, Nose, Throat Consulting Clinic from January, 2006 to June, 2008 using a structured proforma especially designed for this purpose. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS v. 16.0. Results The charts of 169 patients were reviewed. The mean age of the patients was 35.2 ± 9.1 years. Sixty percent patients were male. Ninety eight patients (58%) reported allergy symptoms to be present at both home and work. One hundred and two patients (60.4%) had symptoms severe enough to cause absence from work or academic activities. Up to seventy one percent patients were spending between 1000 - 3000 Pakistani Rupees (1 US$= 83.3 Pakistani rupees) on the treatment of allergic rhinitis per year. One hundred and fifty one patients (89.3%) reported an improvement in rhinitic symptoms and productivity while 18 patients (10.7%) didn't. This improvement was significantly associated with satisfaction with treatment (p < 0.001). Conclusion Allergic rhinitis, a ubiquitous disease, was seen to cause a strain on patients in the form of recurrent treatment-related expenses as well as absenteeism from work or other daily activities. Symptoms and productivity improved significantly after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taimur Saleem
- Section of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University, (Stadium Road), Karachi (74800), Pakistan.
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