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Metruccio F, Battistoni M, Di Renzo F, Moretto A, Menegola E. Moderate alcohol consumption during pregnancy increases potency of two different drugs (the antifungal fluconazole and the antiepileptic valproate) in inducing craniofacial defects: prediction by the in vitro rat whole embryo culture. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:619-629. [PMID: 36385218 PMCID: PMC9859839 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03410-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The prenatal exposure to ethanol (Eth), fluconazole (FLUCO) and sodium valproate (VPA) is related to effects on development, producing characteristic syndromic pictures. Among embryotoxic effects described for the three molecules, the alteration on craniofacial morphogenesis is a common feature in humans and animal models, including rodent embryos developed in vitro. The aim of the present work is to evaluate the developmental effects of low Eth serum concentration (17 mM, corresponding to the legal limit to drive in UK, USA, Canada, and many other countries) in mixture with increasing realistic concentrations of the antifungal drug FLUCO (62.5-500 µM) or with increasing realistic concentrations of the antiepileptic drug VPA (31.25-250 µM). Groups exposed to Eth alone (17-127.5 mM), FLUCO alone (62.5-500 µM) or VPA alone (31.25-750 µM) were also included. The chosen alternative animal model was the post-implantation rat whole embryo culture (WEC). E9.5 embryos were exposed in vitro to the test molecules during the whole test period (48 h, corresponding to the developmental stages characteristics of any vertebrate, for human embryos post-fertilization days 23-31). Data were statistically analyzed and processed for modelling applying the benchmark dose (BMD) and relative potency factor (RPF) approaches. Concentration-related effects on facial outcomes were observed in all experimental groups, with a significant enhancement in the groups co-exposed with Eth in comparison to the single exposures. Data obtained by the present work suggest an additional alert for the assumption of even low levels of alcohol in pregnant women during FLUCO or VPA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Battistoni
- Department of Physics Aldo Pontremoli, Universita` degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria, 16, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Renzo
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Universita` degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria, 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Moretto
- Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular and Public Health Science, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Elena Menegola
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Universita` degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria, 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Comparison of Simulated Candidemia Detection During Prophylactic Antifungal Therapy. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 104:115768. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2022.115768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Mushtaq A, Baseer A, Zaidi SS, Waseem Khan M, Batool S, Elahi E, Aman W, Naeem M, Din FU. Fluconazole-loaded thermosensitive system: In vitro release, pharmacokinetics and safety study. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Zarad W, El-Gendy H, Bazan L, Ali A, Aboulella Y, Kamal M, Emara S, Shawky A. Bio-analytical liquid chromatographic-based method with a mixed mode online solid phase extraction for drug monitoring of fluconazole in human serum. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1187:123045. [PMID: 34808576 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.123045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A simple, cost-effective and sensitive liquid chromatography-based bio-analytical method has been developed and validated for therapeutic drug monitoring of fluconazole (FLUC) in human serum. Integration of online mixed-mode solid-phase extraction (SPE) into the analytical system was the key for direct injection of untreated serum samples. A short protein-coated (PC) µBondapak CN silica column (PC-µB-CN-column) as a SPE tool and phosphate buffer saline (PBS) (pH 7.4) as an eluent were applied in the extraction step. PC-µB-CN-column operates in two different chromatographic modes. Using PBS, proteins were extracted from serum samples by size-exclusion liquid chromatography, while FLUC trapping was reversed-phase liquid chromatography dependent. FLUC was then eluted from the PC-µB-CN-column onto the quantification position using a mixture of acetonitrile-distilled deionized water (20:80, v/v) as an eluent and ODS analytical column. FLUC was separated at ambient temperature (22 ± 1 °C) and detected at 260 nm. The method was linear over the range of 200-10000 ng/mL. FLUC recovery in untreated serum samples ranged from 97.8 to 98.8% and showed good accuracy and precision. The reliability of the developed method was evaluated by studying the pharmacokinetic profile of FLUC in humans after an oral administration of a single 150 mg tablet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa Zarad
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Km 28 Ismailia Road, Cairo 44971, Egypt
| | - Heba El-Gendy
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Km 28 Ismailia Road, Cairo 44971, Egypt
| | - Lamyaa Bazan
- Pharmaceutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Km 28 Ismailia Road, Cairo 44971, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ali
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Netherlands; Research Center, Misr International University, Km 28 Ismailia Road, Cairo 44971, Egypt
| | - Yasmine Aboulella
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Netherlands; Research Center, Misr International University, Km 28 Ismailia Road, Cairo 44971, Egypt
| | - Maha Kamal
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 4th Industrial Zone, Banks Complex, 6th of October, Cairo 12256, Egypt
| | - Samy Emara
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Km 28 Ismailia Road, Cairo 44971, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Shawky
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Km 28 Ismailia Road, Cairo 44971, Egypt
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Evaluating the Effect of Azole Antifungal Agents on the Stress Response and Nanomechanical Surface Properties of Ochrobactrum anthropi Aspcl2.2. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25153348. [PMID: 32717971 PMCID: PMC7435821 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Azole antifungal molecules are broadly used as active ingredients in various products, such as pharmaceuticals and pesticides. This promotes their release into the natural environment. The detailed mechanism of their influence on the biotic components of natural ecosystems remains unexplored. Our research aimed to examine the response of Ochrobactrum anthropi AspCl2.2 to the presence of four azole antifungal agents (clotrimazole, fluconazole, climbazole, epoxiconazole). The experiments performed include analysis of the cell metabolic activity, cell membrane permeability, total glutathione level and activity of glutathione S-transferases. These studies allowed for the evaluation of the cells’ oxidative stress response to the presence of azole antifungals. Moreover, changes in the nanomechanical surface properties, including adhesive and elastic features of the cells, were investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and spectrophotometric methods. The results indicate that the azoles promote bacterial oxidative stress. The strongest differences were noted for the cells cultivated with fluconazole. The least toxic effect has been attributed to climbazole. AFM observations unraveled molecular details of bacterial cell texture, structure and surface nanomechanical properties. Antifungals promote the nanoscale modification of the bacterial cell wall. The results presented provided a significant insight into the strategies used by environmental bacterial cells to survive exposures to toxic azole antifungal agents.
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Wirth F, de Azevedo MI, Pilla C, Aquino VR, Neto GW, Goldani LZ. Relationship between intracranial pressure and antifungal agents levels in the CSF of patients with cryptococcal meningitis. Med Mycol 2019; 56:257-262. [PMID: 28992308 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myx054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of intracranial hypertension in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of amphotericin B and fluconazole levels of patients with cryptococcal meningitis. CSF samples and intracranial pressure were obtained by means of routine punctures performed at days 1, 7, and 14 of therapy, respectively. Amphotericin B and fluconazole CSF levels were measured by HPLC method as previously described. The minimum inhibitory concentration for amphotericin B, fluconazole, 5΄flucytosine, and voriconazole of each Cryptococcus isolate was performed according to CLSI. The predominant Cryptococcus species found was C. neoformans, and the major underlying condition was AIDS. Only one CSF sample had a detectable level for amphotericin B during the 14 days of therapy. Fluconazole CSF levels progressively increased from day 1 to day 14 of therapy for most cases. Fluconazole levels in the CSF were above the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for Cryptococcus during the initial 14 days of antifungal therapy. Variations of intracranial pressure did not affect amphotericin B and fluconazole levels in the CSF. The generalized estimating correlation (GEE) and Spearman correlation test (SCT) showed no significant correlation between the amphotericin B or fluconazole concentrations in the CSF and intracranial pressure (P = .953 and P = .093, respectively for GEE test and P = .477 and P = .847, respectively, for SCT). Combination therapy of amphotericin B with fluconazole was effective in 60% of the patients considering CSF cultures were negative in 9 of 15 patients after 14 days of therapy. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the role of intracranial hypertension on the therapeutic efficacy of different antifungal agents in patients with cryptococcal meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Wirth
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Medicina, Ramiro Barcelos, 2400. Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Section of Infectious Diseases. Ramiro Barcelos, 2350. Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Isabel de Azevedo
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Laboratório de Pesquisas Micológicas. Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia. Avenida Roraima, 1000. Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Carmen Pilla
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA). Serviço de Patologia Clínica. Ramiro Barcelos, 2350. Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Valério Rodrigues Aquino
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA). Serviço de Patologia Clínica. Ramiro Barcelos, 2350. Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Wissmann Neto
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Medicina, Ramiro Barcelos, 2400. Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Section of Infectious Diseases. Ramiro Barcelos, 2350. Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luciano Zubaran Goldani
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Medicina, Ramiro Barcelos, 2400. Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Section of Infectious Diseases. Ramiro Barcelos, 2350. Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Thielen BK, Barnes AMT, Sabin AP, Huebner B, Nelson S, Wesenberg E, Hansen GT. Widespread Lichtheimia Infection in a Patient with Extensive Burns: Opportunities for Novel Antifungal Agents. Mycopathologia 2018; 184:121-128. [PMID: 29967971 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-018-0281-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
The Mucorales fungi-formerly classified as the zygomycetes-are environmentally ubiquitous fungi, but generally rare causes of clinical infections. In the immunocompromised host, however, they can cause invasive, rapidly spreading infections that confer a high risk of morbidity and mortality, often despite surgical and antifungal therapy. Patients with extensive burn injuries are particularly susceptible to skin and soft-tissue infections with these organisms. Here, we present a case of Lichtheimia infection in a patient with extensive full-thickness burns that required significant and repeated surgical debridement successfully treated with isavuconazole and adjunctive topical amphotericin B washes. We also review the available literature on contemporary antifungal treatment for Lichtheimia species and related Mucorales fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth K Thielen
- Department of Medicine (Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine), University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics (Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology), University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| | - Aaron M T Barnes
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Arick P Sabin
- Department of Medicine (Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine), University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Becky Huebner
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, 55415, USA
| | - Susan Nelson
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, 55415, USA
| | - Elizabeth Wesenberg
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, 55415, USA
| | - Glen T Hansen
- Department of Medicine (Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine), University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, 55415, USA
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Fournier A, Eggimann P, Pagani JL, Revelly JP, Decosterd LA, Marchetti O, Pannatier A, Voirol P, Que YA. Impact of the introduction of real-time therapeutic drug monitoring on empirical doses of carbapenems in critically ill burn patients. Burns 2015; 41:956-68. [PMID: 25678084 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adequate empirical antibiotic dose selection for critically ill burn patients is difficult due to extreme variability in drug pharmacokinetics. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) may aid antibiotic prescription and implementation of initial empirical antimicrobial dosage recommendations. This study evaluated how gradual TDM introduction altered empirical dosages of meropenem and imipenem/cilastatin in our burn ICU. METHODS Imipenem/cilastatin and meropenem use and daily empirical dosage at a five-bed burn ICU were analyzed retrospectively. Data for all burn admissions between 2001 and 2011 were extracted from the hospital's computerized information system. For each patient receiving a carbapenem, episodes of infection were reviewed and scored according to predefined criteria. Carbapenem trough serum levels were characterized. Prior to May 2007, TDM was available only by special request. Real-time carbapenem TDM was introduced in June 2007; it was initially available weekly and has been available 4 days a week since 2010. RESULTS Of 365 patients, 229 (63%) received antibiotics (109 received carbapenems). Of 23 TDM determinations for imipenem/cilastatin, none exceeded the predefined upper limit and 11 (47.8%) were insufficient; the number of TDM requests was correlated with daily dose (r=0.7). Similar numbers of inappropriate meropenem trough levels (30.4%) were below and above the upper limit. Real-time TDM introduction increased the empirical dose of imipenem/cilastatin, but not meropenem. CONCLUSIONS Real-time carbapenem TDM availability significantly altered the empirical daily dosage of imipenem/cilastatin at our burn ICU. Further studies are needed to evaluate the individual impact of TDM-based antibiotic adjustment on infection outcomes in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Fournier
- Service of Pharmacy, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Eggimann
- Service of Intensive Care Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Luc Pagani
- Service of Intensive Care Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Pierre Revelly
- Service of Intensive Care Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurent A Decosterd
- Service of Biomedicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Oscar Marchetti
- Service of Infectious Diseases, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - André Pannatier
- Service of Pharmacy, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Voirol
- Service of Pharmacy, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yok-Ai Que
- Service of Intensive Care Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Development, characterization, and in vitro biological performance of fluconazole-loaded microemulsions for the topical treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:396894. [PMID: 25650054 PMCID: PMC4306376 DOI: 10.1155/2015/396894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a resistant form of leishmaniasis that is caused by a parasite belonging to the genus Leishmania. FLU-loaded microemulsions (MEs) were developed by phase diagram for topical administration of fluconazole (FLU) as prominent alternative to combat CL. Three MEs called F1, F2, and F3 (F1—60% 50 M phosphate buffer at pH 7.4 (PB) as aqueous phase, 10% cholesterol (CHO) as oil phase, and 30% soy phosphatidylcholine/oil polyoxyl-60 hydrogenated castor oil/sodium oleate (3/8/6) (S) as surfactant; F2—50% PB, 10% CHO, and 40% S; F3—40% PB, 10% CHO, and 50 % S) were characterized by droplet size analysis, zeta potential analysis, X-ray diffraction, continuous flow, texture profile analysis, and in vitro bioadhesion. MEs presented pseudoplastic flow and thixotropy was dependent on surfactant concentration. Droplet size was not affected by FLU. FLU-loaded MEs improved the FLU safety profile that was evaluated using red cell haemolysis and in vitro cytotoxicity assays with J-774 mouse macrophages. FLU-unloaded MEs did not exhibit leishmanicidal activity that was performed using MTT colourimetric assays; however, FLU-loaded MEs exhibited activity. Therefore, these MEs have potential to modulate FLU action, being a promising platform for drug delivery systems to treat CL.
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Sasaki J, Matsumoto K, Fujishima S, Morita K, Hori S. Pharmacokinetics of a polyene antifungal agent, liposomal amphotericin B (L-AMB), in a severely burned patient. J Chemother 2013; 26:312-4. [PMID: 24070023 DOI: 10.1179/1973947813y.0000000141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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A Comparative Validation Study of Fluconazole by HPLC and UPLC with Forced Degradation Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/673150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The simplest stability indicating reversed phase Isocratic HPLC and UPLC methods has been developed and validated for the determination of fluconazole in bulk and solid pharmaceutical dosage form. A SunFire C18 (250 × 4.5 mm, 5 μm particle size) column has been used for HPLC and BEH C18 (100 × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm particle size) column used for UPLC. The Mobile phase consisted of Methanol : Water (70 : 30) for HPLC and Methanol : Water (55 : 45 v/v) for UPLC. Isocratic flow was set at 1 mL/min and 0.30 mL/min, respectively, for HPLC and UPLC. For both HPLC and UPLC system detection has been performed at 211 nm with 30°C column oven temperature (good elution was obtained at 30°C) and injection volume, respectively, 2 μL and 20 μL for HPLC and UPLC.
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Penetration of micafungin into the burn eschar in patients with severe burns. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2013; 39:93-7. [PMID: 23771854 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-013-0146-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Micafungin (MCFG) concentrations in the plasma and in burn eschar were investigated after daily intravenous infusion (1 h) of MCFG (200 mg) in three patients with severe burns. MCFG treatment was initiated more than 72 h after the burn injuries. The MCFG concentrations in the plasma were determined at the end of the first administration of MCFG, immediately before the second dosing, at the end of the MCFG infusion after at least 4 days from the initial treatment, and immediately before the subsequent dosing using high-performance liquid chromatography. In addition, the trough levels in burn eschar after both the initial administration and repeated administration were measured. The peak and trough levels in the plasma were comparable to or slightly lower than the reported values in healthy volunteers. The mean (range) MCFG concentrations in the burn eschar after initial administration and repeated administration were 1.41 μg/mL (<0.1-3.98 μg/mL) and 6.65 μg/mL (1.10-14.81 μg/mL), respectively. In most cases, the MCFG concentrations in the burn eschar, especially after repeated administration, were higher than the reported MIC90 of MCFG against the clinically important pathogenic species of Candida and Aspergillus. These results suggest that MCFG is capable of penetrating burn eschar.
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Menegola E, Di Renzo F, Metruccio F, Moretto A, Giavini E. Effects of mixtures of azole fungicides in postimplantation rat whole-embryo cultures. Arch Toxicol 2013; 87:1989-1997. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-013-1048-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Micafungin concentrations in the plasma and burn eschar of severely burned patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011; 56:1113-5. [PMID: 22083486 DOI: 10.1128/aac.05381-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Micafungin concentrations in plasma and burn eschar after daily intravenous infusion (1 h) of micafungin (200 to 300 mg) were investigated for six patients with severe burns. Micafungin treatment was initiated more than 72 h after the burn injuries. The peak and trough levels in the plasma after the initial administration and repeated administrations for more than 4 days were comparable with or slightly lower than the reported values for healthy volunteers. Micafungin concentrations in the plasma and burn eschar were between 3.6 and >1,000 times higher than the reported MIC(90)s of micafungin against clinically important Candida and Aspergillus species.
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Walraven CJ, Mercier RC, Lee SA. Antifungal Pharmacokinetics and Dosing Considerations in Burn Patients. CURRENT FUNGAL INFECTION REPORTS 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12281-011-0047-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Yamashita T, Yamamoto E, Kushida I. Frozen water phase method for logD measurement using a 96-well plate. Talanta 2011; 84:809-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Revised: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Dematte MF, Gemperli R, Salles AG, Dolhnikoff M, Lanças T, Saldiva PHN, Ferreira MC. Mechanical evaluation of the resistance and elastance of post-burn scars after topical treatment with tretinoin. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2011; 66:1949-54. [PMID: 22086527 PMCID: PMC3203969 DOI: 10.1590/s1807-59322011001100016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE After burn injuries, scarred skin lacks elasticity, especially in hypertrophic scars. Topical treatment with tretinoin can improve the appearance and quality of the skin (i.e., texture, distensibility, color, and hydration). The objective of this prospective study was to examine the effects of treatment with 0.05% tretinoin for one year on the biomechanical behavior and histological changes undergone by facial skin with post-burn scarring. SETTING Tertiary, Institutional. METHOD Fifteen female patients who had suffered partial thickness burns with more than two years of evolution were selected. Skin biopsies were obtained initially and after one year of treatment. The resistance and elastance of these skin biopsies were measured using a mechanical oscillation analysis system. The density of collagen fibers, elastic fibers, and versican were determined using immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS Tretinoin treatment significantly lowered skin resistance and elastance, which is a result that indicates higher distensibility of the skin. However, tretinoin treatment did not significantly affect the density of collagen fibers, elastic fibers, or versican. CONCLUSION Topical tretinoin treatment alters the mechanical behavior of post-burn scarred skin by improving its distensibility and thus leads to improved quality of life for patients.
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