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Husaini M, Emery MS. Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Interpretation in Athletes: What the Cardiologist Should Know. Card Electrophysiol Clin 2024; 16:71-80. [PMID: 38280815 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccep.2023.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
The noninvasive assessment of oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, and ventilation during a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) provides insight into the cardiovascular, pulmonary, and metabolic system's ability to respond to exercise. Exercise physiology has been shown to be distinct for competitive athletes and highly active persons (CAHAPs), thus creating more nuanced interpretations of CPET parameters. CPET in CAHAP is an important test that can be used for both diagnosis (provoking symptoms during a truly maximal test) and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Husaini
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 4921 Parkview Place, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA. https://twitter.com/husainim
| | - Michael S Emery
- Sports Cardiology Center, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Desk J2-4, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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Wernhart S, Papathanasiou M, Mahabadi AA, Rassaf T, Luedike P. Betablockers reduce oxygen pulse increase and performance in heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction. Int J Cardiol 2023; 370:309-318. [PMID: 36220507 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beta blockers (BB) reduce chronotropic response and exercise capacity in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). To analyze the influence of BB on exercise performance and O 2 pulse increase as a surrogate for stroke volume in HFpEF. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the influence of BB intake (yes: n = 48/no: n = 51) on peak oxygen uptake (VO 2peak), oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES), and increase of O 2 pulse in HFpEF patients undergoing cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). Associations of outcome variables and risk category of the algorithm of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology (HFA-PEFF score) were calculated. RESULTS Patients on BB showed lower VO 2peak (p = .003) and OUES (p = .002), with a dominant effect in the high-risk (p = .020; 0.002), but not in the low risk-group (p = .434; p = .499). In the intermediate group BB showed a trend towards lower VO 2peak (p = .078) and lower values for OUES (p = .020). Patients on BB also demonstrated a lower increase of O 2 pulse during exercise (p = .002), without differences between HFA-PEFF risk groups (low: p = .322, intermediate: p = .269, high: p = .313). CONCLUSIONS BB reduce exercise capacity and O 2 pulse increase in HFpEF patients. Direct quantification of O 2 pulse increase may help to improve the discrimination of HFpEF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Wernhart
- University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, West German Heart- and Vascular Center, Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Maria Papathanasiou
- University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, West German Heart- and Vascular Center, Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Amir Abbas Mahabadi
- University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, West German Heart- and Vascular Center, Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Tienush Rassaf
- University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, West German Heart- and Vascular Center, Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Peter Luedike
- University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, West German Heart- and Vascular Center, Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany.
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Husaini M, Emery MS. Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Interpretation in Athletes. Cardiol Clin 2022; 41:71-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccl.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Petek BJ, Churchill TW, Sawalla Guseh J, Loomer G, Gustus SK, Lewis GD, Weiner RB, Baggish AL, Wasfy MM. Utility of the oxygen pulse in the diagnosis of obstructive coronary artery disease in physically fit patients. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e15105. [PMID: 34767313 PMCID: PMC8587175 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) guidelines recommend analysis of the oxygen (O2 ) pulse for a late exercise plateau in evaluation for obstructive coronary artery disease (OCAD). However, whether this O2 pulse trajectory is within the range of normal has been debated, and the diagnostic performance of the O2 pulse for OCAD in physically fit individuals, in whom V ˙ O 2 may be more likely to plateau, has not been evaluated. Using prospectively collected data from a sports cardiology program, patients were identified who were free of other cardiac disease and underwent clinically-indicated CPET within 90 days of invasive or computed tomography coronary angiography. The diagnostic performance of quantitative O2 pulse metrics (late exercise slope, proportional change in slope during late exercise) and qualitative assessment for O2 pulse plateau to predict OCAD was assessed. Among 104 patients (age:56 ± 12 years, 30% female, peak V ˙ O 2 119 ± 34% predicted), the diagnostic performance for OCAD (n = 24,23%) was poor for both quantitative and qualitative metrics reflecting an O2 pulse plateau (late exercise slope: AUC = 0.55, sensitivity = 68%, specificity = 41%; proportional change in slope: AUC = 0.55, sensitivity = 91%, specificity = 18%; visual plateau/decline: AUC = 0.51, sensitivity = 33%, specificity = 67%). When O2 pulse parameters were added to the electrocardiogram, the change in AUC was minimal (-0.01 to +0.02, p ≥ 0.05). Those patients without OCAD with a plateau or decline in O2 pulse were fitter than those with linear augmentation (peak V ˙ O 2 133 ± 31% vs. 114 ± 36% predicted, p < 0.05) and had a longer exercise ramp time (9.5 ± 3.2 vs. 8.0 ± 2.5 min, p < 0.05). Overall, a plateau in O2 pulse was not a useful predictor of OCAD in a physically fit population, indicating that the O2 pulse should be integrated with other CPET parameters and may reflect a physiologic limitation of stroke volume and/or O2 extraction during intense exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley J Petek
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Timothy W Churchill
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Cardiovascular Performance Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - J Sawalla Guseh
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Cardiovascular Performance Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Garrett Loomer
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Cardiovascular Performance Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah K Gustus
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Cardiovascular Performance Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gregory D Lewis
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Cardiovascular Performance Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rory B Weiner
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Cardiovascular Performance Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aaron L Baggish
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Cardiovascular Performance Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Meagan M Wasfy
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Cardiovascular Performance Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Liu Y, Wang L, Wan F, Yang N. Effects of Anisodine Hydrobromide on the Cardiovascular and Respiratory Functions in Conscious Dogs. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:4263-4276. [PMID: 33116414 PMCID: PMC7569038 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s268113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Anisodine hydrobromide (Ani) is isolated from the medicinal plant Anisodus tanguticus (Maxim.) Pascher for clinical use. Although considerable research regarding Ani has been reported, the safety profiles of Ani are currently unknown. This study investigated the cardiorespiratory effects of Ani in conscious dogs to provide clinicians a detailed safety profile of Ani on the cardiorespiratory system. Materials and Methods Using the Latin square design, the study was divided into six phases, where in each phase, six telemetered beagle dogs received one dose of normal saline or sotalol hydrochloride or Ani (0.1, 0.4, 1.6, or 6.4 mg/kg). Electrocardiogram, blood pressure (BP) and respiratory parameters were collected before and after administration for 24 hours. Statistical comparisons were performed at scheduled time-points. Results The heart rate was significantly increased, PR and QTCV intervals were significantly shortened in Ani 0.4, 1.6, 6.4 mg/kg treatment group after drug administration. Compared with the saline group, a significant increase in heart rate and shortening of PR, QTCV intervals were observed in the Ani 1.6, 6.4 mg/kg treatment groups from 5 min to 4 h time-points. Diastolic and mean BP were significantly increased in Ani 1.6, 6.4 mg/kg from 1 h to 2 h time-points compared to those of the saline control. Accelerated breathing was observed in the first 20 min after Ani 0.4, 1.6, and 6.4 mg/kg treatment, although not statistically significant. Furthermore, no significant differences were observed in any of the corresponding indexes of Ani 0.1 mg/kg treatment group at different time-points compared to those of the saline group. Conclusion Ani may have adverse effects on the cardio-respiratory systems of dogs at doses above 0.4 mg/kg, whereas Ani 0.1 mg/kg was devoid of potentially deleterious effects on cardiorespiratory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlu Liu
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Wang
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Wan
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Yang
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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Laukkanen JA, Araújo CGS, Kurl S, Khan H, Jae SY, Guazzi M, Kunutsor SK. Relative peak exercise oxygen pulse is related to sudden cardiac death, cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in middle-aged men. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2018; 25:772-782. [DOI: 10.1177/2047487318761679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Preliminary evidence suggests that peak exercise oxygen pulse – peak oxygen uptake/heart rate-, a variable obtained during maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing and a surrogate of stroke volume, is a predictor of mortality. We aimed to assess the associations of peak exercise oxygen pulse with sudden cardiac death, fatal coronary heart disease and cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. Design A prospective study. Methods Peak exercise oxygen pulse was assessed in a maximal cycling test at baseline in 2227 middle-aged men of the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease cohort study using expired gas variables and electrocardiograms. Relative peak exercise oxygen pulse was obtained by dividing the absolute value by body weight. Results During a median follow-up of 26.1 years 1097 subjects died; there were 220 sudden cardiac deaths, 336 fatal coronary heart diseases and 505 fatal cardiovascular diseases. Relative peak exercise oxygen pulse (mean 19.5 (4.1) mL per beat/kg/102) was approximately linearly associated with each outcome. Comparing extreme quartiles of relative peak exercise oxygen pulse, hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for sudden cardiac death, fatal coronary heart disease and cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality on adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors were 0.55 (0.36–0.83), 0.58 (0.42–0.81), 0.60 (0.46–0.79) and 0.59 (0.49–0.70), respectively ( P < 0.001 for all). The hazard ratios were unchanged on further adjustment for C-reactive protein and the use of beta-blockers. The addition of relative peak exercise oxygen pulse to a cardiovascular disease mortality risk prediction model significantly improved risk discrimination (C-index change 0.0112; P = 0.030). Conclusion Relative peak exercise oxygen pulse measured during maximal exercise was linearly and inversely associated with fatal cardiovascular and all-cause mortality events in middle-aged men. In addition, relative peak exercise oxygen pulse provided significant improvement in cardiovascular disease mortality risk assessment beyond conventional risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jari A Laukkanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Central Finland Health Care District, Finland
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | | | - Sudhir Kurl
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - Hassan Khan
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, USA
| | - Sae Y Jae
- Department of Sport Science, University of Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Marco Guazzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cardiology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Univrsity of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Setor K Kunutsor
- School of Clinical Sciences, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
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Morales AP, Sampaio-Jorge F, da Cruz Rangel LF, de Souza Menezes J, Leite TC, Ribeiro BG. Cardiopulmonary Performance During Maximal Exercise in Soccer Players with Alterations in Renal Function. J Hum Kinet 2017; 57:107-115. [PMID: 28713463 PMCID: PMC5504583 DOI: 10.1515/hukin-2017-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the curves of cardiorespiratory variables during cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in soccer players who had acute alterations in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) after performing the pre-season training protocol. Sixteen male professional soccer players (25 ± 3 years; 179 ± 2 cm; and 77 ± 6 kg) were evaluated for oxygen uptake (VO2), heart rate (HR) and pulse relative oxygen (relative O2 Pulse) curves with intervals corresponding to 10% of the total duration of CPET. Athletes were grouped according to the GFR and classified as decreased GFR (dGFR; n = 8) and normal GFR (nGFR; n = 8). Athletes from the dGFR group exhibited lower VO2 values (p < 0.05) when 90% (dGFR 49.8 ± 4.0 vs. nGFR 54.4 ± 6.1 ml·kg-1·min-1) and 100% (dGFR 52.6 ± 4.1 vs. nGFR 57.4 ± 5.9 ml·kg-1·min-1) of the test was complete; HR high values (p < 0.05) when 90% (dGFR 183.7 ± 5.1 vs. nGFR 176.6 ± 4.8 bpm-1) and 100% (dGFR 188.1 ± 5.0 vs. nGFR 180.8 ± 4.8 bpm-1) of the test was complete; and lower relative O2 Pulse values (p < 0.05) when 70% (dGFR 25.6 ± 8.4 vs. nGFR 27.9 ± 9.7 ml·beat-1·kg-1), 80% (dGFR 26.6 ± 8.8 vs. nGFR 29.1 ± 10.0 ml·beat-1·kg-1), 90% (dGFR 27.1 ± 9.0 vs. nGFR 30.8 ± 10.6 ml·beat-1·kg-1) and 100% (dGFR 28 ± 9.2 vs. nGFR 31.8 ± 10.9 ml·beat-1·kg-1) of the test was complete. A correlation was found (r = −0.66, R2 = 0.44, p = 0.00) between lower VO2 peak and elevated levels of urinary protein excretion. In conclusion, soccer players with reduced kidney function after performing the pre-season training protocol also presented alterations in cardiopulmonary variables. We suggest that monitoring of renal function may be used to identify less conditioned soccer players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Pontes Morales
- Laboratory of Research and Innovation in Sports Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro UFRJ, Macaé, Brazil.,Secretary Municipal of Sport, City Government of Macaé SEMEL, Macaé, Brazil.,Laboratory of Chemistry and Biomolecules, Higher Institutes of Education of CENSA ISECENSA, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | - Felipe Sampaio-Jorge
- Laboratory of Research and Innovation in Sports Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro UFRJ, Macaé, Brazil.,Secretary Municipal of Sport, City Government of Macaé SEMEL, Macaé, Brazil.,Laboratory of Chemistry and Biomolecules, Higher Institutes of Education of CENSA ISECENSA, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | - Luiz Felipe da Cruz Rangel
- Laboratory of Research and Innovation in Sports Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro UFRJ, Macaé, Brazil.,Secretary Municipal of Sport, City Government of Macaé SEMEL, Macaé, Brazil
| | - Jackson de Souza Menezes
- Laboratory of Integrated Biochemistry-Hatisaburo Masuda, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro UFRJ, Macaé, Brazil
| | - Tiago Costa Leite
- Laboratory of Research and Innovation in Sports Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro UFRJ, Macaé, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Gonçalves Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Research and Innovation in Sports Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro UFRJ, Macaé, Brazil
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Botek M, Krejčí J, McKune AJ, Klimešová I. Somatic, Endurance Performance and Heart Rate Variability Profiles of Professional Soccer Players Grouped According to Age. J Hum Kinet 2016; 54:65-74. [PMID: 28031758 PMCID: PMC5187960 DOI: 10.1515/hukin-2016-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study compared somatic, endurance performance determinants and heart rate variability (HRV) profiles of professional soccer players divided into different age groups: GI (17–19.9 years; n = 23), GII (20–24.9 years; n = 45), GIII (25–29.9 years; n = 30), and GIV (30–39 years; n = 26). Players underwent somatic and HRV assessment and maximal exercise testing. HRV was analyzed by spectral analysis of HRV, and high (HF) and low (LF) frequency power was transformed by a natural logarithm (Ln). Players in GIV (83 ± 7 kg) were heavier (p < 0.05) compared to both GI (73 ± 6 kg), and GII (78 ± 6 kg). Significantly lower maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max, ml•kg-1•min-1) was observed for GIV (56.6 ± 3.8) compared to GI (59.6 ± 3.9), GII (59.4 ± 4.2) and GIV (59.7 ± 4.1). All agegroups, except for GII, demonstrated comparable relative maximal power output (Pmax). For supine HRV, significantly lower Ln HF (ms2) was identified in both GIII (7.1 ± 0.8) and GIV (6.9 ± 1.0) compared to GI (7.9 ± 0.6) and GII (7.7 ± 0.9). In conclusion, soccer players aged >25 years showed negligible differences in Pmax unlike the age group differences demonstrated in VO2max. A shift towards relative sympathetic dominance, particularly due to reduced vagal activity, was apparent after approximately 8 years of competing at the professional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Botek
- Department of Natural Sciences in Kinanthropology, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Krejčí
- Department of Natural Sciences in Kinanthropology, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Andrew J McKune
- Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health, UC-Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, ACT, Australia; Discipline of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Iva Klimešová
- Department of Natural Sciences in Kinanthropology, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Rocha-e-Silva M. Cardiovascular research in CLINICS. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2013; 68:727-31. [PMID: 23778482 PMCID: PMC3674271 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2013(06)01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Gomes AM, Rocha-e-Silva M. Exercise and its interactions with various aspects of man and animal lives. ACTA ORTOPEDICA BRASILEIRA 2012; 20:356-66. [PMID: 24453632 PMCID: PMC3861955 DOI: 10.1590/s1413-78522012000600009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
To review recently published papers in the Brazilian Scientific press on the general subject of physical exercise. All articles published in 2010/2011 found through the keyword exercise were collected from 11 Brazilian Journals. They were hand filtered to exclude all but original research papers. They were grouped according to subject categories and subcategories. A brief summary of all included articles was produced, comparing similar articles between them. The most commonly found interactions refer to exercise vs. the cardiovascular system, metabolism and the locomotor system, in this order. The volume of scientific research in the field is high and of sufficient quality to justify highlighting.
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11
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Perim RR, Signorelli GR, Araújo CGS. Stability of relative oxygen pulse curve during repeated maximal cardiopulmonary testing in professional soccer players. Braz J Med Biol Res 2011; 44:700-6. [PMID: 21837356 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2011007500073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), stroke volume can be indirectly assessed by O(2) pulse profile. However, for a valid interpretation, the stability of this variable over time should be known. The objective was to analyze the stability of the O(2) pulse curve relative to body mass in elite athletes. VO(2), heart rate (HR), and relative O(2) pulse were compared at every 10% of the running time in two maximal CPETs, from 2005 to 2010, of 49 soccer players. Maximal values of VO(2) (63.4 ± 0.9 vs 63.5 ± 0.9 mL O(2)•kg(-1)•min(-1)), HR (190 ± 1 vs188 ± 1 bpm) and relative O(2) pulse (32.9 ± 0.6 vs 32.6 ± 0.6 mL O(2)•beat(-1)•kg(-1)) were similar for the two CPETs (P > 0.05), while the final treadmill velocity increased from 18.5 ± 0.9 to 18.9 ± 1.0 km/h (P < 0.01). Relative O(2) pulse increased linearly and similarly in both evaluations (r(2) = 0.64 and 0.63) up to 90% of the running time. Between 90 and 100% of the running time, the values were less stable, with up to 50% of the players showing a tendency to a plateau in the relative O(2) pulse. In young healthy men in good to excellent aerobic condition, the morphology of the relative O(2) pulse curve is consistent up to close to the peak effort for a CPET repeated within a 1-year period. No increase in relative O(2)pulse at peak effort could represent a physiologic stroke volume limitation in these athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Perim
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, Universidade Gama Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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